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AP Euro Boot Camp 1 - 24 P6
AP Euro Boot Camp 1 - 24 P6
AP European History
Review Exercise #2:
That Confused Tangle Called Reformation Theology
1. I embrace Consubstantiation (the idea that Christ is present in the Eucharist, just not physically present).
__Lutheranism__.
2. I was strongest in Italy, Spain, Poland, France, & Ireland.
_Catholicism_.
3. I say the Eucharist is just a symbol. Nothing else. _Protestantism_.
4. My main geographic area is Scotland. _Calvinism_.
5. I contend that good works may or may not be evidence of justification. ________________________.
6. I say only priests may interpret the Scripture. __Catholicism__.
7. I originally embraced Communion, Baptism, & Penance as my Sacraments, but later dropped Penance from
the list. __Lutheranism__.
8. I stick with seven Sacraments in all. __Catholicism__.
9. Most of my followers are in northern Germany & Scandinavia. __Protestantism__.
10. I hold with Transubstantiation, and that means that Christ is actually physically present in the Eucharist.
__Anglicanism__.
11. I have only one Sacrament (the Lords Supper) and thats it. _Anabaptism_.
12. The King and the Church Hierarchy are my rulers. __Catholicism__.
AP European History
Review Exercise #3:
Ruling Merry Old England, 1485 1901
1485 1509 King Henry VII Ended the War of the Roses, and united the houses of York and Lancaster
1509 1547 King Henry VIII Breaks ties with the Catholic Church and establishes the Church of England
1547 1553 King Edward VI The First Book of Common Prayer is introduced
1553 1558 Queen Mary I Catholicism is reestablished, followed by the persecution of Protestants
1558 1603 Queen Elizabeth I The Protestant Church of England is reestablished, the Spanish armada is
defeated, and Sir Walter Raleigh establishes the first American colony, Virginia, after his Virgin Queen
1603 1625 King James I Catholic dissidents attempt to blow up King and Parliament in the Gunpowder plot,
are executed
1625 1649 King Charles I Act of Toleration allows religious toleration, Civil war breaks out, Charles
executed
1649 1658 Oliver Cromwell made himself virtual king out of the English Civil War, took control of
parliament and nobility, failed to leave a strong government
1658 1660 Richard Cromwell son of Oliver Cromwell, forced to resign
1660 1685 - King Charles II Rump Parliament restored, Habeas Corpus established
1685 1688 King James II attempts to restore Catholicism to England, creates discontent
1689 1702 King William II and Queen Mary II- Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, limiting royal power
1702 1714 Queen Anne England declares war on France in the War of Spanish Succession, and wins
1714 1727 King George I Robert Walpole effectively becomes the first Prime Minister
1727 1760 King George II The War of Austrian succession breaks out in Europe, Britain goes to war with
France in the Seven Years War
1760 1820 King George III The American Revolution breaks out, American independence is eventually
recognized
1820 1830 King George IV Police force established, Catholic Relief Act allows Catholics to become
members of parliament
1830 1837 King William IV First Reform Act passed, slavery abolished, Factory Act passed
1837 1901 Queen Victoria Crimean War fought by France and Britain against Russia, education made
compulsory, Second and Third Reform Acts passed, secret voting is introduced for elections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Dates of Reign
1515-1547
1547-1559
1559-1560
1560-1574
1574-1589
1589-1610
1610-1643
1643-1715
1715-1774
1774-1792
1792-1795
1795-1799
1799-1804
1804-1814
1814-1824
1824-1830
French Kings
Name of Ruler
Important Facts About them/Their Reign
Francis I
patron of renaissance art
concordat of Bologna
Henry II
Ended the Italian Wars
Francis II
Married Mary Stuart to gain Scottish lands
Charles IX
Allowed the St. Bartholomews day massacre
Henry III
last of the Valois dynasty and fought in the War
of the Three Henrys out of religious conflict
House of Velois to Bourbon
Henry IV
War of Three Henrys
