Underwater Camera Maintenance

By Jeff Mullins
Maintenance is one of the duties that almost every underwater photographer
wishes they didnt have to do. However, its the very people that dont do it that
are the ones that will sooner or later suffer a problem with their equipment.
If done correctly maintenance is just a minor inconvenience before or after a
dive, but if ignored it can lead to a catastrophic flood. Housing floods, for those
readers that havent suffered one yet, are what turns the most positive thinking
underwater photographer, into a dribbling, incoherent state of depression.
Youve probably seen one of these flood victims on at least one of your previous
dive trips. Its that person sitting in the corner nursing a salty camera and
mumbling about O rings to anyone that comes within earshot. Everyone avoids
that person, and with good reason; as the latest studies clearly show that
camera floods are highly contagious.
So what can you do to increase the life of your housing and minimize the chance
of becoming another flood victim?
By following these simple maintenance steps you will go a long-way towards
extending the life of your housing and preventing a lethal dose of this deadly
disease.
Housing Maintenance falls into three distinct categories:
1. Pre-Dive Maintenance involves small checks and cleaning prior to a dive.
These are simple, easy to conduct procedures that are carried-out while you
assemble your camera equipment. It will probably take between 1-5 minutes
depending on the complexity of your equipment.
2. Post-Dive Maintenance is carried-out while stripping down your camera gear
for storage, usually once you are at home, and will take between 5-10 minutes.
3. Long Term Maintenance is usually carried out annually or bi-annually and is
best carried-out by the equipment manufacturer or their service agent.
Pre-Dive Maintenance
Post-Dive Maintenance is performed while you assemble your equipment before
a dive. Its preferable to do this at home or in your hotel room, not on a rocking
and rolling dive boat or on a sandy beach.
If you are in a hot humid country, try to assemble your camera/housing in an
air conditioned room, preferably with the camera removed from the housing

overnight and the housing kept open overnight. This way both the camera and
housing are in the driest (least humid) condition when being assembled. Dont
take the camera or housing outside until its fully assembled, as the camera will
fog-up almost immediately upon exposure to the warmer/humid air outside of
the air conditioned room.
If you are in a cooler/dryer climate, then assemble your camera & housing
inside, away from dust and sand.
For most housings, the Main Body (rear door) O Ring should already be
removed from your housing (see Post Dive Maintenance below). If it isnt, then
remove it now for cleaning, prior to assembly.

Hold the O Ring with your left hand and then by pushing with a tissue in your
right hand, the O Ring will generally then become loose in the groove.

once it has loosened enough, lift the O Ring from its groove.

This is a close-up photo of the O Ring in my friends housing after only one dive
in a sandy area. This O Ring has to be removed, cleaned and then re-lubed
before using the housing.
Clean the O Ring groove in the housing rear door and in the front port (if
fitted with a removable port) by wiping it with a piece of clean tissue paper, lens
paper or microfiber cloth. Push the tissue into the groove, so it forms the square
shape of the groove.

Clean the housing O Ring groove with a clean tissue

Now, in one continuous motion, wipe around the entire groove until the entire
circumference has been wiped.

Push the tissue firmly into the O Ring groove in one continuous motion around
the entire circumference
Remove the tissue and check for any pieces of tissue that may have remained in
the groove. Also look for dust particles, hair, or any other foreign material that
may interfere with the O Ring sealing.
Give the O ring (or O rings if there are more than one) a wipe with another
clean tissue. Dont stretch the O Ring, just wipe it to make sure no large
particles, hairs or other foreign material are stuck to it.

Wrap the O Ring in tissue and pull the O Ring through the tissue. This wipes
the O Ring clean as it passes through the tissue.

Look what came off this particular O Ring - lots of black sand!
Apply a small amount of the O ring grease supplied with your housing to the
main body O ring(s). Use just enough grease to make the O ring(s) shiny NOT
so much that there are visible lumps of grease It is possible to over-grease the
O-ring!

