Vocabulary

(  ,
 )  

prophet

nabiyyun (anbiyaau, nabiyyuuna)

 ()  

he knew

alima (yalamu) ilman

knowledge; science

ilmun (uluumun)

( )  "# $!

teacher (m)

muallimun (uuna)

('
 () &%  "# $!

teacher (f)

muallimatun (muallimaatun)

he went

dhahaba (yadhhabu) dhahaaban

going

dhahaabun

difficult

Sabun (Siaabun)

he attended

HaDara (yaHDuru) HuDuuran

attendance

HuDuurun

two (m/f)

ithnaani / ithnataani

&% 47
 4

three

thalaathatun

&% # ,2 

four

arbaatun

&% 8
  9

five

khamsatun

six

sittatun

&% #  ;

seven

sabatun

&% 4

eight

thamaaniyatun

&% # 8
<

nine

tisatun

=%/ >
 

ten

('
 @$ ) &% ?$

one hundred

miatun (miaatun)

(C
 D E) A
 B

one thousand

alfun (aalaafun)

( !)   

,*+ () )
 * +
 *+
( #.
) )
 # .

(2!01! ( ) / 0
 1
2 !01!
 634( /  34(

&% 6:;

12

asharatun

(G$ , G ($ )

F $

water

maaun (amwaahun, miyaahun)

very

jiddan

world

('
 (3; K  !3; ) &% 3;

year

sanat (sinuuna, sanawaatun)

0 L

also

ayDan

he sent

baatha (yabathu) bathan

M
% # ,

sending

bathun

(O (I ) O I 

number

counted
2. limited

maduudun (uuna, aatun)

only

faqaT

('
 ( ,  )  B;

sound

saalimun (uuna, aatun)

(  , UT *) S% * 

people, folk

ahlun (ahaalin , uuna)

earth, land, ground

arDun (araaDin, araDuuna)

(Y! ?XO ) &% Q XO

minute

daqeeqatun (daqaaiqu)

('
 ( ,  ) Y XO

precise

daqeequn (uuna, aatun)

('
 () &%  ;

hour

saaatun (saaaatun)

([! ,;) Z
 !; 

week

usbuuun (asaabeeu)

month

shahrun (shuhuurun)

(IH J
(  , ! B( )  B

N #, () M
 # ,

('
 ( ,  ) O !I# $
P
 Q R

( !W2  , V
T (2) V
 2 

(2 !\]! ) / \ ]

1.

13

aalamun (awaalimu, alamuuna)

adadun (adaadun)



 


(^
! 2 (I$ ) &% ; 2 I $
( :L)   L

madrasatun (madaarisu)

school
day

yawmun (ayyaamun)

  B(

today

al-yawma

 _(

now

al-aana

father

abun (aabaaun)

 (,` (

parents

al-abawaani

(=% 9 b K % (9 b) a

 

brother

akhun (ikhwaanun, ikhwatun)

brother-in-law

Hamun (aHmaaun)

mouth

famun (afwaahun)

possessor of (m)

dhuu

B , !+

possessor of (m. pl.)

dhawuu , uuluu

(2 !$) / $ 

matter, affair

amrun (umuurun)

(% !d]! ) % c ]

matter, affair

shanun (shuuunun)

important

dhuu shanin

leaders

uuluu al-amri

possessor of (f)

dhaatu

possessor of (f. pl.)

dhawaatu, uulaatu

('
 (+ ) '
 (+

essence

dhaatun (dhawaatun)

'
 (fgB,

in itself

bidh-dhaati

in Damascus itself

fi dimashqa bidh-dhaati

he himself / she herself

huwa/hiya bidh-dhaati

once upon a time; one day

dhaata yawmin

companion

SaaHibun (aSHaabun, SaHbun)

(
F ,E)  

(
F 1 )  1
(G(R )  R
+

e c ] +
/ $ ` ( B
'
! (+
'
! D  , '
! (+

'
 (fgB, Y >
$ O R
'
 (fgB,  * / *!
T  L '
 (+
()
 h
.
 , h.
) )
 1 .