Edict of Nantes
Louis XIII
Cardinal Kichelied support by centralization of
power & opposition to Habsburgs
Louis XIV
absolutist monarch
created palace of Versailles
Louis XV
relied on cardinal fleury
lost the Seven Years War
Louis XVI
Weak King who was executed in the French
revolution for his incompetence
Monarchy to Republic
National Convention
First French assembly elected by universal male
suffrage
created the first French Republic
Directory
Gained lands in Austria
put Napoleon in a position for a coup d'etat
Republic to Empire
Napoleon Bonaparte
overthrew directory and replaced it with the
consulate: established Abby Sieyes and
Napoleon Bonaparte as consuls
Emperor Napoleon I
first emperor of France
established the Napoleonic Code: influencing
various civil law jurisdictions
Lead France in the Napoleonic Wars
Empire to House of Bourbon
Louis XVIII
ruled the Bourbon regime as a constitutional
monarchy
royal rule undermined by Charter of 1814
Charles X
rule ended in July Revolution
granted greater power to the clergy
death penalty was established for certain
sacrileges
House of Bourbon to Orleans
1830-1848
o Louis Philippe
reign known as July Monarchy after July Revolution. Became unpopular and forced
to abdicate
House of Orleans to Second Republic
1852-1870
o (Louis) Napoleon III
ruled an authoritarian regime with economic expansion
reconstructed Paris
Granted liberal policies for the working class (such as the right to strike)
Lost in the Franco-Prussian War
Prussian kings
1640-1688
o Frederick William the Great Elector
restored Hohenzollern dominions after Thirty Years War; acquired sovereignty over
Prussia
1688-1701
o Frederick I
convinced Leopold (archduke of Russia/HRE) to allow Prussia to be ruled as
kingdom
1701-1713
o Frederick I (under title of King of Prussia)
upgraded to royalty; first king of prussia; sovereign prince of Principality of Neuchatel
1713-1740
o Frederick William I The Soldier King
increased army to 80,000 warriors; reformed tax systems with militaristic feel;
established absolutism
1740-1786
o Frederick the Great
one of greatest Enlightened Despots; absolute ruler; first servant of the state
1786-1797
o Frederick William II
joined European coalition in support of Louis XVI; made peace w/ French at Basel
(1795)
1797-1840
o Frederick William III
aimed to maintain neutrality - Napoleonic Wars; defeat by French at a Jena + Treaty
of Tilsit (1807) made Prussia French Vassal
1840-1861
o Frederick William IV
romanticist/mystic; reform based on medieval structural revival; dissolved constituent
society
1861-1871
o William I (king of Prussia)
appointed otto von bismarck as prime minister
1871-1888
o William I (king of Germany)
prime minister - otto von bismarck; Austro-Prussian war; commanded FrancoPrussian war; receiving surrender of Napoleon III at Sedan
1888
o
Frederick III
married Victoria of England; military commander (Franco-Prussian War); died of
throat cancer
1888-1918
o William II
removed bismarck from being chancellor
Rise of Hohenzollerns:
o reversed process of civic decentralization; particularism; used military to achieve national
consolidation
Fall of Hohenzollerns:
o German defeat - WWI, German Revolution; overthrown for Weimar Republic (ended
German Monarchy)
AP European History
Review Exercise #7:
Holy & Not-So-Holy Roman Emperors,
The Rulers of Austria (1519-1919)
Dates of
Reign
Name of Ruler
1519-1556 Charles V
1711-1740 Charles IV
Pragmatic sanction was issued as a result of the failure to produce a male heir
1765-1790 Joseph II
An enlightened despot of the Holy Roman empire, who was also the brother
of Marie Antoinette. His co-regent was his mother Maria Theresa as he
implemented enlightenment reforms of equality and education such as;
abolishment of serfdom, religious toleration, liberty of the press etc.
Upon the defeat of Austria in the Austro-Prussian War 1866, Austria decided
to combine lands with Hungary under the Compromise of 1867 which
became known as the Austria-Hungary Empire.
1916-1919 Charles I
Near the end of his reign, the whole Austria-Hungary empire collapsed after
the defeat in WWI.