Use the correct O Ring grease supplied with your particular housing
At the same time you are applying the O Ring grease, feel the O Ring for nicks,
cuts or sand particles. Its amazing how much your fingers can feel when lubing
the O Ring. If you feel any imperfections, check them out with a magnifier
before installing the O Ring. If in doubt replace it first-- O Rings are very cheap
in comparison to flooded cameras or strobes!

Install the camera in the housing, checking that it is seated correctly.

If your camera set-up uses the cameras internal flash for lighting or if it uses
the cameras internal flash to fire an external strobe, then you need to install a
Desiccant Pack inside of the housing before closing it.

Dessicant Packs absorb moisture, they come in various shapes and sizes. Find
a brand that fits easily into your housing.

This will save your camera from premature failure due to moisture forming inside
the housing. When the internal strobe fires underwater it releases a lot of heat
into the confined space of the housing. This heat causes moisture from the
trapped air in the housing to condense on the camera and inside of the housing.
The Desiccant Pack will help absorb most of this condensation. (The Desiccant
Pack can later be heated in an oven to remove the condensation for re-use).
Make sure the Desiccant Pack is not interfering with the O ring sealing
surface as you close the back of the housing. Also ensure that it is not stopping
the camera from seating correctly in the housing, as this may stop the housing
rear door from closing tightly.

Find a location where the Dessicant Pack does not interfere with your camera
fitting into its housing, nor interferes with the O Ring sealing correctly.

In this housing, the Dessicant Pack sits easily alongside the lens, the rubber
surrounding holds the Dessicant Pack away from the actual lens.
With clear acrylic housings you can visually check that the O Ring is seated
correctly in the groove by looking through the side of the housing BEFORE
entering the water. The O Ring should contact the housing evenly over its entire
circumference it appears slightly darker where it is sealing. Most leaks are
caused by the O ring not being seated correctly or dirt in the O ring groove.
You are now ready to assemble strobes. These are treated the same way as
the camera housing: clean the O Ring groove, clean the O Ring, lubricate the
O Ring lightly, and install the O Ring. Install batteries, ensuring correct polarity
(+ positive and negative). Test that the strobe ready light is operating before

connecting to the housing.

If you use external strobes you will now be fitting your base plate and strobe
arms. Test fire the camera before entering the water, this ensures that
everything is functioning correctly.
Now you are ready to enter the water. Keep an eye on the housing when first
entering the water and descending. Most leaks occur within the first few meters
and you may be able to save the camera if you see a leak early enough.
Post-Dive Maintenance
Post-Dive Maintenance is mostly carried out once you are back in your hotel
room or in your boat cabin, or home. It isnt carried-out on the rolling deck of a
boat or on a beach. That said, there are some very basic things that should be
done between dives and as soon as you are out of the water.
Rinse your camera in fresh water upon surfacing from each dive. If there is no
rinse tank on a boat, or you are shore diving with no rinse tank, bring along an
old towel that can be dunked in the seawater. Then between dives, wrap your
housing in the towel and keep it out of the sun in order to keep the housing cool
and damp. This will prevent salt from drying-out and crystallizing on housing
controls, which damages the O Rings the next time you press a button and can
cause a flood.
Make sure your camera equipment is not in the dive boat rinse tank along
with Harry Heavy-Hands half-ton alloy housing with 4 strobes attached,
squashing your pocket sized compact camera underneath it. Most dive boats
have a Harry Heavy-Hands onboard!
When you are finished diving for the day, give your housing another good
rinse. Preferably leave it to soak for as long as possible. Operate each of the
control buttons dials switches while in the freshwater. This will help dissolve any
salt crystals inside the control button shafts and other areas. Remember to not
leave your housing in a public rinse bucket, as other cameras may knock it
around and break the seal.