14

(! h.
) )
! 1 .

possessor of

SaaHibu (aSHaabu)

landlord

SaaHibu al-bayti

those of knowledge

ahl al-ilmi

justice

city

madeenatun (mudunun)

Medina (prop. name)

al-madeenatu

he took

akhadha (yakhudhu) akhdhan

g% 9 

taking

akhdhun

, /W
 (j)  / W


he hit

Daraba (yaDribu) Darban

hitting

Darbun

world (f)

dunya

[ $

with (treat as prep.)

maa

I 3 

with (treat as prep.)

you are right

maaka Haqqun / al-Haqqu maaka

you are wrong

al-Haqqu alayka

daybreak

fajrun

way

sabeelun (subulun)

n
j ( S ; R

in the way of Allah

fi sabeeli allahi

O 7
 B(
3,  / I B( o! , (

a local /
fellow countryman

ibnu al-baladi / abnaau al-bilaadi

Abu Bakr

abu bakrin

like (prep.)

ka

('
 X ) i
 X 

time

waqtun (awqaatun)

(&% 3$ s ) % $s

time

zamaanun (azminatun)

by way of, via

attached/detached pronoun
(gram.)

Dameerun muttaSilun / munfaSilun

i
  B( )
! 1 .
  # B( S *
U% I 
(% I! $! ) &% 3LI$
&3LI B(
(g 9 ( ) g 9 

 / W

 O!

k
 # $ Yl h
 B( / Y 1 k
 # $
k
   Yl h
 B(
/ m
R
(S% !;! ) S% ;

/T p , !,
qr

v  Bb C
 0$! + Y L/t o 
S% x
 y 3 $! / S% x
 6:$! w  W


15

adlun

inda

an Tareeqi



 


D !.! (SxL) S .
 
U% !.!

waSala (yaSilu) wuSuulan

he arrived at
arrival

wuSuulun

at once, immediately

Haalan

night

laylun

(UT B) &%  B

a night

laylatun (layaalin)

&  B(

tonight

al-laylata

7
  B

at night

laylan

2 \

day

nahaarun

(2\

by day

nahaaran

he wrote night and day

kataba layla nahaara

$ L

one day

yawman

7
  X

before, previously

qablan

(I #,

after, later

badan

z
 $ 

yesterday

amsi

writer, author

kaatibun (kuttaabun)

he found

wajada (yajidu) wujuudan

existence; being, presence

wujuudun

he went out (of)

kharaja (yakhruju) khuruujan (min)

exit; going out

khuruujun

(R) / D !9O! ( ) S 9 O

he entered

dakhala (yadkhulu) dukhuulan

(| ) D !9O! ( ) S 9 O

he entered (upon G s.o.), called (on G s.o.)

dakhala (yadkhulu) dukhuulan (alaa)

entry

dukhuulun

emphatic particle

qad / laqad

(| ) & 3* / , , */ ,! (o! * / !L) o * / ,

to prove (s.th)

barhana (yubarhinu) burhaanan,

barhanatan (ala)

&% 3* / ,

proof, proving

barhanatun

to recite bismillah

basmala (yubasmilu) basmalatan

the utterance of bismillah

basmalatun

D 1
S%  B

2 \ S  B )
 6r

( :6r) )
 <r
(O!J! (j) I J 
O !J!
(o $ ) J!/9! ( ) {
 / 9
{
 !/9!

U% !9O!
I Q B / I X

&  8
, (S8
!L) S  8
,
&%  8
,
3H} (ol ~L) o: }
(% !3}) o }
q,

1.

to think, consider G s.o./ * s.th. to be * s.th.

2.
1.
2.

to doubt
opinion
doubt

Dhanna (yaDhunnu) Dhannan

Dhannun (Dhunuunun)

with (prep.)

bi

16

# 3$ () [ 3$

(o $ ) # 3$ () [ 3$
[ 3 $
D (d;! () U c;
(&% @; ) U% (d;!
7
 # J () S # J
S% # J

to deny, refuse G s.o. * s.th.

manaa (yamnau) manan

to prevent G s.o. (from * s.th.)

manaa (yamnau) manan (min)

prevention

manun

to ask G s.o. * s.th.

saala (yasalu) suaalan

question

suaalun (asilatun)

1.

to make

2.

to consider G s.o./ * s.th. to be * s.th.

jaala (yajalu) jalan

making

jalun

yes indeed (after negative question)

balaa

he said * s.th. (to G s.o.)

qaala (yaquulu) qawlan (li)

(U% (X ) U%  X

statement

qawlun (aqwaalun)

S # y B( U  Q B,

by/in word and deed

bi-l-qawli wa-l-fili

he trusted

wathiqa (yathiqu) thiqatan (bi)

trust

thiqatun

to hear

samia (yasmau) saman

to hear (about)

samia (yasmau) saman (bi)

hearing; sense of hearing, audition

samun

ear

samun (asmaaun)

(R) &  2 () )

  2

to desire

raghiba (yarghabu) raghbatan (fi)

(o  ) &  2 () )

  2

not to desire

raghiba (yarghabu) raghbatan (an)

desire

raghbatun (raghabaatun)

to forgive (G s.o.) * s.th.

