Lesson18-The Power System

After we have arrived at the destination of engine outfitting, we are now facing
another arduous journey - electricity outfitting. But before we start, the conceptual
difference has to be made clear between heavy current engineering (or power engineering
)and light current engineering. The former is concerned primarily with the generation and
transportation as well as the utilization of electrical power, while the latter covers such
aspects as electronics, telephone, radio, control, monitoring and the like. Both of these
engineering are widely involved on board the ship.
The further the shipbuilding industry develops, the more widely electricity will be
used. To give you a vivid illustration, we can well say that power system is the blood
vessels and nerve cells of a ship.
For a marine power system, both direct current (DC) and alternating current
(AC)will be adopted, and the system consists of power station, network and electric load.
There are two kinds of power stations on board, i. e. the main power station and the
emergency power station. The main power station is equipped with main generating sets
and stand-by generating sets. With some types of vessels, a harbour generator is to be
provided. No matter what their functions are, all the aforesaid generating sets are of
diesel engine prime mover.
Besides, the emergency power station possesses an independent distribution system
of its own. Should the main power station break down and should accordingly the power
supply fail, the emergency power station would start automatically to ensure the power
supply for important electrical users onboard. As a supplemental means, battery units to

Fig. 18.1

2-main switchboard; 3-emergency main switchboard; 7-distribution box; 9-contral

console; l 1-control box; 14-pump
be provided to serve as the temporary emergency power supply, which will also go into
action automatically to satisfy the most primary users such as illumination of some major
passages either when the emergency power station is not yet in operation or when both the
main and emergency power stations fail to supply power.
Main switchboard and emergency switchboard are to be provided respectively in the
main power station and the emergency power station so that the working conditions of
generating sets will be controlled and monitored and the electrical energy produced will be
properly distributed to various users onboard.
Either the main switchboard or the emergency switchboard is a comprehensive
electrical equipment, which is composed of such different systems as control, protection,
adjustment, measurement, distribution and signal.
The functions of the aforementioned systems are as follows: (1)Necessary
measurement for such parameters as the voltage, current, insulation and frequency
of the main generating set and its network.
(2)Adjustment of such parameters as voltage and frequency so as to guarantee the
quality of power supply.
(3) Operation under different working conditions of generating sets, e. g.
generation, power supply, parallel of generators, load transfer, etc.
(4) Power supply is to be cut off automatically to protect generators from damage
when a generator or the network breaks down due to overload, short circuit, reverse
power or under voltage.
(5)To receive electrical energy from generators and supply the network with the
energy via the distribution switch.
(6) Indication of the working conditions of generators and the network by signals.
Normally speaking, main and emergency switchboards are to be of protection type
or of drip-proof type, and to be vertically installed in the vicinity of the main
generating set and emergency generating set.
Main switchboard is capable of supplying electrical power directly for some
primary electrical users, and supplying the rest of the users with electricity through
a distribution panel or box.
Apart from what has been stated, power supply can also be obtained through a
shore electricity box when a vessel is in harbour.
New Words and Expressions
1. power system h thng in
2. destination n .ni n
3. arduous a.kh` khn gian kh,gay go
4 . start v .khi u
5. conceptual a .c tnh khi nim
6. heavy current in nng
7. light current in nh
8. generation n .pht in

9. transportation n vn chuyn
10. electrical power nng lng in
11. electronics n . in t
12. monitor v.nghe v ghi gim st
13. illustration n.minh ha,thuyt minh sinh ng
14. well adv.mt cch hon ton c ly
15. blood vessel mch mu
16. nerve cell t bo no
17. direct current (D. C. ) dng mt chiu
18. alternating current (A. C. )dng xoay chiu
19. power station trm in
20 . network n.mng li
21. electric load ti in
22. main power station trm in chnh
23 emergency power station trm in ng cp
24. generating set my pht
25. main generating set my pht chnh
26. stand-by n.d phng
27. stand-by generating set my pht d phng
28 . harbour generator my pht khi tu bn
29. prime mover ng lc utin,ngun nng lng
30. distribution n .phn b
31. distribution system n h thng phn b.
32. power supply cung cp in
33. electrical user h dng in
34. battery unit t accu
35. temporary emergency power supply cung cp in ng cp tm thi
36. illumination n .chiu sng
37. passage n. li qua li
38. main switchboard bng in chnh
39. emergency switchboard bng in ng cp
40 . distribute v .phn b
41. signal n .tn hiu
42. parameter n.thng s
43. voltage n. in p
44. current n .cng dng
45. insulation n.cch in
46. frequency n.tn s
47. operation n .khai thc
48. parallel of generators mc song song cc my pht
49. load transfer truyn ti
50. overload n. v qu ti
51. short circuit chp mch
52. reverse power o in
53. under voltage di in p
54. distribution switch cu dao phn phi

