Lesson 17-Ship Systems (2)

The rest of the ship systems are ballast system, water supply system, steam & aux.
boiler system, ventilation & air conditioning system, refrigerating plant and fresh water
production plant.
1. The Ballast System
On the condition of light ship, the stability and propeller propulsion efficiency of
a vessel will be affected if its draft is too shallow. In addition, uneven loading of cargoes
and the consumption of oil, water and provisions will all bring about draft variation as
well as trim and heel.
To make improvement upon the ship performance, the ballast system is to be
employed, which is capable of the adjustment of draft, trim and heel by regulating the
water volume in individual ballast tanks. Ballast tanks can take in or discharge sea water
with the assistance of a ballast pump through the ballast piping, and the sea water among
various ballast tanks can also be transferred from one tank to another.
2. The Water Supply System
The water supply system onboard is more complex than that in a town, for it
concerns sea water and fresh water as well as potable water and sanitary water. As usual,
its branch systems will contain:
A: The potable water system that serves the drinking water.
B: The F. W. system that is for lavatories and engine room equipment.
C: The sanitary water system that is used to flush cabins and toilets.
3. The Steam & Aux. Boiler System
The task of this system is to provide heat energy for heating, hot water and galley
as well as for the heating of fuel oil, lube oil and cargo oil.
4. The Ventilation & Air Conditioning System
The forced ventilation pattern is widely used onboard to pump in fresh air and
draw out stuffy air with the aid of a ventilator. Owing to the limited effect of ventilators,
however, a brandnew system called air conditioning has been developed, the method of
which is to pretreat the ambient air, turn it into the clean air with moderate temperature
and relative humidity, and then transfer the agreeable air into individual cabins so as to
create an artificial microclimate different from the surrounding atmosphere.
For an air-conditioning system, the air processing of heating, cooling and
humidifying is of full automation. Furthermore, the semi-conductor control for the
system has come into being already.
5. The Refrigerating Plant
In general, a number of refrigerating store-rooms are to be provided onboard to
preserve vegetables, meat and fish respectively. The required refrigerating plant works on
the principle that a liquid will absorb a large quantity of heat energy when it vaporizes.
And the coolants, or cooling agents, most often used onboard, are freon and ammonia.
6. The Fresh Water Production Plant
In respect to an ocean-going vessel, a fresh water production plant is to be
equipped with to turn out fresh water out of sea water.
The plant is usually of vacuum vaporization type, the heat source of which comes
from the utilization of the waste heat of diesel engine cooling water.
New Words and Expressions

l. ballast system h balt

2. water supply system h cp nc
3. steam &. aux. boiler system h ni hi ph
4. ventilation & air-conditioning system h thng gi v iu ha khng kh
5. refrigerating plant trang b p lnh
6. fresh water production plant trang b sn xut nc ngt
7. ballast tank kt balt
8. ballast pump bm balt
9. ballast piping ng ng balt
10. potable water nc n
11. sanitary water nc v sinh
12. branch system h thng nhnh
13. drinking water nc ung
14. heating n.vic sy nng
15. galley n .nh bp
16. cargo oil du hng
17. forced ventilation thng gi cng bc
18. ventilator n.my thng gi
19. pretreat v.x l
20. relative humidity m tng i
21. microclimate n.vi kh hu
22. humidify v.lm m
23. semi-conductor n.cht bn dn
24. store-room n .kho
25. vaporize v.lm bay hi
26. coolant (cooling agent) n.tc nhn lm lnh
27. freon n.frn
28. ammonia n .a m n c
29. vacuum n.chn khng
30. waste heat nhit tha
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. bring about em li
2. make improvement upon lm ci thin
3. with the assistance ( aid) of vi s h tr ca
4. pump in bm vo
5. draw out rt ra
6. turn A into B chuyn A thnh B
7. artificial microclimate vi kh hu nhn to
BI 17-H THNG TU(2)
Nhng h thng tu cn li l h balt,h cp nc,h ni hi ph .h thng gi v
iu ha khng kh ,trang b p lnh v my sn xut nc ngt
1-H balt.Trong iu kin tu khng ti,tnh n nh v hiu sut chn vt s b nh
hng nu mn ca tu qu thp.Ngoi tra,vic xp hng khng u,vic tiu th

du,nc,lng thcthc phm s lm cho thay i mn nc cng nh nghing ngang

nghing dc. ci thin tnh hng hi ca tu,h thng ba lt c s dng,n c th
iu chnh mn nc, nghing ngang nghing dc bng cch iu chnh th tch nc
trong cc kt ba lt ring r.Kt ba lt c th nhn nc bin vo hay x ra vi s h tr
ca bm balt thng qua ng ng balt v nc bin trong s cc kt khc nhau c th
c chuyn t kt ny sang kt khc.
2-H cp nc.H cp nc trn tu th phc tp hn trong mt thnh ph bi v n
c lin quan ti nc bin v nc ngt cng nh nc n v ncv sinh.Thng thng
cc h thng nhnh ca n gm c:
A-H thng nc n phcv nc ung
B-H nc ngt dng cho cc ch ra mt v trang b bung my
C-H nc v sinh dng thi ra cabin v toalt.
3-H thng hi v ni hi ph -Nhim v ca h thng ny l cung cp nhit
si m,cp nc nng .cho nh bt cng nh hm nng du t,du bi trn v du
hng
4-H thng gi v iu ha khng kh-Cch thng go cng bc c s dng
rng ri trn tu bm khng kh sch vo v ht kh ngt ngt ra bng my thng
gi.Tuy nhin cc my thng gi c hiu qu gii hn,mt h thng mi c tn l iu
ha khng kh c pht trin vi phng php ca n l x l khng kh xung quanh
.bin n thnh khng kh sch vi nhit v m tng i va phi,sau 1o chuyn
khng kh d chu vo tng cabin to nn mt vng vi kh hu nhn to khc vi
kh quyn xung quanh.Vi mt h iu ha khng kh,vic si nng,lm mt,lm m
hon ton t ng.Ngoi ra cn dng bn dn khng ch h thng.
5-Trang b p lnh-Ni chung,mt s kho lnh trn tu cdng bo qun
rau,tht v c.H thng p lnh hot ng theo nguyn l mt cht lng khi bay hi s
hp th mt lng ln nhit nng.V tc nhn lm lnh thng dng trn tu l frn v
amonic
6-Trang b sn xut nc ngt-Trn tu bin,c trang b thit b sn xut nc ngt
bin nc bin thnh nc ngt.Thit b thng dng l loi bc hi chn khng
,ngun nhit ca n ly t nhit d ca nc lm mt ng c diesel.