ghafara (yaghfiru) maghfiratan,

ghufraanan (li)

forgiveness

maghfiratun, ghufraanun

to permit (G s.o.) to do (* s.th.)

adhina (yadhanu) idhnan (li) (bi)

permission

idhnun

God willing (lit. with Allahs permission)

bi-idhni Allah

to take, take away

dhahaba (yadhhabu) dhahaaban (bi)

sin

dhanbun (dhunuubun)

now

al-aana

pronoun

iyyaa

in my opinion

adverbs of place/time

mafuulun fiihi Dharfu

makaanin/zamaanin

situation

Dharfun (Dhuruufun)

|,
(qB) D  X (UQL) U X

(q,) & Q 4 (Y! NL) Y 4

&% Q 4
# ; () [  ;
(q,) # ; () [  ;
[  ;
(Z
 ; ) [  ;

('
  2 ) &%  2
(qB) (/y  , = / y $ (j) / y 
% (/y  , =% / y $
(q,) (qB) +b ()  + 
% + b
n
j (  + ,
(q,) ,*+ () )
 * +
( !+) )
  +
 _(
:Lb
I3 
e $s /e p$ C
! / } v R U% !#y $
(C
 !/}) C
 / }

17

indii



 


S  X

before

qabla

I # ,

after

badaa

  R

over

fawqa

i
 h
<

under

taHta

U  1

around; about

Hawla

U t

throughout

Tuula

direction, grammar

naHwun (anHaaun)

approximately

naHwun min

 h


toward

naHwa

o  W


among

Dimna

between; among

bayna

so so

bayna bayna

from among them

min baynihim

below, without

duuna

M 1

where

Haythu

 1

when

Hiina

once/twice/more than twice

marratan / marratayni / marraatin

= w Nr '
e (:/$

many times (adv.)

marraatin katheeratan

'
e (:/$
 7
 4

three times (adv.)

thalaatha marraatin

Friday

al-jum(u)atu / yawmu al-jum(u)ati

on Friday (adv.)

yawma al-jum(u)ati

Ramadan

ramaDaanu / shahru ramaDaana

hand

yadun (aydin, ayaadin)

at your disposal

taHta yadika

in front of him

bayna yadayhi

subject

mawDuuun (mawaaDiiu)

( ; ) )
 ;

reason, cause

sababun (asbaabun)

(2 !x! ) / x


afternoon; age, era, epoch

place or time of sunset;

west

maghribun (maghaaribu)

Maghrib, northwest Africa

al-maghribu / bilaadu al-maghribi

(
! 2 >$ )
 / >
$

place of sunrise, east

mashriqun (mashaariqu)

\,2 $  V
 2 ` (
 2 >$ R

throughout the world

fi mashaariqi al-arDi wa maghaaribihaa

(
F h )  h

o $  h


o  ,
o  , o  ,
 \ 3 , o $
 !O

'
e (:/$ / o  </: $ / = /: $

& #  m
! B( !  L / &# m
! B(
& #  m
! B(   L
 0$ 2 /! \ ] / 0$ 2
(Oe L , Ie L) I L
 I L i
 h
<
v LI L o  ,
([! W($ ) Z
 !W $

(! 2 $ )  / $
 /  B( O! 7
 , / ! /  B(

18

aSrun (uSuurun)

(
F ] )
F  ]

thing

shayun (ashyaaun)

people

naasun

lord

rabbun (arbaabun)

excellent; good

jayyidun (jiyaadun, uuna / aatun)

other than; not

ghayru

not good

ghayru jayyidin

did anyone else attend?

hal HaDara aHadun ghayruhu

/   ,

without

bighayri

/!   B(

other people

al-ghayru

/!   D

nothing else

laa ghayru

non-existence, lack

something similar

mithlun (amthaalun)

like

mithlu

v N r

like him

kamithlihi

 # ,

some; one

baDun

some people; one person

baDu an-naasi

=%I: 

several, a number of

S r

all; every

kullun

everything

kullu shayin

in any case; in every case

T 1 / i
e X  S" r R

always

fi kulli waqtin / Hiinin

 B#B(
j h  S" r R

all over the world

fi kulli anHaai al-aalami

both and

Kullun min wa

all

jameeun

[! m
 B( / S pB(

everybody

al-kullu / al-jameeu

&% $: 

generality

aammatun

^
 :3B( &:$

the common people /

masses

aammatu an-naasi

6 r / 7
 r

both of (m/f)

kilaa / kiltaa

both x and y

kilaa / kiltaa

which; any

ayyun

anything

ayyu shayin

^
 
( ,2 )  2
('
 E /   , O J ) I J
/!  
Ie J /!  
G! /!   I 1  / 0
 1 S *

 I 
(U% N$ ) S% N$
SN$

^
 :3B(
! # ,

 ] S r
UT 1 S" r |

... ... o $ S r
[ J

... ... o $ S r

 

 ]
l 

19

adamun

iddatun

ala kulli Haalin



 


r ,  r (pL)  r
(% (r ) %  r
% r
:B
$I 3 
z
  B
= 2 !/ .
 (w! x
 L) 2 .
=% 2 !/ .

