LectureNotesinComputerScience:

AuthorsInstructionsforthePreparation
ofCameraReadyContributions
toLNCS/LNAI/LNBIProceedings
AlfredHofmann1,IngridBeyer1,ChristineGnther1,AnnaKramer1
ErikaSiebertCole1
1

SpringerVerlag,ComputerScienceEditorial,Tiergartenstr.17,
69121Heidelberg,Germany
{Alfred.Hofmann,Ingrid.Beyer,Christine.Guenther
Anna.Kramer,Erika.SiebertCole,LNCS}@Springer.com

Abstract.Theabstractshouldsummarizethecontentsofthepaperandshould
containatleast70andatmost150words.Itshouldbesetin9pointfontsize
andshouldbeinset1.0cmfromtherightandleftmargins.Thereshouldbetwo
blank(10point)linesbeforeandaftertheabstract.Thisdocumentisinthe
requiredformat.

1Introduction
ThisinstructionfileforWordusers(thereisaseparateinstructionfileforLaTeX
users)maybeusedasatemplate.KindlysendthefinalandcheckedWordandPDF
filesofyourpapertotheContactVolumeEditor.Thisisusuallyoneoftheorganizers
oftheconference.YoushouldmakesurethattheWordandthePDFfilesareidentical
andcorrectandthatonlyoneversionofyourpaperissent.Itisnotpossibletoupdate
filesatalaterstage.Pleasenotethatwedonotneedtheprintedpaper.
1.1CheckingthePDFFile
KindlyassurethattheContactVolumeEditorisgiventhenameandemailaddressof
thecontactauthorforyourpaper.TheContactVolumeEditorusesthesedetailsto
compilealistforourproductiondepartmentatSPSinIndia.Oncethefileshavebeen
workedupon,SPSsendsacopyofthefinalpdfofeachpapertoitscontactauthor.
Thecontactauthorisaskedtocheckthroughthefinalpdftomakesurethatnoerrors
havecreptinduringthetransferorpreparationofthefiles.Thisshouldnotbeseenas
anopportunitytoupdateorcopyeditthepapers,whichisnotpossibleduetotime
constraints. Only errors introduced during the preparation of the files will be
corrected.

Thisroundofcheckingtakesplaceabouttwoweeksafterthefileshavebeensent
totheEditorialbytheContactVolumeEditor,i.e.roughlysevenweeksbeforethe
startoftheconferenceforconferenceproceedings,orsevenweeksbeforethevolume
leavestheprinters, forpostproceedings. IfSPSdoesnotreceive areplyfrom a
particularcontactauthor,withinthetimeframegiven,thenitispresumedthatthe
authorhasfoundnoerrorsinthepaper.ThetightpublicationscheduleofLNCSdoes
notallowSPStosendremindersorsearch foralternative email addresses onthe
Internet.
Insomecases,itistheContactVolumeEditorthatchecksallthepdfs.Insuch
cases,theauthorsarenotinvolvedinthecheckingphase.
1.2AdditionalInformationRequiredbytheVolumeEditor
Whensendingyourfinalfiles,pleaseincludeareadmeinformingtheContactVolume
Editorwhichofyournamesis/areyourfirstname(s)andwhichis/areyourfamily
name(s).ThisisparticularlyimportantforSpanishandChinesenames.Authorsare
listedalphabeticallyaccordingtotheirsurnamesintheauthorindex.
1.3CopyrightForms
ThecopyrightformmaybedownloadedfromtheForAuthorssectionoftheLNCS
Webpage: www.springer.com/lncs. Please send your signed copyright form tothe
ContactVolumeEditor,eitherasascannedpdforbyfaxorbycourier.Oneauthor
maysignonbehalfofalltheotherauthorsofaparticularpaper.Digitalsignaturesare
acceptable.

2PaperPreparation
Theprintingareais122mm193mm.Thetextshouldbejustifiedtooccupythefull
line width, so that the right margin is not ragged, with words hyphenated as
appropriate.Pleasefillpagessothatthelengthofthetextisnolessthan180mm,if
possible.
Use 10point type for the name(s) of the author(s) and 9point type for the
address(es)andtheabstract.Forthemaintext,pleaseuse10pointtypeandsingle
linespacing.WerecommendtheuseofComputerModernRomanorTimes.Italic
typemaybeusedtoemphasizewordsinrunningtext.Boldtypeandunderlining
shouldbeavoided.
PapersnotcomplyingwiththeLNCSstylewillbereformatted.Thiscanleadtoan
increaseintheoverallnumberofpages.Wewouldthereforeurgeyounottosquash
yourpaper.

Headings. Headingsshouldbecapitalized (i.e.,nouns,verbs,andallotherwords

exceptarticles,prepositions,andconjunctionsshouldbesetwithaninitialcapital)
andshould,withtheexceptionofthetitle,bealignedtotheleft.Wordsjoinedbya
hyphenaresubjecttoaspecialrule.Ifthefirstwordcanstandalone,thesecondword
shouldbecapitalized.ThefontsizesaregiveninTable1.
Herearesomeexamplesofheadings:"CriteriatoDisproveContextFreenessof
Collage Languages", "On Correcting the Intrusion of Tracing Nondeterministic
ProgramsbySoftware","AUserFriendlyandExtendableDataDistributionSystem",
"MultiflipNetworks:ParallelizingGenSAT","SelfdeterminationsofMan".
Table1.Fontsizesofheadings.Tablecaptionsshouldalwaysbepositionedabovethetables.
Headinglevel
Title(centered)

