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5.111 Principles of Chemical Science: Mit Opencourseware
5.111 Principles of Chemical Science: Mit Opencourseware
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II. P ORBITALS
For any subshell of l = 1, there are three p-orbitals, _____, _____, and _____.
! 22px
!2
2p y
HIGHEST
PROB
Along ___________
POSITIVE
where z is __________
where x is positive
where y is positive
NODAL
PLANE
_______________
= 90
______ plane
= 90
______ plane
= 0
Nodal planes (planes that have no electron density) arise from angular nodes in the
wavefunction.
Angular nodes: values of ______ or ______ at which (and 2) = 0.
Recall from Lecture #6: Radial nodes are values of r at which (and 2) = 0.
In general, an orbital has:
n1
total nodes
RPD
rmp
2s
RPD
0
0
5a0
10a0
n = 3, l = 0
3s
rmp
n = 2, l = 0
5a0
10a0
15a0
20a0
rmp
2p
n = 2, l = 1
1
0
5a0
10a0
n = 3, l = 1
3p
rmp
1
0
5a0
10a0
15a0
20a0
rmp(2p)_______rmp(2s)
RPD
RPD
RPD
rmp
1
0
5a0
10a0
n = 3, l = 2
15a0
20a0
3d
r
_________________
expected
_______________
observed
So we can describe a given orbital using three quantum numbers (n, l, ml) and a given
electron using 4 quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms).
!nlml
describes an ___________
!nlmlms
describes an ___________