(! x
!L)  .

(i
! L) '
 ,
k
 ]
p] '
 ,
 !6h
$
$!6h
$ '
 ,
U(L D / U (s $
D (s (i
! Bs! ) (U!L) U (s
U% (s
U (: B( k
! ]

he was

kaana (yakuunu) kawnan, kiyaanan

universe; being

kawnun (akwaanun)

existence

kiyaanun

when (before perfect verb)

lammaa

when (before any verb)

not (before noun sentence)

laysa

to become
2. to come to

Saara (yaSeeru) Sayruuratan

becoming

Sayruuratun

1.

1.
2.

to become
to come to

indamaa

aSbaHa (yuSbiHu)

to spend the night

2. to become
3. to come to

baata (yabeetu)

imminent

washeekun

it has become imminent

baata washeekan

certain

maHtuumun

it has become certain

baata maHtuuman

still

maa zaala / laa yazaalu

to disappear

zaala (yazuulu) (zultu) zawaalan

1.

1.
2.

disappearance
noon

zawaalun

doomed to early ruin

washeeku az-zawaali

 (O $

so long as

maa daama

$ O ( )  (O

To persist

Daama (yaduumu) dauman

(
F 1 )  1

alive

hayyun (aHyaaun)

H1 i
! $ O! $

so long as I am alive

maa dumtu Hayyan

I , () I ,

to begin

badaa (yabdau) badan

20


F I ,
(imperf. verb)

beginning

badun

to begin

Jaala / akhadha

almost, about to

kaada (yakaadu)

(could) hardly

maa kaada / laa yakaadu

hardly when
no sooner than

maa kaada / laa yakaadu +

perfect verb + Hatta + perfect
verb

(I

tomorrow (adv.)

ghadan

g 3$!

since, for; ago (prep.)

mundhu

for a month (past);

2. since a month ago;
3. a month ago

mundhu shahrin

 _( g 3$!

from now onwards

mundhu al-aana

 B( g 3$!

from today onwards

mundhu al-yawmi

j I B( g 3$!

since the beginning

mundhu al-badi

since I was young

mundhu kuntu Sagheeran

period

muddatun

/T \ ] = I: ! B

for a month

limuddati shahrin

C
!  J  S% # R

hollow verb

filun ajwafu

 < S% # R

proper verb

filun taammun

deficient verb

filun naaqiSun

the past (tense)

al-maaDii

last month/year (adv.)

ash-shahra al-maaDiya /
as-sanata al-maaDiyata

the present (tense)

al-Haalu

SQ 68
! B(

the future (tense)

al-mustaqbalu

 r ! ; (

subject of kaana

ismu kaana

 r /! 9

predicate of kaana

khabaru kaana

+ g 9  / S # J
(O! pL) O r

O! pL D / O r $
V
T $ S% # R + O! pL D / O r $
V
T $ S% # R + |:61 +

/T \ ] g 3$!

(w.
 i
! 3 r g 3$!
=% I: $!

 X S% # R
WB(
& W
  B( & 38
: B( /  W
 B( / \ >
: B(
UhB(

1.

21



 


f b

emphatic particle

inna

he said that

qaala inna

generous; noble

kareemun (kiraamun, kuramaau)

muslim

muslimun (uuna,aatun)

(2 !$) / $ 

matter, affair

amrun (umuurun)

(/! $ () / $ 

order, command

amrun (awaamiru)

(
~ ! )  ~

mighty, great

(/pB(
~ #! B(

the high and mighty

al-uDhamaau wa al-kubaraau

(
7
 9 ) Y !9

character, morality

khuluqun (akhlaaqun)

7
 9 ` ( / Y !B( ! / r

noble of character

kareemu al-khuluqi /al-akhlaaqi

Y !B( Y! W


impatient, restless

Dayyiqu al-khuluqi

ethics

he died

maata (yamuutu) mautan

death

mautun

ill

mareeDun (marDaa)

he reached

balagha (yablughu) buluughan

reaching

buluughun

friend

Sadeequn (aSdiqaau)

@m$ (i
! @J ) (
mL)
 J

he came

jaaa (yajeeu) (jitu) majeean

F m$

coming

majeeun

love (for)

Hubbun

qB H1!

out of love for

Hubban li

v fB H1!

for the sake of Allah

Hubban lillahi

he mentioned; remembered
(that)

dhakara (yadhkuru) dhikran

(anna)

mention; remembrance

dhikrun (adhkaarun)

to fear

khaafa (yakhaafu) khawfan

fear

khawfun

out of fear of

khawfan min

... f b U X
(
$/ r K  (/r )  / r
('
 ( , )  8
$!

