Lesson 13-The Propulsion Plant

The ship propulsion plant denotes the whole plant that transfers to the propeller the
power turned out by main engines.
Marine diesel engines are generally of high rpm, rpm being the short form for
revolution per minute. As far as rpm is concerned, it might be out of your expectation that
if M. E. rpm is too high, the efficiency of a propeller will be reduced on the opposite, for
the propeller rpm of an ocean-going vessel will normally range from 100 to 200.
Therefore, the propulsion plant concerns not only a matter of drive but a problem of the
speed reduction and clutch.
The propulsion plant in practical service nowadays mainly includes the following
types:
1. Direct Drive
With simple and reliable construction, convenient operation, less energy loss during
drive and high propulsion efficiency, direct drive is the most common drive type and has
found a wide application.
In respect of direct drive, the shaft system is directly connected with M. E. thrust
shaft and both of them obtain the same rotating direction. Comparatively speaking, direct
drive is suitable for a lowspeed diesel engine.
2. Gear Drive
The merits of gear drive are as clear as daylight, for M: E. rpm will be free from the
low rpm limitation of a propeller after speed reduction by means of a gear and better

Fig. 13.1
1-flywheel;2-intermediate shaft; 3-stern shaft; 4-propeller
propulsion efficiency can thus be maintained. The only trouble with gear drive is that the
size and weight of a reduction gearbox will inevitably and correspondingly be increased
accompanying the steady increase of M. E. power. As a result of this, its manufacture
process will run into difficulty, since the maximum diameter of a gear for a 35-50 kW
reduction unit may be as large as over 5 meters.

With regard to gear drive, there may be a variety of arrangement patterns, such as
single-screw and single-rudder, twinscrew and twin-rudder, twin-engine incorporation
with one gearbox, etc. With relation to reduction gear, there are also single-stage
reduction, multi-stage reduction and reduction with an astern clutch and so forth.
Generally, warships will adopt the twin-screw and twin-rudder arrangement due to
the limited engine space and the high speed requirement. Another advantage of this
arrangement is that the maneuverability and service ability of a warship will be greatly

Fig. 13. 2
1-clutch; 2-reduction gearbox; 3-gear;4-stern shaft; 5-propeller
raised. For a warship is capable of obtaining a rapid turning ability with the port engine
and starboard engine at ahead and astern positions respectively. Furthermore, if one main
engine should break down, the rest could keep on running.
In the case of applying gear drive to the twin-engine incorporation, a flexible
coupling is to be introduced so as to prevent the gear from the impact due to an uneven
torsional moment. To attain this goal, a coupling of high flexibility will usually be fitted
in the shafting which can absorb or reduce the torsional vibration of the main engine and
shafting as well as compensate the installation errors.
3. CPP Drive
There are two models of propellers at the present time, the fixed pitch propeller and
the controllable pitch propeller. As known to all, Lips is a Holland company famous for
the controllable pitch propeller system, with CPP its short form.
The CPP system has acquired a relative motion, and by this very motion the pitch
can be adjusted to adapt the needs of astern and variation of propeller loads. So any one
knot can, theoretically and actually, be obtained ranging from the max. ahead speed to the
max. astern speed. If the pitch is adjusted to nil position, a vessel can keep station even if the
propeller is turning madly.
In respect of the advantages of a CPP system, we can name the following:
A: Under different working conditions, vessel resistance will correspond with M. E.
rated power by pitch adjustment. Thus, the full power of main engines can be realized with
success.
B: As pointed out above, any one knot may be obtained by pitch adjustment, and in this
way the vessel maneuverability is raised.
C: In the event of astern, it is unnecessary for a main engine to reverse and therefore the
M. E. service life will be prolonged.
D: A minus push can be produced by adjusting the pitch to a minus value, and so the
sliding distance needed for harbouring will be shortened to great extent.

The power patterns for the CPP maneuvering system may be of hand, mechanical,
hydraulic or electrical drive, hydraulic drive being the most common pattern.
New Words and Expressions
1. propulsion plant trang b y tu
2. rpm vng quay
4. revolution n.quay
5. drive n .truyn ng
6. speed reduction gim tc
7. clutch n.b ly hp
8. direct drive truyn ng trc tip
9. propulsion efficiency hiu lc y
10. shaft system h thng trc
11. thrust shaft trc lc y
12. rotating direction chiu quay
13. gear drive truyn ng bnh rng
14. gearn .bnh rng
15. reduction gearbox hp bnh rng gim tc
16. maximum (max.) n.ti a
17. diameter n.ng knh
18. horsepower (hp) n.sc nga
19. reduction unit thit b gim tc
20. single-screw n.chn vt n
21. single-rudder n .bnh li n
22. twin-screw n.hai chn vt
23. twin-rudder n .hai bnh li
24. twin-engine incorporation t hp hai my
25. reduction gear bnh rng gim tc
26. single-stage n .mt cp
27. multi-stage n.nhiu cp
28. reduction with an astern clutch gim tc vi
ly hp pha ui
29. engine space bung my
30. service ability tnh sng cn ca tu,tnh
sinh mng
31. flexible coupling kt ni mm
33. torsional moment m men xon
34. flexibility n.tnh mm do
35. shafting n .ng trc
36. torsional vibration dao ng xon
37. compensate vt.b tr
38. installation error sai s lp t