AP European History
Review Exercise #9:
Fun With Dates, Part One
Match the event on the left with one of the dates on the right
1. Invention of Moveable Type by Johann Gutenberg
1450
1517
1588
1776
1453
1859
1852
1830
1867
1572
1660
1648
1521
1589
1527
1492
1555
1804
1688
1772
AP European History
Review Exercise #10:
Fun With Dates, First Half of the 20th Century Edition
Event
Year
1. Joseph Stalin dies
1953
1972
1968
1956
1978
1982
1981
1961
1991
1985
1952
1999
1990
1986
1989
1957
1979
1974
1955
1994
10
AP European History
Review Exercise #11:
Fun With Dates, First Half of the 20th Century Edition
Event
Year
1. Russian Czar Nicholas II and His Family are
1918
Killed.
2. Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.
1925
1916
1902
1920
1938
1914
8. Battle of Stalingrad
1942
1939
1921
11. D-Day
1944
1946
1936
1948
1943
1901
1919
1933
1917
1922
11
Author Name
Marsigilio de Padua
Thomas Kempis
Erasmus of
Rotterdam
Niccolo Machiavelli
Martin Luther
Baldassare
Castiglione
John Calvin
Ignatius of Loyola
Michel de Montaigne
Francis Bacon
Ren Descartes
Thomas Hobbes
Isaac Newton
John Locke
AP European History
Review Exercise #12:
Authors, Authors, Authors Part One
Title
Main Ideas
Defensor Pacis
Laid the foundations of modern doctrines of
sovereignty. He argued against the power of the church
and favored a secular state.
The Imitation of
A Christian manual of devotion that helps with the
Christ
pursuit of holiness and communion with God.
The Praise of Folly
A satirical work where Erasmus examines the pious
abuses of Catholic doctrine and corrupt practices/
The Prince
A treatise on political power as a way to maintain order
and how a ruler should behave when he is ruling.
Appeal to the
A call to German princes to overthrow the papacy in
Christian Nobility of Germany and establish a reformed German church.
the German Nation
The Book of the
Describes the three basic attributes of the perfect
Courtier
courtier in the 16th century. It became a fundamental
handbook for European aristocrats.
Institute of the
A synthesis of Protestant thought. It attacks teachings
Christian Religion
that Calvin thought was unorthodox and describes the
teachings of Protestant faith.
Spiritual Exercises
Sets of Christian meditations divided into four weeks
throughout thirty days to encourage people to follow
Jesus.
Essays
Investigates topics of happiness, names, solitude, and
others. De Montaigne explores the rule of appearances
and the loss of connection with the truth of being.
Novum Organum
Describes Bacons new system of logic- the Baconian
method with the use of inductive reasoning.
Discourse on
Describes Descartes new system, the deductive method.
Method
He explains how to use this method to answer the
question of how something works.
Leviathan
A political treatise where Hobbes argues that social
unity can be achieved forming a commonwealth that is
placed in the power of an absolute ruler.
Principia
Spells out the mathematical proof of his universal law
Mathematica
of gravitation. It defines the basic concept of the three
laws of motion.
Essay Concerning
Argues against Ren Descartess belief in innate ideas
Human
and proposes the idea that every person was born with
Understanding
tabula rasa, or a blank mind. States that people are
molded by their environment.
12
AP European History
Review Exercise #13:
Authors, Authors, Authors Part Two
Author Name
John Locke
Title
Second Treatise on
Government
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
1. Discourse on the
Origins of the Inequalities
of Mankind
2. The Social Contract
Adam Smith
Edward Gibbon
Immanuel Kant
Edmund Burke
Mary Wollstonecraft
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
Auguste Comte
Reflections on the
Revolution in France
Vindication of the Rights
of Women
Essay on the Principles of
Population
Principles of Political
Economy
System of Positive
Philosophy
Charles Darwin
Hitler
Mein Kampf
Jean-Paul Sartre
AP European History
Review Exercise #14:
Britain from 1945 to Sometime Around Now
Dates in
Office
1945-1951
1951-1955
Winston Churchill/
Conservative
1955-1957
Anthony Eden/
Conservative
1957-1963
Harold MacMillan/
Conservative
1963-1964
Alec Douglas-Home/
Conservative
1964-1970
Harold Wilson/
Labour
1970-1974
Edward Heath/
Conservative
Harold Wilson/
Labour
1974-1976
Clement Attlee/
Labour
1976-1979
James Callaghan/
Labour
1979-1990
Margaret Thatcher/
Conservative
1990-1997
John Major/
Conservative
Tony Blair/
Labour
1997-2007
AP European History
Review Exercise #15:
Germany from 1945 to Sometime Around Now
Dates in
Office
1949-1963
Name of
Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer
1963-1966
Ludwig Erhard
1966-1969
Kurt Georg
Kiesinger
1969-1974
Willy Brandt
1974-1982
Helmut Schmidt
1982-1998
Helmut Kohl
1998-2005
Gerhard Schrder
2006-
Angela Merkel
Dates In Office
AP European History
Review Exercise #16:
France from 1945 to Sometime Around Now
Name of President
A Must-Know Fact About Them/Their
Administration
He was a socialist and a French politician who served
as the first president of the French Republic.
