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Age hardening A strengthening mechanism

that relies on a sequence of solid-state phase
transformations
in generating a dispersion of ultra-fine particles
of a second phase. Age hardening is a
form of dispersion strengthening. Also called
precipitation hardening .
Dispersed phase A solid phase that forms from
the original matrix phase when the solubility limit
is exceeded.
Dispersion strengthening Increasing the
strength of a material by forming more than one
phase. By proper control of the size, shape,
amount, and individual properties of the phases,
excellent
combinations of properties can be obtained.
Eutectic A three-phase invariant reaction in
which one liquid phase solidifies to produce two
solid
phases.
Eutectic microconstituent A characteristic
mixture of two phases formed as a result of the
eutectic reaction.
Eutectoid A three-phase invariant reaction in
which one solid phase transforms to two different
solid phases.
Hyper- A prefix indicating that the composition
of an alloy is more than the composition at which

a three-phase reaction occurs.

Hypereutectic alloy An alloy composition
between that of the right-hand end of the tie line
defining the eutectic reaction and the eutectic
composition.
Hypo- A prefix indicating that the composition of
an alloy is less than the composition at which a
three-phase reaction occurs.
Hypoeutectic alloy An alloy composition
between that of the left-hand end of the tie line
defining
the eutectic reaction and the eutectic
composition.
Interlamellar spacing The distance between
the center of a lamella or plate of one phase and
the center of the adjacent lamella or plate of the
same phase.
Intermediate solid solution A
nonstoichiometric intermetallic compound
displaying a range
of compositions.
Intermetallic compound A compound formed
of two or more metals that has its own unique
composition, structure, and properties.
Interphase interface The boundary between
two phases in a microstructure. In metallic
materials,
this boundary resists dislocation motion and
provides dispersion strengthening and
precipitation
hardening.
Isopleth A line on a phase diagram that shows
constant chemical composition.

Isoplethal study Determination of reactions and

microstructural changes that are expected while
studying a particular chemical composition in a
system.
Lamella A thin plate of a phase that forms
during certain three-phase reactions, such as the
eutectic
or eutectoid.
Matrix The continuous solid phase in a complex
microstructure. Solid dispersed phase particles
may form within the matrix.
Metastable miscibility gap A miscibility gap
that extends below the liquidus or exists
completely
below the liquidus. Two liquids that are
immiscible continue to exist as liquids and
remain
unmixed. These systems form the basis for
Vycor and Pyrex glasses.
Microconstituent A phase or mixture of phases
in an alloy that has a distinct appearance.
Frequently, we describe a microstructure in terms
of the microconstituents rather than the actual
phases.
Miscibility gap A region in a phase diagram in
which two phases, with essentially the same
structure,
do not mix, or have no solubility in one another.
Modification Addition of alloying elements, such
as sodium or strontium, which change the
microstructure of the eutectic microconstituent in
aluminum-silicon alloys.

Monotectic A three-phase reaction in which one

liquid transforms to a solid and a second liquid
on cooling.
Nanowires are cylinders or wires of material
with diameters on the order of 10 to 100 nm.
Nonstoichiometric intermetallic compound
A phase formed by the combination of two
components into a compound having a structure
and properties different from either component.
The nonstoichiometric compound has a variable
ratio of the components present in the compound
(see also intermediate solid solution).
Peritectic A three-phase reaction in which a
solid and a liquid combine to produce a second
solid
on cooling.
Precipitate A solid phase that forms from the
original matrix phase when the solubility limit is
exceeded. We often use the term precipitate, as
opposed to dispersed phase particles, for alloys
formed by precipitation or age hardening. In most
cases, we try to control the formation of the
precipitate
second phase particles to produce the optimum
dispersion strengthening or age hardening.
(Also called the dispersed phase.)
Precipitation hardening A strengthening
mechanism that relies on a sequence of solidstate
phase transformations in generating a dispersion
of ultra-fine precipitates of a second phase
(Chapter 12). It is a form of dispersion
strengthening. Also called age hardening.

Primary microconstituent The

microconstituent that forms before the start of a
three-phase
reaction. Also called the proeutectic
microconstituent.
Solvus A solubility curve that separates a single
solid-phase region from a two solid-phase region
in the phase diagram.
Stoichiometric intermetallic compound A
phase formed by the combination of two
components
into a compound having a structure and
properties different from either component.
The stoichiometric intermetallic compound has a
fixed ratio of the components present in the
compound.