55. protection type loi bo v

56. drip-proof type loi chu c nc nh git
57. distribution panel panen phn phi
58. distribution box hp phn phi
59. shore electricity box hp in b
60.comprehensive bao hm ton din
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. arrive in (at) i ti
2. be concerned with cp ti
3. of one's own ca chnh n
4. as a supplemental means nh mt phng tin ph
5. go into action bt u hnh ng
6. be in operation trong khi khai thc
7. fail to + v.khng thc hin c
8. in the vicinity of bn,trong vng ph cn ca .
BI 18-H THNG IN
Sau khi chng ta ti im n ca trang b my tu,by gi chng ta i
din vi mt cuc hnh trinh khc y cam go, l trang b in.
Nhng trc khi khi hnh,chng ta cn lm r s khc nhau v quan nim
gia in nng v in nh.Loi trn ch yu cp ti vic pht in v truyn ti cng
nh sdng nng lng in trong khi loi di bao trm nhng lnh vc nh in t,
in thoi,radio,kim tra,gim stC hai loi u c p dng rng ri trn tu.
Cng nghip ng tu cng pht trin, in cng c p dng rng ri.
gip cho cc bn c mt minh ha sinh ng,chng ta hon ton c l khi ni rng h
thng in l mch mu v t bo no ca mt con tu.Vi h thng in trn tu,c hai
loi , in mt chiu DC v in xoay chiu AC u c chp nhn ,v h thng gm
trm in,mng li v ti in.
C hai loi trm in trn tu, l trm in chnh v trm in ng
cp.Trm in chnh c trang b cc my pht in chnh v my pht d phngg.Vi
mt s loi tu c trang b my pht cho tu dng khi cp cng.D nhim v ca chng
ra sao,tt c cc my pht ni trn u c ng c dn ng l diesel.
Ngoi ra,trm my pht ng cp c ring mt h thng phn phi c lp.Gi
s trm in chnh b hng v do b mt in,trm in ng cp s t ng khi ng
, m bo cung cp in cho nhng h dng in quan trng trn tu.Nh l mt
phng tin b xung,cc t accu s c s dng nh l ngun cung cp in ng cp
tm thi,accu cng i vo hot ng t ng tha mn cc h quan trng nht nh
chi usng mt s li i ch cht hay khi trm pht in ng cp hy cn cha hot
ng hay khi c hai trm chnh v trm ng cp khng cp c in.
Bng in chnh v bng in ng cp cng ln lt c t ti trm pht
chnh v trm ng cp sao cho iu kin lm vic ca cc my pht s c kim tra v
gim st v nng lng i nsn xut ra s c phn b chnh xc cho cc h khc
nhau trn tu. C bng in chnh ln bng in ng cp u l trang b in ton din
,bao gm nhng h thng khc nhau nh kim tra,bo v , iu chnh, o c,phn phi
v pht tn hiu.Nhim v ca cc h thng ni trn l nh sau

(1) o c cn thit nhng thng s nh in p,cng dng,cch in v

tn s ca t my pht chnh v mng li.
(2) iu chnh nhng thng s nh in p v tn s sao cho m bo cht
lng vic cung cp in.
(3)Khai thc u hnh di cc iu kin khc nhau ca my pht,v d :pht
in,cp in, u song song cc my pht,truyn ti
(4)Vic cp in c ct t ng bo v cc my pht khi h hng khi
my pht hay mng li b s c do qu ti,ngn mch , o chiu in hay thp p.
(5) C cc tn hiu ch th iu kin lm vic ca my pht v mng li.
Ni chung,bng in chnh v bng in s c u thuc loi c bo v hay
loi chu c nc nh git ,v c t thng ng gn vi my pht chnh v my
pht ng cp.Bng in chnh c th cung cp trc tip in cho mt s h dng in
loi mt v cung cp cho cc h cn li thng qua mt panen phn phi hay mt hp
in.Ngoi nhng iu ni, in cn c th c c pthng qua hp in trn b khi
tu cp cng