Lesson19- The Application of Electricity on Board

1. Electrical Drive for Machinery

The electrical drive system principally contains motor, drive mechanism and
control unit. Among them, the motor is cast for the part of a prime mover in the electrical
drive system, whose function is to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy and
whose types and capacity depend on the requirements of the relevant working machinery.
Both motors and working machinery are either directly connected or joined together into
one unit by a speed reduction drive mechanism. With regard to the control unit, it has
been developing rapidly from a simple relay contactor to a complicated control system of
various automatic components.
In fact, there is a lot of aux. machinery on board, which is generally of electrical
drive and electromagnetic contactor control. For some aux. machinery, however, a few
additional control components are adopted to relieve the crew of the routine operation
and maintenance, such as pressure relay, temperature relay, level relay, etc.
In addition, the anchoring and mooring equipment is also common deck machinery.
Electrical-driven anchor windlasses and anchor winches are now widely employed. It is
easy enough to lower an anchor by gravity, but there are several stages for the anchor
retaking that are of varied speeds. Therefore, a motor will run at a higher speed if the load
is light, and has to run at a minimum speed when the anchor approaches the hawsepipe.
To fulfill the mission, a control circuit of relay contactors with the master controller is to
be arranged to regulate the motor speed.
2. The Electric Steering Gear System
The three types for the electric steering gear system are as follows:
2.1. Hand Steering
By hand steering, its control circuit is normally to be of relay contactors. In order
to safeguard the reliable operation of the steering gear, two motors are to be provided,
with any one of them in service and the other in the state of stand-by. The hand steering
system to be supplied with electricity from two feed circuits port and starboard. And the
steering gear motor to be controlled by a hand lever fitted on the maneuvering console in
the wheel-house and the hand lever possesses three different positions, left, middle (or nil
) and right. The hand steering is widely employed on small and medium ships, while on
large ships it serves as the emergency steering.
2. 2. Wheel Steering
Wheel steering has found a wide application in various types of vessels, the
characteristic of which is that the steering wheel turns towards either port or starboard
with a certain rudder angle in accordance with the relevant instructions. Accordingly, the
rudder will follow the steering wheel with the same rudder angle. For instance, if the
steering wheel turns to port at 5 degrees, the rudder will follow the steering wheel and
stop at 5 degrees port; and if the steering wheel turns to starboard at 10 degrees; the
rudder will also go after the steering wheel and come to a stop at 10 degrees starboard. To
cut the long story short, the position of the steering wheel shall always correspond to the
rudder angle. To achieve this, it is necessary to add synchronous followers to the control
circuit.
2. 3. Automatic Steering

During voyage, a vessel will deviate from its set course owing to the influence of
such external interfering moments as waves and so on. So the resultant yaw will be
different both in its magnitude and in its direction corresponding to the above moments.
The function of automatic steering is to maintain that a vessel will automatically keep to
a straight line along its given course. The signals of instruction for the automatic steering
may derive either from a directional finder or from a gyro compass, or are to be obtained
by making use of the earth magnetic field directly, with the gyro compass acting as the
most common source of signals.
3. Illumination
Ship's illumination includes cabin lighting, deck lighting, search light,
navigational light, signal light and portable light of low voltage and so forth.
In respect of the circuits of ship's illumination, there are normal lighting circuit,
emergency lighting circuit and temporary emergency lighting circuit.
As the power system works smoothly, the power supply of illumination comes
from the normal lighting circuit through lighting distribution boxes that are arranged at
various positions onboard. But, please note that, the power supply for the outdoor
illumination shall originate from the distribution box fitted in the wheel-house so that it
can be easily cut off from the wheel house for the sake of convenient night voyage.
When the main power station breaks down, the power supply of the emergency
lighting to be received from the emergency generating set through the emergency lighting
circuit. Whereas the temporary emergency lighting will be supplied with power by
battery units, and its circuit can be closed automatically if the main network or
emergency network fails, or the voltage drops to 40 % of the rated value. On the contrary,
the circuit will be open automatically as well when the main network or emergency
network restores its voltage. The temporary emergency lighting serves as a supplemental
means to instantaneous shortage of electricity when the normal power supply is switched
over to the emergency power supply.
Moreover, when a ship sails at night, it may be necessary to display its position
and working condition for the purpose of safety. Therefore, various kinds of navigational
lights are to be armed with on board. General navigational lights are fore and aft mast
lights, side lights, stern lights and so on, with the red side light at port, the green side light
at starboard and the white stern light at stern. The navigational lights form a leading and
independent system of ship's equipment, which are centrally controlled by means of a
control box fitted in the wheel house.
Apart from the navigational lights, there are also different flash signal lights for
the external communication.
New Words and Expressions
1. electrical drive truyn ng in
2. machinery n. my mc
3. motor n m t
4. drive mechanism c ch truyn ng
5. control unit thit b khng ch
6. prime mover ng lc ban u
7. electrical energy nng lng in
8. mechanical energy nng lng c hc
9. relay contactor rle cng tc