7
 9 ` ( !  
< $ ('
! !L) '
 $
'
  $
(|W/ $ )
 L/$
!, ( )  ,

% !,
('
 ( /
XI .
) Y LI.


(qB) )
 1!

(f ) (/r+ ( ) / r +

(2 r+ ) / r +
R 9 (C
! L) C
 9
C
  9
... o $ R 9
X! ([! Q L) [ X

1.
2.

to fall
to happen, befall

22

aDheemun (uDhamaau)

ilmu al-akhlaaqi

waqaa (yaqaa) wuquuan

Z
 X!

falling; happening

wuquuun

... f  [! X(B(

the fact is that

al-waaqiu anna

Z
 X!B( & >
9

out of fear of falling

khashyata al-wuquui

clear

waaDiHun (uuna, aatun)

hW(

clearly

waaDiHan

('
 ( ,  )
 O .

truthful

Saadiqun (uuna, aatun)

but

laakinna / walaakinna

f `j

because

lianna

Sf # B

perhaps

laalla

f cr

as if / as though

kaanna

if only

layta / yaa layta

if only I knew

yaa layta shiri

however, but

ghayra anna

despite, even though

maa anna / raghma anna

(considered) as

since

bimaa anna / Haythu anna

life

Hayaatun (Hayawaatun)

biology

doubt

shakkun (shukuukun)

there is no doubt about that

laa shakka fi dhaalika

there is no doubt that

laa shakka anna

harm, detriment

basun

never mind, it doesnt

matter, its all right

laa basa

k
   ^
 c, D

dont worry, dont be afraid

laa basa alaika

... o $ I: ,! D

is necessary, inevitable

laa budda min

equal, (a)like

siyyun

they are both the same to

me

huma siyyaani indi

:; D 

especially

walaa siyyamaa

('
 () =% 2 ]b

indication

ishaaratun (aatun)

= 2 ]j ( ! ; (

demonstrative noun

ismuu al-ishaarati

I rc 6:B( ! D

the laam of emphasis

laamu at-takeedi

('
 ( ,  )  W
 (

o: p B / o: p B

i
  B L / i
  B
/# ] i
  B (L)
f  /  
f    2 / f  [ $
f  |
f  M 1 / f  ,
('
 (1 ) =% 1
= h
 B( !  
( p!]) k
 ]
k
 B+ R k
: ] D
... f  k
: ] D
^
 c,
^
 c, D

 ;
I3   :; *!

23

alaa anna

ilmu al-Hayaati



 


(q,) (2!/$! ('
! 2 / $ ) ( ) /: $

to pass

2 !/$!

passing

$< (i
!   <) (j) : <

to be complete

 <

completion

D } (i
!  } ) () Sf }

to continue to be

U% }

continuing to be

# W ([! 0
 L) [ W
 

To put down

[ W


putting down

(Z
 W ) [ W


circumstance

=
 W K
!W! (d! W
!  L) d W
! 

to be pure

F !W!

purity ; ablution

=%
 W

purity

& ~ Q L (Q L)

 Q L

to wake up

& ~ Q L

wakefulness

(|Bb)
O! , =   O ( ) O

to call (to)

('
 (  O ) =%   O

call

(&%  O )

F O!

prayer

Q, ()  Q ,

to remain

F Q,

remaining

L /J K L/ J (j) /J

to flow

% L/ J

flow

 / J

running

,b () |,

to refuse

F ,b

refusal

& L 2! K L2 (/L) 2

to see

24

(
F (2E)
 2

opinion

(2! ) &% L 2!

seeing; vision, dream

& LX (QL) |X

to protect

&% LX

protection

(3 L) 

to intend

(L  K '
 () &% :

intention

(U% !.) S% .


root, origin

7
.


originally

(wNr

much

S% 9 (O

inside

7
 9 (O

inside (adv.)

v  Bb C
 0$! + S 9 (O

inside (adv.)

S 9 (I: B( o $

from within

{
 2 9

outside; abroad

J29

outside (adv.)

o  J29

outside of, apart from (adv.)

v  Bb C
 0$! +

{
 2 9

outside (adv.)

v  Bb C
 0$!