1947-1954
Vincent Auriol
1954-1959
1959-1969
Charles De Gaulle
1969-1974
Georges Pompidou
1974-1981
1981-1995
Francois itterrand
1995-2007
Jacques Chirac
AP European History
Name
Peace of
Augsburg
Peace of
Westphalia
Peace of
Utrecht
Treaty of
Aix-LaChapelle
Peace of
Paris
Year
1555
Who?
1) Charles V
2) Schmalkadic League
3) Lutheran Princes
What?
A treaty that created the
distinction between
Catholicism and
Protestant
Churches.
1648
A collection of treaties
that ended the Thirty
Years War.
1713
1) Britain
2) Philip V
3) United provinces
4) Holy Roman Emperor
5) Prussia
6) France
7) Spain
1) Great Britain
2) France
3) Dutch Republic
1784
1783
Terms
It divided Germany
between Lutheran and
Catholic areas, and
allowed the individual
rulers to choose the
religion.
France, Sweden,
Brandenburg, and
Bavaria gained new
territories, while Saxony
kept Lusatia.
It placed an end to
French expansion and
aided the rise of the
British Empire.
Austria recognized
Frederick II of Prussias
conquest of Silesia, and
gave territories to Spain.
Maria Theresa
succeeded the Duchy of
Parma. France withdrew
from the Netherlands.
Britain lost 13 colonies
in America, and
recognized American
independence. U.S
boundaries were also
established and fishing
Present)
Austria- Metternich
France- Talleyrand
Great Britain- Castlereagh
Prussia- Prince Von
Hardenberg
Russia- Alexander I
Germany-Bismarck,
Wilhelm II
Austria- Archduke, Franz
Ferdinand
Italy
America (U.S)- Woodrow
Wilson
Great Britain
France- George Clemenceau
Russia
AP European History
Review Exercise #19:
A Couple of Things in British History to Know About
The Corn Laws
Act of Union
Balfour
Declaration
Enclosure Acts
Began in 1815
English law that prohibits the importation of foreign grain
Domestic grain became more expensive for lower classes
Result = Anti-Corn Law League emerged to help the workers by lowering prices
1848- Corn Laws were repealed
1688-1689
William of Orange and Mary (James IIs daughter) became Englands new
monarchs with almost no blood shed
Set England on path towards a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary
democracy
1917
British document written by Arthur Balfour
Approved of Palestine being the home of Jews
Many Jews agreed but Arab Palestinians did not
Led Jewish community in Britain and America to believe that Britain would
support creation of Jewish state in Middle East
1750-1860
Series of parliamentary acts
Required that private lands be fenced off from common lands
Through parliament, mercantile and industrial interests enacted these laws to
promote commercial agriculture and laissez-faire policies to protect private
property.