10. aux. machinery my ph

11. electromagnetic contactor cng tc t
12. control component thnh phn iu khin
13. routine n.vic thng thng hng ngy
14. maintenance n. v .bo dng
15. pressure relay r le p sut
16 temperature relay rle nhit
17. level relay rle mc
18. deck machinery my ph
19. stage n .bc,giai on
20 . retake v .ly li
21. control circuit dng kim tra
22. master controller b iu khin m
23. hand steering li tay
24. feed circuit dng cp
25. hand lever cn tay
26. maneuvering console cngxon iu khin
27. emergency steering li ng cp
28. wheel steering li v lng
29. synchronous follower truy theo ng b
30. automatic steering li t ng
31. interfering moment mmen can thip
32. yaw n. s trch
33. straight line ng thng
34. directional finder my tm phng
35. gyro compass la bn in
36. magnetic field t trng
37. illumination n .s chiu sng
38. lighting n. chiu sng
39. search light n pha
40. navigational light n hnh trnh
41. signal light n tn hiu
42. portable light n cm tay
43 . main network mng li chnh
44. emergency network mng li ng cp
45. rated value tr s danh nh
46. mast light n ct
47. side light n mn
48. stern light n ui
49. flash signal light n chp tn hiu
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. be cast for the part of c phn ng vai tr
2. transform A into B chuyn A thnh B
3. relieve sb. Of gii thot ai khi

