Lesson 12-Marine Diesel Engines (3)

Indeed, a diesel engine is really a very complex and complicated combination of

thousands and thousands of elements. Apart from its various parts, there are also a few
auxiliary systems in a diesel engine. They are as follows:
1.The Fuel Injection System
The fuel injection system, in delivering the liquid fuel to the combustion chamber, must
fulfill the following assignments:
A: To measure the correct quantity of the fuel to be injected.
B: To time the fuel injection.
C: To control the rate of fuel injection.
D: To atomize or break up, fuel into fine particles.
E: To distribute fuel properly in the combustion chamber.
2. The Combustion System
There are three basic models of combustion chambers, namely, direct injection or
open chamber, swirl chamber and pre-combustion chamber.
Whether the engine is a four-stroke one or a two-stroke one is not of radical
significance, but there is in fact less freedom of choice with two-stroke engines because
with the two-stroke cycle it is necessary to maintain a pattern of scavenge flow as well as
a pattern of combustion air movement in the meanwhile. The trouble is that combustion
chambers that produce a very vigorous air movement may disrupt the scavenge pattern
and so a relatively quiescent chamber is to be preferred for two-stroke engines.

Fig. 12.1
3. The Lubrication System

A lubricant often has to perform many duties in any one situation in addition to its
fundamental job of reducing friction and wear. These duties may include acting as a rust
preventative,a coolant, a sealing agent, a hydraulic fluid and a flushing agent to remove
dust and metallic particles.
4. The Cooling System
The purpose of the cooling system is to keep an engine at its most efficient
operating temperature at all speeds and under all driving conditions. Two general types of
cooling systems are often applied, that is, air cooling and liquid cooling.
5 . The Starting System
A diesel engine is not of self-start. In order to start it, the engine crankshaft must
be turned over by some outside means so as to
(a)admit combustion air to the cylinders,
(b)introduce the fuel, and (c)cause the mixture to ignite.
The starting method most commonly used for moderate and large sizes engines is
to store the energy needed to start the engine in some air bottles in the form of
compressed air.
6. The Turbocharger and its Scavenge Box
The more air and fuel we can burn in the cylinders, the more power we can get
from the engine. It's easy enough to put in plenty of fuel, but if we desire the fuel to burn
fully, we've also got to put in more air in proportion. Putting in more air isn't as easy.
To do this, we need a turbocharger, which is simply a kind of air pump to take air
out of the surrounding atmosphere, compress it to a high pressure, and then feed it to the
engine's inlet valves, and which is driven by the heat energy in the exhaust gases, with a
scavenge box as its subordinate unit.
As this is merely a short passage, we are going to leave out the reversing system,
turning gear and maneuvering system.
New words and expressions
l. auxiliary system h thng ph tr
2. inject n .phun
3. time vt. nh thi gian
4.fine a . p,tt
5. particle n .ht,phn t
6. distribute v.phn b
7. open chamber bung h
8. swirl chamber bung xoy lc
9. pre-combustion chamber bung chy trc
10. scavenge flow dng qut
11. scavenge pattern phng cch qut
12. quiescent a .im lm,yn lng
13. lubrication system h thng bi trn
14. lubricant n.cht bi trn
15. wear n .s lm mn
16. rust preventative phng g
17. coolant n .tc nhn lm mt
18. sealing agent tc nhn bt kn

19. hydraulic fluid cht thy lc

20. flushing agent tc nhn thi ra
21. cooling system h thng lm mt
22. starting system h thng khi ng
23. admit v .chp nhn
24. moderate a trung bnh,va phi
25. air bottle chai kh nn
26. compressed air kh nn
27. turbocharger n .tuab
28. scavenge box hp qut
29. reversing system h thng o chiu
30. turning gear c cu lm quay
31. maneuvering system h thng quay tr
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. break up b gy , p vn
2.in the meanwhile trong lc
3. turn over chuyn thnh
4. in the form of di dng
5. put in t vo
6. plenty of nhiu
7. leave out b qun,b st
BI 12-NG C DIESEL TU THY(3)
Thc ra, ng c diesel tht s l mt t hp hon chnh rt phc tp ca hng
nghn,hng nghn chi tit.Ngoi cc b phn,n cn c cc h thng ph , l:
1-H phun nhin liuTrong khi a nhin liu lng vo bung chy,h phun nhin liu phi hon thnh
nhng nhim v sau y:
A-o lng chnh xc nhin liu cn phun,
B-nh gi phun nhin liu
C-Kim tra tc phun;
D-phun nh hay b nh nhin liu thnh cc phn t nh
E-Phn phi nhin liu chnh xc vo bung chy.
2-H thng t chyC ba m hnh bung t c bn, l t trc tip hay bung h,bung xoy lc v
bung t trc.D ng c l bn k hay hai k khng c ngha g c bn ,nhng trn thc
t vi ng c hai th c t t do la chn;bi v vi ng c hai th cn phi duy tr mt kiu
dng qut cng nh mt kiu t chy dng khng kh .Vn trc trc ch bung chy to
ra mt dng kh mnh c th ph hng kiu qut bi vy bung chy tng i tnh th c a
chung hn vi nhng ng c hai th.3-H bi trn.Ngoi nhim v c bn l gim ma st v
mi mn,cht bi trn thng thc hin rt nhiu trong mi tnh hung.Nhng nhim v c
th l phng nga g mn,mt cht lm mt,mt tc nhn bt kn,mt cht thy lc v mt tc
nhn thi ra y bi bm v cc ht kim loi.
4-H thng lm mt

Nhim v ca h lm mt l gi cho ng c ti mi tc v mi iu kin truyn

ng mt nhit khai thc hiu qu nht.Hai h thng lm mt thng dng nht l lm mt
bng khng kh v lm mt bng cht lng.
5-H khi ngng c diesel khng t khi ng c.Mun khi ng n ,trc khuu ca ng c
phi quay c bng mt phng tin bn ngoi no v nh:a)cho khng kh chy vo
xylanh b)cho nhin liu c)to cho hn hp bc chy.Phng php khi ng thng dng nht
cho cc ng c c trung v ln l cha nng lng cn thit khi ng ng c vo trong
cc chai cha khng kh nn.
6-Tuab v Hp QutCng nhiu khng kh v nhin liu chy trong xy lanh , ng c cng pht huy nhiu
nng lng.Np nhiu nhin liu th d dng nhng nu chng ta mun cho nhin liu chy
hon ton ,chng ta cng phi np nhiu khng kh vo theo ng t l.Vic np nhiu khng
kh khng phi d dng. lm vic ,chng ta cn mt ci tuab ,n n gin ch l mt loi
bm khng kh t khng kh xung quanh bn ngoi ,nn li di p sut cao,sau cp cho
ng c qua van np.v tuab ny c dn ng bi nhit nng ca kh x vi mt hp qut
nh l mt trang b ph ca n.
V y ch l mt bi ngn,nn chng ta b qua khng ni ti h thng o chiu ,bnh
rng via my v h thng iu khin