39. CPP drive truyn ng chn vt bin

bc
40. the fixed pitch propeller chn vt bc c
nh
41. the controllable pitch propeller (CPP)
chn vt bin bc
42. relative motion chuyn ng tng i
43 . adjust v .iu chnh
44. knot n .nt,hi l/gi
45 . nil
n .khng
46. keep station gi ti ch,khng di chuyn
47. working condition iu kin lm vic
48. rated power cng sut danh nh
49 reverse v .o chiu
50. service life tui th s dng
51. prolong ko di
52. minus push lc y m
53. minus value gi tr m
54. sliding distance khong cch trt
55. harbour n. v.cng;vo cng
Verb Phrases and Collocations
l. transfer A to B chuyn A cho B
2. turn out pht huy
3. short form dng tt
4. out of expectation ngoi d kin,ngoi mong i
5. on the opposite ngc li
6. in service a vo phcv , ang lm vic
7. comparatively speaking ni mt cch tng i
8. as clear as daylight sng t nh ban ngy
9. be free from gii thot khi
10. as a result of l kt qu ca
11. run into difficulty gp kh khn
12. with relation to c lin quan vi
13. break down h hng
14. the rest of phn cn li
15. keep on gi
16. in the case of trong trng hp
17. adapt the needs of tho mn nhu cu
18. correspond with tng ng vi
19. point out ch r
20. in the event of trong trng hp
21. to great extent tri rng
BI 13-TRANG B Y TU

Trang b y tu l thit b chuyn cng sut do my chnh pht huy ra ti chn vt . ng c

diesel dng trn tu thng c rpm cao ,trong rpm vit tt bi cc ch revolution per minite
vng quay trong mt pht.Cn v phng din rpm ,c th chng ta khng cn quan tm ti
nu vng quay ca mychnh qu cao th hiu sut ca chn vt s gim v ngc li.;vi tu
bin vng quay chn vt thng nm trong phm vi 100 ti 200. cp ti trang b y khng
ch l vn truyn ng m cn l vic gim tc v ly hp.Hin nay,trang b y trong
thc t s dng ch yu c nhng loi sau y:
1-Truyn ng trc tipVi kt cu n gin v tin cy ,khai thc ph hp, t tiu tn nng lng trong khi truyn
ng v hiu sut y cao,truyn ng trc tip l loi truyn ng thng thng nht v
c p dng rng ri.Xt v truyn ng trc tip,h trc cni trc tip vi trcy ca
my chnh v c hai cng nhn c mt chiu quay.Ni mt cch tng i,truyn ng trc
tip thch hp cho ng c diesel tc thp.
2-Truyn ng bnh rng.
Phm cht tt ca truyn ng bnh rng r nh ban ngy v vng quayca mychnh
c gii phng khi s l thuc vo vng quay thp ca chn vt sau khi c gim tc
bng bnh rng v cthvn duy tr hiu sut y tt hn.Ch c mt trc trc vi truyn ng
bnh rng l kch thc v trng lng ca hp gim tc l khng th trnh khi v kch thc
v trng lng ny s tng ln cng vi vic tng cng sut my chnh.Kt qu l vic ch
to hp s s gp kh khn v ng knh ti a ca bnh rng cho hp gim tc 35-50 kW s
ln hn 5 mt.Xt v truyn ng bnh rng,c mt s kiu b tr,nh loi mt chn vt mt
bnh li,loi hai chn vt hai bnh li,hay hai my kt hp vi cng mt hp s Xt v hp
s,cng c loi gim tc mt cp,nhiu cp v gim tc vi mt ly hp ui .Ni chung,tu
chin chp nhn b tr hai chn vt hai bnh li v khng gian bung my c hn v yu cu tc
cao. Mt u im khc ca vic b tr ny l tnh quay tr v tnh sinh mng ca tu chin
s c tng ln kh ln.Vi tu chin c th lm tu quay nhanh bng cch cho my tri
tin,my phi li .Ngoi ra,nu mt my b h hng th my kia vn tip tc chy.Trong trng
hp t hai my,th dng ly hp mm trnh cho bnh rng khi b va p do m men xon
khng u. t c mc ch ,m ly hp c mm do cao c t trn ng trc
c th hp th hoc gim daong xon ca my chnh v ng trc cng nh b tr cc
sai s khi lp t.
3-Truyn ng CPP
Hin nay c hai kiu chn vt,chn vt bc ccnh v chn vt bin bc.Nh mi
ngi u bit,Lips l mt cng ty H Lan ni ting v chn vt bin bc ,vit tt l CPP.H
thng CPP c mt chuyn ng tng i v chnh bi chuyn ng tng i ,bc chn
vt c th iu chnh cho ph hp vi nhng yu cu chy li v s bin thin ca ti trng
chn vt.V mt l thuyt cng nh thc t,c th t c bt k mt tc mt hi l gi t
tc tin ht cho ti li ht.Nu bc c iu chnh v v tr khng,tu c th vn ng ti
ch trong khi chn vt vn quay nh in.Xt u im ca CPP,chng ta c th nu nhng
im nh sau:
A-Di nhng iu kin lm vic khc nhau,sc cn ca tu s tng ng vi cng sut
danh nh ca my chnh bi vic iu chnh bc.Nh vy c th phy huy ht cng sut ca
my chnh
B-Nh ni trn ,bng cch iu chnh bc c th t c bt k mt hi l gi
tc v nh th tnh quay tr ca tu tng ln.

C-Trong trng hp phi chy li,khng cn t hit phi o chiu my chnh v nh th

tui th ca my chnh s tng ln.
D-Bng cch iu chnh bc v gi tr m,c th to ra sc y m ,v nh th khong
cch trt khi cn cp cng s rt ngn li c rt nhiu. ng lc ca h chn vt bin bc
c th l dng tay,c kh,thy lc hay dng in trong truyn ng thy lc l ph bin nht