4. go after i theo
5. come to a stop dng li
6. to cut the long story short rt gn cu chuyn di
7. correspond to tng ng vi
8. add A to B thm A vo B
9. cut off ct khi
10. on the contrary tri ngc vi
11. switch over ngt chuyn sang
BI 19-S DNG IN TRN TU
1-Dn ng in cho cc my
H thng dn ng in ch yu bao gm mt,c cu truyn ng v thit b
iu khin.Trong ,mt ng vai tr ng lc ca h truyn ng in m nhim v
ca n l chuyn nng lng in thnh nng lng c v n cc loi v nng lc ty
thuc vo yu cu ca h thng my mc m n dn ng.C ng c v my mc hoc
c n itrctip vi nhau hoc thng qua c cu gim tc.Xt v thit b iu khin,n
pht trin nhanh chng t loi cng tc rle n gin thnh mt h thng iu khin
phc tp gm nhiu thnh phn t ng khc nhau.Trn thc t c mt lot cc my ph
trn tu ,ni chung n c dn ng in v iu khin bng cng tc in t.Tuy
nhin,vi mt s cc my ph c b sung cc thnh phn iu khin lm nh bt cc
cng vic khai thc v bo dng hng ngy nh rle p sut,rle nhit ,rle o
mc. Ngoi ra thit b neo v chng buc cng l nhng thit b trn boong thng
thng.Ti neo ng v nm dn ng in hi nang cdng rng ri.Khi th neo
nh trng lng th kh d dng nhng khi ly neo ln n c nhiu tc khc nhau.Bi
vy,mt m t s chy tc cao khi ti trng nh v chy tc t ithiu khi neo
ti gn ng neo. hon thnh nhim v,ngi ta b tr cccng tc rle ca mch iu
khin cng vi b iu khin m iu chnh tc ca m t.
2- H thng li in.
C ba h thng li in nh sau:
2.1 Li tay
Trong li tay,dng iu khin thng t cng tc rle. m bo an ton iu
hnh thit b li mt cch tin cy,ngi ta b tr hai m t ,mt ci th chy cn ci kia
d phng.H thng li tay c cp in t hai mch cp in mn tri v mn phi.V
m t li c iu khin bi mt cn tay lp trn cngxon li nm trong bung li v
cn tay c ba v tr , l tri.gia (hay v tr khng) v phi.Li tay c p dng rng
ri trn cc tu nh v trung bnh,trong khi cc tu ln dng n lm my li s c.
2.2 Li v lngLi v lng c p dng rng ri trn cc loi tu khc nhau , c tnh ca n l
v lng li quay hoc v pha tri hoc v pha phi vi mt gc no theo lnh tng
ng.Cng nh th,bnh li s theo v lng li quay cng mt gc li.V d,nu v lng li
quay tri 5 th bnh li s theo v lng v dng li ti 5 tri,v nu v lng li quay
sang phi 10 th bnh li cng theo sau v lng v dng li ti 10 phi.Tm li,v
tr ca v lng li lu nlun tng ng vi gc li. thc hin iu ,trong mch iu
khin phi thm b truy theo ng b.
2.3 Li t ng

Trong hnh trnh,do nh hng ca nhng m men can thip t bn ngoi nh

sng gi ,con tu s b lch hnh trnh .Bi vy, cchch cui cng s khc c v bin
ln hng so vi lc ban u.Nhim v ca li t ng l duy tr sao cho con tu t
ng gi mt ng thng theo hng nh .Tn hiu hng dn cho my li t
ng c th sinh ra t my tm phng hay t la bn in,hay do s dng trc tip t
trng tri t ,trong ngun tn hiu ph bin nht l la bn in.
3-Chiu sng
Chiu sng con tu bao gm chiu sng cabin,boong, n pha di, n hnh trnh,
n tn hiu v n xchtay dng in p thpXt v mch in chiu sng,c mch
chiu sng thng thng,mch ng cp v mch ng cp tm thi.Khi h thng in hot
ng tt, vic cp in chiu sng ly t mch chiu sng thng thng qua hp phn b
chiu sng nm ti cc v tr khc nhau trn tu.Nhng cn ch rng vic cp in cho
chiu sng bn ngoi c ly t hp phn b nm trong bung li nh vy t bung li
d dng ct in thun tin khi hnh trnh ban m.Khi trm in chnh b hng,vic
cp in chiu sng ng cp s cthc hin t my pht ng cp thng qua mch chiu
sng ng cp.
Ngoi ra,chiu sng ng cp tm thi c cung cp in t accu v mch s t
ng ng li khi mng li chnh hay mng s c b hng hay i np st xung ti
40% in p danh nh .Tri li,mch s t ng ngt khi mng in chnh hay mch ng
cp khi phc li c in p.Chiu sng ng cp tm thi
c s dng nh mt
phng tin b sung cho vic mt in tc thi khi chuyn t cp in bnh thng sang
cp in ng cp.
Ngoi ra,khi tu chy m,v mc ch an ton c th cn hin th v tr v iu
kin lm vic ca n .Bi vy,trn tu c trang b cc loi n hnh trnh khc nhau. n
hnh trnh chung c n ct trc v ct sau, n mn, n uivi n mn tri
v n xanh mn phi, n trng ui tu. n hnh trnh to nn mt h thng ch
dn v c lp ca trang b tu ,n c iu khin tp trung t h piu khin trong
bung li.Ngoi n hnh trnh,cn c cc n chp tn hiu lin lc vi bn ngoi