Lesson 3-Other Seakeeping Performances(2)

Roll and Pitch

When floating on water or sailing at sea, vessels will roll or pitch owing to wave
motions as well as the influence of wind, current and propeller.
The fatal results of excessive roll and pitch are as follows:
1. First, the ship upsetting arising from excessive inclination due to roll.
2. In the next place, the hull structure damage because of sharp roll and pitch as well as
the violent movement of bulk cargoes, or even worse the hull might break.
3. Still next, the affection on the propulsion plant, i. e. the increase of water resistance
and the reduction of speed by reason of roll and pitch.
4. Then, the affection on proper operation of various kinds of machines and
instruments.
5. Last of all, the hard working condition which causes the crew to be seasick.
Therefore, we have to take roll and pitch into our consideration during the design
stage, for they are closely related to the whole seakeeping performance.
As you know, the roll period is greatly concerned with the initial metacentric
height and, in some degree, stability is contrary to roll. It seems to be strange that
violent roll, as many people might think, is not derived from poor stability.
So far different stabilizing units have been invented, and found wide application to
decreasing roll and pitch. Common stabilizing units now in practical use are bilge keels,
stabilizers and wing,buoyant tanks.

Fig. 3.1 stabilizer

Floodability
Floodability states the ability for a vessel to keep afloat with sufficient floatability,
stability and other seakeeping performances in case one or several compartments are

flooded. Should sea damage take place, reserve buoyance would be the principal
condition to keep a vessel afloat. With the help of the watertight bulkheads and decks
which separate the inside of hull into a number of compartments and spaces, reserve
buoyance enough is to be retained so that the intake of sea water may be confined to the
damaged compartment without water pouring into the adjacent compartments.
Maneuverability
The last seakeeping performance that we are coming to is maneuverability, which
refers to the ability for a vessel to retain or change its course in accordance with the
pilot's intention.
Maneuverability is composed of two abilities, that is, the directional stability and
the turning ability. The former indicates the ability for a vessel to keep to its given
course, while the latter sets forth the ability for a vessel to change its course. Oceangoing vessels require strict directional stability, whereas short-range ships ask for a
better turning ability. Moreover, the smaller the turning circle of vessels, the better their
turning ability.
In the guarantee of vessel maneuverability, a steering gear of fine quality is to be
provided, rudder being its primary component.
New Words and Expressions
1. current n. dng chy
2. propeller n chn vt
3 . upset v. lt nga
4. excessive a .qu mc
5. bulk cargo hng ri,hng x
6. the propulsion plant trang b y tu
7. operation vic iu hnh,vic s dng
8. instrument n.dng c
9. seasick a.say sng
10. design stage giai on thit k
11. the roll period chu k lc ngang
12. initial metacentric height chiu cao tm nghing ban u
13. stabilizing unit thit b chng lc
14. bilge keel sng hng,vy bn hng
15. stabilizer n thit b chng lc
16. wing buoyant tank kt ni hai bn cnh g
17.floodability tnh chng chm
18.reserve buoyance sc ni d tr
19. state v. pht biu,ni r,tuyn b
20. sufficient
21. sea damage s h hi trn bin
22. bulkhead n .vch
23. deck n .boong
24. intake n. a vo,np vo
25. sea water (SW) nc bin

26.retain v.ngn,gi li,tip tc c

27. pour v. vo,rt vo
28.confine v.giam gi,gi li
29 . adjacent a.k cn,k bn
30.maneuverability n.tnh iu khin,tnh quay tr
31.refer to v.ni ti,k ti
32 . course n . h n h t r n h
33. pilot n . h o a t i u
34. intention n. nh
35. directional stability n nh hng
36. turning ability kh nng quay tr
37. short-range a .tm ngn
38. turning circle ng trn quay tr
39. guarantee n. v. m bo,cam kt
40. steering gear thit b li
41. rudder n . b n h l i
42. component n . t h n h p h n
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. as follows nh sau
2. arise from sinh ra t
3.in the next place tip theo
4. last of all cui cng
5. take sth. into ones consideration xt ti
6. be related to c lin quan ti
7. be concerned with cp ti
8. in some degree trong mc no
9. be contrary to tri ngc vi
10. derive from sinh ra t ; be derived from c sinh ra t
11. so far trong chng mc,ti chng mc
12. find wide application to c p dng rng ri
13. in use c s dng
14 . in case conj. trong trng hp
15. with the help of vi s h tr ca
16. separate A into phn chia A thnh
17. a number of mt cht
18. be confined to c gi li
19. come to i ti
20. in accordance with cn c vo
21. be composed of c hp thnh bi
22. the former.the latter.ci trc.ci sau
23. keep to gi li
24. set forth cng b ,nu ra, a ra
25. in the guarantee of c bo m

BI 3-CC C TNH HNG HI KHC (2)

Lc ngang v lc dc
Khi ni trn mt nc hay chy trn bin,tu s lc ngang hay lc
dc do chuyn ng ca sng cng nh nh hng ca gi,dng v chn vt
Kt qu cht ngi ca lc ngang v lc dc qu mc l nh sau:
1-Do lc ngang tu nghing qu mc ,nn tng kh nng b lt p
2-Tip n,cu trc thn tu b h hng do lc ngang v lc dc t
ngt cng nh hng ri di chuyn mnh v xu hn na,v tu b v
3-Tip n . nh hng ti trang b y ,tc l tng sc cn ca
nc v gim tc do lc ngang v lc dc
4-Tip n l nh hng ti vic iu hnh cc loi my mc dng
c
5-Cui cng, iu kin lm vic vt v s lm thy th b say sng .
Bi vy ,ngay trong giai on thit k,chng ta phi xt ti lc
ngang v lc dc v n lin quan mt thit ti ton b c tnh hng hi.Nh ta bit,chu
k lc c lin quan rt ln ti chiu cao tm nghing ban u,v trong mc no ,tnh
n nh tri ngc vi tnh lc.C iu k l ,nhiu ngi c th ngh l lc mnh khng
phi sinh ra t n nh km.Bi vy ngi ta ngh ra nhiu thit b chng lc,v a
vo p dng rng ri gim lc ngang v lc dc.Cc thit b chng lc hin thng
dng trong thc t l vy bn hng,thit b gim lc v kt ni bn hng.
Tnh chng chm.
Tnh chng chm xc nh kh nng tu vn ni trn mt nc ,
sc ni,tnh n nh v cc c tih hng hi khc trong trng hp mt hay vi khoang
ngp nc.Nu c tai nn xy ra,sc ni d tr l iu kin ch cht gi cho tu vn
ni .Nh c vch kn nc v cc boong phn chia tu thnh mt s bung v khng gian,
gi li sc ni d tr,cho nn ncbin xm nhp vo c gi li trong cc
khoang h hng m khng chy sang cc khoang k bn,
Tnh iu khin
c tnh hng hi cui cng m ta xt ti l tnh iu khin, l
kh nng tu gi hay thay i hng i ty theo nh ca ngi li tu.Tnh iu khin
c hai tnh cht, l n nh hng i v kih nng quay vng. n nh hng i ch r
kh nng tu gi hng nh cn tnh cht sau l kh nng tu thay i hng.Tu
i bin i hi tnh n nh hng i tt trong khi tu i tm ngn li i hi tnh quay
tr tt hn.Ngoi ra, ng knh ln vng ca tu cng nh th tnh quay tr cng
tt. m bo tnh quay tr ca tu,tu c lp thit b li trong bnh li l thnh phn
ch cht.