Lesson 5- Hull Construction(2)

In addition to shell structure, there are bottom structure, side structure, deck
structure, bulkhead structure, bow and stern structure and superstructure, too.
Ship bottom will normally be in two different patterns, single bottom and double
bottom. The double bottom is devised to carry oil and water so as to make full use of
bottom space as well as to lower gravity center, improve on seakeeping performances and
adjust trim and heel through ballast water.
In the bottom structure, the central stringer is a longitudinal member located at the
centreline of bottom from bow to stern, which assures you of the total longitudinal
strength of hull. Side girders are also longitudinal members situated at both sides of the
centreline of bottom, which mainly withstand the total longitudinal bend.
Floor plates play the part of chief transversal members at the bottom, which are
subjected to water pressure and gravity of cargoes and equipment as well as local external
forces. They shoulder the responsibility of transversal and local strength of bottom.
Besides, inner bottom longitudinal and inner bottom plates and the like will also be
adopted for the bottom structures as well.
As it were, the side structures port and starboard are two side walls of hull
symmetrical to each other, and among the side structures leading components are the
frames that bear water pressure and secure the transversal and local strength of hull.
Side structures are subdivided into two models, i. e. the transversal framing and the
longitudinal framing.
With regard to the deck structure, it is made up of deck plates,beams, deck girders,
deck longitudinal, hatch trunks, pillars and other members.

Fig. 5. 1 Hull's main member

In dealing with the deck structure, one thing is very interesting, that is, the arc from
port to starboard is termed as camber while that from bow to stern is called sheer.
Next comes the bulkhead structure which may assume the forms of either plain
plate with stiffeners or corrugated plate. The former is composed of steel plates and
stiffeners while the latter is steel plates pressed into corrugated shape. Bulkheads
employed to prevent oil and water from leakage are put as oil-tight or water-tight
bulkheads respectively. Bulkheads arranged along the ship length are called longitudinal
bulkheads whereas those along the ship width are named transversal bulkheads.
The principal function of bulkheads is to separate the inner space of hull so as to
guarantee vessel floodability and keep fire hazard and poisonous gas from spreading, not
to mention the strength concern.
In respect to the bow structure and stern structure, the former usually denotes the
zone from bow up to 0.15 times of the ship length starting from fore perpendicular to aft,
while the latter indicates the zone after the bulkhead of aft peak.
The external forces exerted on the bow structure include water pressure and wave
impact during voyage while the stern structure endures water pressure, vibration resulting
from propeller operation and wave impact stirred up by propeller.
Furthermore, it is necessary to point out that the adoption of local strengthening is
a common practice for the above two structures.
In the end, we shall come to the superstructure which, as mentioned above, refers
to the hull construction above the upper deck. The typical superstructure only denotes the
construction the two side walls of which, port and starboard, are joined together to side
shell plating. Another kind of superstructure is called deckhouse, the breadth of which is
smaller than ship width and correspondingly whose side walls are not linked to side shell
plating.
In addition, the superstructures at bow, at midship and at stern are respectively
defined as forecastle, bridge and poop. And the term long bridge refers to the bridge the
length of which is larger than 0. 15 times of ship length and the height of which is not to
be less than six times of the headroom between two decks.
New Words and Expressions
1. bottom structure kt cu y
2. side structure kt cu mn
3. deck structure kt cu boong
4. bulkhead structure kt cu vch
5. bow and stern structure kt cu mi v ui
6. single bottom y n
7. double bottom y kp
8. trim n . nghing dc
9. heeln.nghing ngang
10. ballast water nc ba lt
11. stringer n dm dc.
12. member n.thnh phn,b phn
13. the total longitudinal strength sc bn dc tng hp
14. side girder dm mn
15. the total longitudinal bend vic un dc tng hp
16. floor plate tm ngang y

17. inner bottom longitudinal c cu dc y trong

18. inner bottom plate tm y trong
19. frame n.khung
20. transversal framing khung ngang
21. longitudinal framing khung dc
22. deck plate tm y
23. beamn.x ngang boong
24. deck girder dm dc boong
25. deck longitudinal c cu dc boong
26. hatch trunk quy ming hm hng
27. pillar n.ct chng
28. arc n.cung
29. camber n. cong ngang boong
30. sheern. cong dc boong
31.stiffener n.dm gia cng
32. corrugated a .c un sng
33. oil-tight a.kn du
34. longitudinal bulkhead vch dc
35. fire hazard ho hon
36. poisonous gas kh c
37. fore perpendicular ng thng gc mi
38.aft a.adv.n.pha sau
39. aft peak hm nhn pha ui
40. vibrationn .rung ng
41. practice n.thc t
42. deckhousen.bung trn boong
43. forecastlen.thng tng mi
44. bridgen .lu li
45. poopn.thng tng ui
46. long bridge lu li di
47. headroom n . cao gia hai boong
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. so as to (tng t in order to - cho,v d : I always keep fruit in fridge so as to keep
insects off it)
2. make full use of li dng ton b
3. improve on (upon) ci thin
4. assure sb. of sth. bo m vi
5. play the part of ng vai tr
6. as it were c th ni
7. be symmetrical to i xng
8. be subdivided into c chia ra
9. with regard to xt ti
10. take (assume) the form of nhn hnh dng ca