1534
Completed the break of the Church of England with Rome
Parliament declared Henry VIII as head of Catholic Church in England
English monarchy now controlled the Church in all matters of doctrine, clerical
appointments, and discipline
AP European History
Review Exercise #20
A Few Modern Philosophers of Note
Philosopher
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Main Idea(s)
1889-1951
Major 20th century analytic philosopher
Work important especially for the philosophies of language
1844-1900
Believed that Western bourgeois society was decadent and incapable of any real
cultural activity, primarily because of its excessive emphasis on the rational
faculty at the expense of emotions, passions, and instincts
Philosophy of superman, the superior man, who justifies the existence of the
human race
Friedrich Nietzsche
Soren Kierkegaard
1813-1855
Prolific writer during the Danish golden age of intellectual and artistic
activities
Considered to be the Father of Existentialism for his mixture of discourses to
bear a social critique and for the social purpose of renewing Christian faith
within Christendom
1724-1804
Started the beginning point of existentialism with Albert Camus with the thought
of the absence of God in the universe
Death of God, though tragic, meant that humans have no preordained destiny
and were utterly alone in the universe with no future and no hope
Immanuel Kant
Arthur Schopenhauer
1724-1804
German philosopher who defined the Enlightenment as mans leaving his selfcaused immaturity
Motto of the Enlightenment = Dare to know!
1788-1860
19th century philosopher
Claimed that at its core, the universe is not a rational place
Said that in the face of a world filled with endless strife, we ought minimize our
natural desires for the sake of achieving a more tranquil frame of mind
AP European History
Review Exercise #21:
A Few More Philosophers of Note
Philosopher
Rene Descartes
John Locke
David Hume
Main Idea(s)
1596-1650
Father of analytical geometry
During Scientific Revolution
Laid foundation of rationalism 17th century
I think therefore I am
1632-1704
Father of classical Liberalism
Believed in humans natural rights to life, liberty, and property
Explained the principle of checks and balances to limit government power and
favored representative government and a rule of law while denouncing tyranny
1711-1776
Scottish 18th century philosopher known especially for empiricism and
skepticism
Author of A Treatise of Human Nature (1739) in which he strove to create a total
naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human
nature
Baruch Spinoza
1632-1677
Dutch 18th century philosopher
Known for Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological principles with elements
Jeremy Bentham
Thomas Hobbes
from ancient Stoicism and medieval Jewish rationalism into an original system
Naturalistic view on God, the world, the human being, and knowledge = ground
a moral philosophy centered on the control of the passions leading to virtue and
happiness
1748-1832
British philosopher and social reformer
Known as the founder of modern utilitarianism- evaluates actions based on their
consequences [overall happiness created for everyone affected by the action]
Developed ethical theory grounded in a largely empiricist account of human
nature
1588-1679
English philosopher best known for political thought
Author of Leviathan which argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute
sovereign; the war of all against all could only be avoided by strong undivided
government
AP European History
Review Exercise #22
Some Real Enlightened Guys
Philosophe
Voltaire
J.J. Rousseau
Condorcet
Thomas Paine
Diderot
DHolbach
AP European History
Review Exercise #23
A Few Wars to Know Along to Way
Name of War (& Years)
Thirty Years War
(1618-1648)
Belligerents
France
Sweden
Austria
Denmark
Russia
England
Brandenburg-Prussia
Holy Roman Empire
Spain
France
England
Austria
German States
Austria
Prussia
France
Spain
Great Britain
Must-Know Facts
-The Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, sparked
rebellion among Protestants
-Religious conflict between the Catholic Habsburg
and Protestant princes
-The Edict of Restitution was issued, forbidding
Calvinist worship and restored lost lands to
Catholics
-Primarily fought on German soil (Germany did not
exist yet)
-Resulted in the Peace of Westphalia and allowed
more religious toleration
-Increased separation of state and church
-Charles II, King of Spain, left his throne to Louis
XIVs grandson
-Allowed France to gain more power
-Other countries (ex. England, Austria, German
States) opposed this
-Resulted in the Peace of Utrecht: Phillip V became
King and Spain and France remained separate
-Was caused after the Pragmatic Sanction was
ignored after Charles VIs death
-Maria Theresa on the throne caused France to enter
war with Austria
-Fighting spread across the world
France
Austria
Russia
Prussia
England
AP European History
Review Exercise #24:
Ruling Mother Russia, 1533-1917
Dates of Reign
Name of Ruler
1533-1584
1584-1598
1598-1605
Boris Godunov
1613-1645
Michael Romanov
1645-1676
Alexis I
1682-1725
1741-1762
Elizabeth
1762
Peter III
1762-1796
1801-1825
Alexander I
1825-1855
Nicholas I
1855-1881
Alexander II
1881-1894
Alexander III
1894-1917
Nicholas II