+  $

in front of (adv.)

v  Bb C
 0$! + U
7
 9
v  Bb C
 0$! +

during (adv.)

 (2

behind (adv.)

 /]

east

X/]

eastward (adv.)

 / 

west

U% ]

north

 !3J

south

  L

right

3L

toward the right (adv.)

25

2 8L

left

7
 ,

without (prep.)

t ( ) )
 t

to seek, ask for

('
 t ) )
 t

request

('
 (1 ) % (1

animal

(2 LO K 2 !O) 2 (O

home (land)

(&%  # t )  #t

food

#L/;

quickly

A
 #: 0
 $! S% # R

doubled verb (gram.)

S 6# $! S% # R

weak verb (gram.)

26



 


(V
 !,!)
  ,

Egg (coll)

bayDun (buyuuDun)

An egg

bayDatun (bayDaatun)

Tree (coll)

shajarun (ashjaarun)

A tree

shajaratun (shajaraatun)

(2 Q, ) / Q ,

Cow (coll)

baqarun (abqaarun)

('
 () =%/ Q ,

A cow

baqaratun (baqaraatun)

 / Q ,

Bovine

baqariyyun

Stone (coll)

Hajarun (aHjaarun)

A stone

Hajaratun (Hajaraatun)

Stony; stone (adj)

Hajariyyun

Age, epoch

aSrun (uSuurun)

 / x


Modern

aSriyyun (uuna, aatun)

&% :L/ x


Modernism

aSriyyatun

Arab

arabiyyun (arabun)

Arabic

arabiyyun

Army

jundun (junuudun)

Soldier

jundiyyun

('
 () &% 0
  ,
(2 m] ) / m
 ]
('
 () =% / m
 ]

(2 m1 ) / m

 1
('
 () =% / m
 1

 / m
 1
(2 !x! ) / x


( /  )  ,/ 
 ,/ 
(O !3J! ) I 3 J!

 I 3 J!

27

The following are relative adjectives and their corresponding adverbs that may be produced from the
vocabulary we have already encountered:

H

selfishly

 

selfish

HR/ 1

literally

 R/ 1

literal

 /  X

lunar

 BJ2

mens, for men

 / \ 

river- (in compounds)

 / h
,

sea (adj.); naval

 ,6r

Jew; Christian
(lit. of the book)

royally

 p $

royal

Hp $
H8 b
H$ 

HW
 2 

 8 b

humanly; humanely

 $ 

maternally

human (adj.); humane,

humanitarian
motherly, maternal

 / x
$

Egyptian

 Q >
$ O

Damascene

 pf $

 X(/

Iraqi

 3 

ocular

 W
 2 

terrestrially

 8
j  ]

Meccan

terrestrial
solar

HB1

at present, currently

 B1

present, current

H"h
 $

locally

 "h
 $

local

H 6J (
HB$

  6J (

socially

 B$

financially

 >
 9

HQ 

 Q 

rationally; intellectually

28

social
financial
wooden
rational; intellectual

H\ J 
H  
H# R

 \ J 

facially

   

scientifically

facial
scientific; of knowledge

actually

 # R

actual, verbal

  r

canine

H B

world-wide (adv),
universally

  B

world-wide (adj), universal

Hx
R

seasonally

 x
R

seasonal

H"r

completely

 "r

complete

H$  L

daily (Adv.)

 $  L

daily (adj.)

H B

nocturnally

  B

HL2 \

HB X
H ; (
HX7
 9  / HQ !9

nocturnal

diurnally

 2 \

diurnal, day-time (adj)

 (1

animal (adj); zoologic(al);

bestial

 <1
 B X

verbally

life- (in compound)

verbal, oral

  r

universal

nominally

  ; (

nominal; noun (adj)

 X7
 9  /  Q !9

ethically

ethical

H#  ;

auditorily

 #  ;

auditory

H# X(

realistically

 # X(

realistic

  X

prior, preceding

 I # ,

latter, following

H9 (O

internally

 9 (O

internal

HJ 2 9

externally

 J 2 9

external

29



 


(  ,  :6r) )
 <r

scribe, writer

('
 ( ,  ) I J (

one who finds

(^
 7
f J! , ^
 !J) z
 BJ

one who sits, sitting

^
 7
f J!

participants in a social gathering

(  ,
7
 Q ! ) S% X

intelligent

&% \ J (

faade, elevation

S%  R

doer

(
F (:/X)
 2 X

reciter

('
 ( ,  )  * R

one who understands, understanding

i
 ?,

stale

('
 ( ,  ) /  .

lowly

('
 ( ,  ) )
 ?

absent

([! $ (J ) [ $ J

comprehensive; mosque

('
 () &% # $ J

university

( 7
f $! ) k
 B$

owner

(
 (:/t)
 2 t

one who knocks; nocturnal visitor

(S?( 1 ) S% ?1

barrier

('
 ( ,  ) 2 s (

carrier (of a burden)

(  ,  !IX)  O X

one who arrives

! O QB( /! \ >
: B(

next month

 O QB( / \ >
: B( R /  O QB( / \ >
: B(

next month (adv.)