11. keep sth. from ngn chn khi

12. result from do ...nn
13. stir up khch ng ,khu gi
14. point out ch ra
15. in the end cui cng
16. be joined to ni vi
17. be linked to ni vi
BI 5-KT CU THN TU(2)
Ngoi kt cu v,cn c kt cu y,mn,boong vch,mi,ui v kt cu thng
tng.
y tu thng c hai loi,y n v y kp.y kp c to ra ch du v
nc sao cho s dng ht khng gian y cng nh h thp trng tm,ci thin tnh
nng hng hi v iu chnh nghing ngang v dc thng qua nc ba lt.
Trong kt cu y,dm trung tm l mt thnh phn dc nm ti ng tm y
t mi v ui ,m bo sc bn dc tng cng ca thn tu.Nhng dm bn cng l
nhng thnh phn dc nm c hai bn ng dc tm y ,ch yu chu ng s un dc
tng cng
Cc tm y ng vai tr cc thnh phn ngang ch yu y tu ,chu p lc
nc v trng lng ca hng ha v trang b cng nh cc ngoi lc cc b.Chng chu
trch nhim v sc bn ngang v sc bn cc b ca y tu.
Ngoi ra,tm dc y trong v cc tm y trong khc cng c coi l kt cu
y.
Nh ta thy,kt cu mn tri v mn phi l hai thnh bn i xng vi nhau
.v trong kt cu mn ,nhng thnh phn ch cht l nhng khung sn chu p lc nc
cng nh m bo sc bn ngang v sc bn cc b ca thn tu.
Kt cu mn c chia thnh hai kiu, l khung sn ngang v khung dc.
Xt v kt cu boong,n to bi cc tm boong,dm ngang ,sng boong,thanh dc
boong,quy ming hm hng,cc ct chng v cc thnh phn khc.
Hnh 5.1 Thnh phn chnh ca thn tu.
Xt v cu trc boong,mt iu ng ch l cung ni mn tri v mn phi c
gi l ng cong ngang boong,trong khi t mi ti ui th gi l ng cong dc
boong.
Ti y ta xt ti kt cu vch ,n c th l vch phng vi gia cng hay vch
sng.Vch phng gm c cc tm thp phng v nhng thanh gia cng ,trong khi vch
kia l nhng tm thp c p thnh hnh ln sng.Nhng vch dng ngn du v
nc khi d g ln lut c gi l vch kn du v kn nc.Nhng vch chy dc theo
chiu di tu gi l vch dc trong khi vch ngang thn tu gi l vch ngang.
Nhim v ch yu ca vch l phn cch khong khng gian bn trong tu sao cho
m bo c tnh chng chm v ngn cho chy v kh c khng lan ta , l cha ni
ti m bo sc bn.
V kt cu mi v ui,kt cu mi l vng t mi ti 0.15 chiu di tu o t ng
thng gc mi ti ui ,trong khi kt cu ui l vng nm sau vch nhn ui.

Ngoi lc tc dng vo kt cu mi l p lc nc v va p sng trong hnh trnh

trong khi kt cu ui chu p lc nc,dao ng do chn vt v va p sng do chn vt
khuy ng.
Ngoi ra ,cn phi nhn mnh rng vic gia cng cc b ti hai khu vc ni trn l
vic thng phi lm.
Cui cng chng ta ni ti thng tng,nh nhc ti trn, l kt cu thn tu
nm trn boong trn.Thng tng in hnh ch l kt cu m hai thnh bn ca n ,bn
tri v bn phi c ni tip cng vi cc tm tn mn.Mt loi thng tng khc gi l
lu li c chiu rng nh hn chiu rng ca tu v nh vy hai thnh bn ca n khng
ni vi tm mn.
Ngoi ra thng tng ti mi ,gia tu v ui ln lut c tn l thng tng
mi,thng tng gia v thng tng ui .V thut ng thng tng li di l ch thng
tng li c chiu di ln hn 0.15 chiu di tu v chiu cao ca n khng nh hn 6 ln
khong cch gia hai boong