Push each and every control and turn every dial while your housing is submerged
in a fresh water rinse tank

If you are not going to dive with the housing for a week or more then an
additional step of simple maintenance is to lubricate each control button and dial
shaft with one drop of SiliconPump (available from your dive store or visit
www.mcnett.com). Please confirm with your housing manufacturer or retailer
that this is safe for your particular brand of housing.
Each control on most acrylic (clear) compact & DSLR camera housings has a
small slot that allows water to drain from the shaft and O Ring. By blowing (with
your breath) into this slot (or close to it), any water left after rinsing will be
expelled. With many alloy DSLR housings there is no slot for water drainage, but
by blowing (with your breath) close to one side of the control, excess water will
still be expelled.
Then using a small eye dropper one drop of the Silicon Pump liquid can be
dropped down into this slot, or run-down the shaft, lubricating the O Ring and
control shaft.

Silicon Pump

An Eye Dropper

Pour the Silicon Pump into a small dish or container

Fill the Eye Dropper with Silicon Pump liquid

This Silicon Pump is harmless to the black (butyl) O Rings used on nearly all
camera housings. This includes all acrylic (clear plastic) and alloy compact
housings & DSLR housings. Common housings like Canon, Olympus, Fuji, Nikon,
Ikelite, Fantasea, 10Bar, Aquatica, Subal, Sea & Sea, Seatool, Nexus & Patima all
use black rubber O Rings for their rotating and push button controls.

Using the Silicon Pump filled Eye Dropper, squeeze a drop of the liquid onto each
control on the housing. Allow it run down the shaft of the control/button, so it
reaches the O Ring. Push each button and turn the dial of each control after
lubricating. Then let it sit for a few minutes. Note: Some controls are difficult to
access, you may need to place the housing upside-down to allow the Silicon
Pump liquid to run into the O Ring area.

DO NOT get any of this silicon lube onto the front lens port or inside the
housing. Wipe off any excess drips from the housing and operate the buttons and
control dials a few times after lubricating.
Once all of the shafts and buttons have been lubricated and operated a few
times; leave the lubricant to sit for a few minutes, and afterwards shake the
housing gently to remove the excess lubricant (Best do this over an old
newspaper, rather than the lounge room carpet!).

Next remove the main body O Ring from the housing. You can use an O ring
picker (some manufacturers supply their housings with these), a tissue or even
an old credit card (with a rounded corner), to remove the O Ring.

The only O Rings that do not benefit from this lubrication are the main body
and port O Rings, which are sometimes made from silicon rubber which is softer
and more pliable. Use only the O Ring grease supplied by your housing
manufacturer to lubricate these O Rings. In almost 99% of housings today, any
silicon rubber O Rings are generally colored blue, red or yellow. These are the
O Rings that are lubricated with the manufacturers own silicon, usually supplied
in a small tube.

Silicon O Rings are normally coloured Red, Yellow or Blue. These O Rings are
made from silcon rubber and should only be lubricated with the silicon lubricant
supplied by your housing manufacturer.

If the main body O Ring is left continuously in-place in the housing with the

rear door closed it is constantly under pressure and eventually loses its shape. It
is no longer round, but slightly flattened. This reduces the O Rings ability to seal
against the housing. Once removed, the O Ring should be cleaned (see Pre-Dive
Maintenance above) and put in a plastic zip-lock bag and placed inside of the
camera housing, this way you cant forget to install it next time you dive, as the
camera wont fit the housing with the bag inside!

Place the main body O Ring in a small zip-lock plastic bag, this will protect while
being stored.

Place the plastic bag with the O Ring enclosed inside of the housing. This way
you wont forget to install it before putting in the camera again.

Clean the O Ring groove with a tissue to remove any water and sand/ dust
particles and close the back of the housing (with the O Ring inside, in a bag).

close the housing ready for storage

Long Term Maintenance

Long Term Maintenance should be carried-out every year. Contact your housing
and strobe manufacturers or your underwater photography retailer and ask when
they recommend that the control O Rings should be replaced or any other
maintenance they recommend for your housing or strobe.

Following these simple steps will go a long way to helping your camera and
housing last for many years.
Jeff Mullins teaches underwater photography from his home in Tulamben, Bali see
ReefWreckandCritter.com for details. He also manufactures a fit-yourself Leak
Detector for many types of camera housings see UWleakdetector.com for
information.