30

('
 ( ,  ) )
 * (+

one who goes

(  , 2 0
! 1! ) / W
 1

present; attending

qB / W
 1

prepared, ready for

/! W
 hB(

the present time

/! W
 hB( /! x
# B(

the present age

/ W
 hB( i
 X  B( R / / W
 hB( R

at present

(|Bb) (M(,) M
%  ,

incentive (to); one who sends

g% 9 E

taker

 2 W

one who hits

S% .
 (

one who arrives

( ) S% ?X

speaker

('
 () o ?r

being, creature

'
! 3?pB(

created things

% B,

adult

 O .

truthful

(=%2: $ ,  ) 2 $

one who passes

 <

complete

Z
T (O

caller

... qB   (O D

there is no need for (i.e. not called for)

k
 Bg B   (O D

there is no need for that

&%  (O

propagandist

('
 X, ,  X,)
T ,

one who remains

31

XB(

The Everlasting (God)

('
 L2 J ,  !2J) 2T J

current; one that flows

2mB( /! \ >
: B(

the current month

(=,) T E

one who refuses

(2

one who sees

qB S% ,X

-able

 \ y  B S% ,X

understandable

 ?(O

persisting

?(O

always

+ b

when

(&% p ?7
 $ ) k
 $

angel

7
 Q  (j) S Q 

to reason

: 4

then, after (that)

(
F 9 ) c% 9

mistake

... f  ol ~L

he thinks that

32



 



 

that / to

Df 

that not / not to

qB

in order to

 `j

in order to

7
f @B

in order not to

 r

in order to

7
  r

in order not to

 p B

in order to

7
  p B

in order not to

|:61

so that; until

D |:61

so that not

o B

will never

Df  /   ()
! m
 L) )
 J 

it is necessary/obligatory that
it is necessary/obligatory that you go /

)
 * g <   )
! m
 L

you must go

)
 * g < Df  )
! m
 L

it is necessary that you dont go

)
 * g <   )
! m
 L D

you mustnt go

33

Df  /   (Yl h
 L) Y: 1

it is rightful that

)
 * g <   Yl h
 L

it is rightful that you go

)
 * g < Df  Yl h
 L

it is rightful that you do not go

)
 * g <   Yl h
 L D

it is not rightful that you go

  (o! p  !L) o p $ 

it is possible that

  B( )
 * g L   o! p  !L

it is possible that he will go today

  B( )
 * g L Df  o! p  !L

it is possible that he will not go today

  B( )
 * g L   o! p  !L D

it is not possible that he will go today

('
 ( ,  ) Y ,;

former, previous

Q,;

formerly, previously

Q,;  6p B( (g* '

 / X S *

have you read this book previously?

  Y ;

formerly, previously

 6p B( (g* '

 / X   Y ; S *

have you read this book previously?

 B

did not

:B

did not (but will soon)

qB

let, should

(/ $ () / $ 

to order

(/! $ () / $ 

order, command

34



 


3p; ( ) o p ;

to live

o p ;

dwelling

& ; (2O K ; 2O ( ) ^

 2 O

to study

(^
 !2O! ) ^
 2 O

lesson

('
 () &% ; (2O

study

('
 E K  )
F  ;

bad

Y !B(
 ;

ill natured

('
 E) &% LE

sign

('
 E) &%  B

language

   B

linguistic

( 7
 X )  X

pen

(o 8
! B K &% 38
j B) % 8B

tongue; language

 8B(
! O .

truthful

7
 6 X ( ) S 6X

to kill

S% 6 X

killing

(q,) D !1 ( ) Sf 1

to stay, reside (at a place)

U% !1

residence

(q,) D !! (j) U  

to come down, stay (at a place)

U% !!

descending

S% \ ;

easy

(U% !\;! ) S% \ ;

level soft ground

35

(| ) (/ .
 (j) / .


to be patient

/  .


patience

/  x
: B( SX

impatient

B /  .
 D

I cant bear it! (lit. no patience for me)

I! ?(I]

hardship, difficulty

RX! (A
! Q L) A
 X

to stop

C
 X!

stopping

0X (j) |0X

to judge

F 0X

judgement

(=%0X) V
T X

judge

z
 $ ` ,

recently

Y  $! U% !#y $

absolute object

36



 


('
 ( K  ) U% !\m
$

unknown

& , ( )  

to deputise, represent

&% ,

representation

... o  & ,

in place of

( (:!) )
 ?

deputy, representative

 (:3lB( z
! m
$

parliament
(lit. council of representatives)

(C
 !;! ) A
  ;

sword

... I L / I L |

at the hand(s) of . . .

# , (j) Z
 ,

to sell

(Z
 !,!) [  ,

selling

('
 E) [ $

sale(s)

(verbal noun)

(s.th.) sold

(passive part.)

[ $
(OH 2 ( ) O: 2

to return (s.th.)

(O !O2! ) O 2

return

S # y B( Ol 2

reaction

v # R Ol 2

his reaction

| (OH 2

in reply to

8
 ()  8
j 

to forget

% 8


forgetfulness

('
 ()  8
j 3 $

forgotten

'
 :8
j 3 $

things forgotten

37

& L$2 K  $2 (j) |$2

to throw

 $ 2

throwing

&% L$2

(art of) shooting

(=%$2! ) T (2

marksman

 !6p $

written

('
 ()  !6p $

letter

('
 ( K  ) O !O/ $

returned

('
 ( K  )  ! I $

invited

('
 ( K  ) 2 rg$

mentioned

K (W
2 K W2 K | W2 ()  W
 2
= W/ $

to be pleased

=% W/ $ K % (W
2 K W2 K | W2

pleasure

|W/ B( [! L/;

easy to please

|,   W
 2

whether he likes it or not

|W2 o 

gladly

0X (j) |0X

to judge; to spend (time)

F 0X

judgment

/! $ ` (  0
X

the matter is decided and done with, the

die is cast

v    0
X

he was/is condemned

\   0
X

she was/is condemned

r /< ( )  / <

to leave

 / <

leaving

38



 


 f

to teach

 : r

to create (lit. bring into being)

/ :.


to cause to become

|f.


to pray

S x
 $!

one who prays

O I: J

to renew

:X

to strengthen

/ rf +

to remind

 fr

to speak

)
 <r

to correspond

)
 <p$!

correspondent

I * J

to strive

U  1

to try

&% B h$!

attempt, trying

o L

to see with ones own eyes

% 

(eye)witnessing

 

eyewitness

&% 3L#$!

view(ing), survey(ing)

O: (2

to return

O

to call

z
 BJ

to sit with

39

/ 0
 1 

to bring

O (2

to want

: <

to complete

| 

to give

z
 J 

to make sit

 ; 

to become Muslim

 f# <

to learn

 : p <

to be created; be composed of

O O: / <

to hesitate

|fQ<

to receive

/ rf g <

to remember

 fp <

to speak (a language)

40



 


S <X

To fight (III)

S <Q<

To fight each other (VI)

  

To help (III)

  #<

To cooperate (VI)

: h<

To love one another

(q,) |.(<

To mutually enjoin

/  .


Patience

/ 8
 p  (

To be broken

(o  ) s h (

To isolate o.s. (from)

(|Bb) s h (

To side (with)

: Q  (

To fall

( qB , | ) | (

To be necessary; to behove

A
 >
r (j) A
 >
 r

To uncover

(C
 !>r) A
 >
r

Uncovering

A
 >
 p  (

To be uncovered

A
 >
 6r (

To discover

1 /: B(

The Merciful

g
 <:(

To take up; adopt

(% (2I J! , 2 I! J! ) 2 (IJ

Wall

|O: (

To claim

 X

To erect, establish

[  6J (

To gather

[  6m
$!

Society

41

I \ 6J (

To work hard

S 66X (

To fight one another

 /  W
(

To be agitated

(q,) S x
 <:(

To be connected (to); telephone

(|Bb)
 6] (

To yearn

I: <2 (

To apostasies; retreat

|0<2 (

To be content

/:  1 (

To become red

: 2 s (

To become blue

/: 0
 9 (

To become green

/: y .
(

Too become yellow

O:  ; (

To become black

: , (

To become white

S  # 6; (

To use

S%  # 68
$!

Used; second hand

 Q6; (

To be straight

 Q68
$!

Straight

/:  6; (

To continue

|I 6; (

To summon

/ y # 6; (

To seek forgiveness

o 8
1! ( ) o 8
! 1

To be nice, comely

o 8
h
6; (

To consider s.th. nice

 \ y 6; (

To enquire

Z
 6; (

To be able to

42