Example

1stlevelheading

1Introduction

2ndlevelheading
3rdlevelheading
4thlevelheading

LectureNotes
2.1PrintingArea
Headings.Textfollows
Remark.Textfollows

Fontsizeandstyle
14point,bold
12point,bold
10point,bold
10point,bold
10point,italic

Lemmas, Propositions, and Theorems. The numbers accorded to lemmas,

propositions, and theorems, etc. should appear in consecutive order, starting with
Lemma1,andnot,forexample,withLemma11.
2.1Figures
Pleasecheckthatthelinesinlinedrawingsarenotinterruptedandhaveaconstant
width.Gridsanddetailswithinthefiguresmustbeclearlylegibleandmaynotbe
writtenoneontopoftheother.Linedrawingsshouldhavearesolutionofatleast800
dpi(preferably1200dpi).Theletteringinfiguresshouldhaveaheightof2mm(10
pointtype). Figuresshouldbenumberedandshouldhaveacaptionwhichshould
alwaysbepositionedunderthefigures,incontrasttothecaptionbelongingtoatable,
whichshouldalwaysappearabovethetable.Pleasecenterthecaptionsbetweenthe
margins and set them in 9point type (Fig.1 shows an example). The distance
between text and figure should be about 8 mm, the distance between figure and
captionabout6mm.
Toensurethatthereproductionofyourillustrationsisofareasonablequality,we
adviseagainsttheuseofshading.Thecontrastshouldbeaspronouncedaspossible.
Ifscreenshotsarenecessary,pleasemakesurethatyouarehappywiththeprint
qualitybeforeyousendthefiles.
Remark 1. In the printed volumes, illustrations are generally black and white
(halftones),andonlyinexceptionalcases,andiftheauthorispreparedtocoverthe

extracostsinvolved,arecoloredpicturesaccepted.Coloredpicturesarewelcomein
theelectronicversionfreeofcharge.Ifyousendcoloredfiguresthataretobeprinted
inblackandwhite,pleasemakesurethattheyreallyarelegibleinblackandwhite.
Somecolorsshowupverypoorlywhenprintedinblackandwhite.

Fig.1.Onekernelatxs(dottedkernel)ortwokernelsatxiandxj(leftandright)leadtothe
same summed estimate at xs. This shows a figure consisting of different types of lines.
Elementsofthefiguredescribedinthecaptionshouldbesetinitalics,inparentheses,asshown
inthissamplecaption.

2.2Formulas
Displayedequationsorformulasarecenteredandsetonaseparateline(withanextra
lineorhalflinespaceaboveandbelow).Displayedexpressionsshouldbenumbered
forreference.Thenumbersshouldbeconsecutivewithineachsectionorwithinthe
contribution,withnumbersenclosedinparenthesesandsetontherightmargin.
x+y=z.

(0)

Pleasepunctuateadisplayedequationinthesamewayasordinarytextbutwitha
smallspacebeforetheendpunctuation.
2.3Footnotes
Thesuperscriptnumeralusedtorefertoafootnoteappearsinthetexteitherdirectly
afterthewordtobediscussedorinrelationtoaphraseorasentencefollowingthe
punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, or period). Footnotes should appear at the
bottomofthenormaltextarea,withalineofabout5cmsetimmediatelyabovethem .
1

2.4ProgramCode
Programlistingsorprogramcommandsinthetextarenormallysetintypewriterfont,
e.g.,CMTT10orCourier.
ExampleofaComputerProgramfromJensenK.,WirthN.(1991)Pascalusermanualand
report.Springer,NewYork

programInflation(Output)
{Assumingannualinflationratesof7%,8%,and
10%,...years};
constMaxYears=10;
varYear:0..MaxYears;
Factor1,Factor2,Factor3:Real;
begin
Year:=0;
Factor1:=1.0;Factor2:=1.0;Factor3:=1.0;
WriteLn('Year7%8%10%');WriteLn;
repeat
Year:=Year+1;
Factor1:=Factor1*1.07;
Factor2:=Factor2*1.08;
Factor3:=Factor3*1.10;
WriteLn(Year:5,Factor1:7:3,Factor2:7:3,
Factor3:7:3)
untilYear=MaxYears
end.

Thefootnotenumeralissetflushleftandthetextfollowswiththeusualwordspacing.

2.5Citations
ThelistofreferencesisheadedReferencesandisnotassignedanumber.Thelist
shouldbesetinsmallprintandplacedattheendofyourcontribution,infrontofthe
appendix,ifoneexists.Pleasedonotinsertapagebreakbeforethelistofreferencesif
thepageisnotcompletelyfilled.Anexampleisgivenattheendofthisinformation
sheet.Forcitationsinthetextpleaseusesquarebracketsandconsecutivenumbers:
[1],[2],[3],etc.
2.6PageNumberingandRunningHeads
Pleasedonotsetrunningheadsorpagenumbers.

3LNCSOnline
TheonlineversionofthevolumewillbeavailableinLNCSOnline.Membersof
institutessubscribingtotheLectureNotesinComputerScienceserieshaveaccessto
allthepdfsofalltheonlinepublications.Nonsubscriberscanonlyreadasfarasthe
abstracts.Iftheytrytogobeyondthispoint,theyareautomaticallyasked,whether
theywouldliketoorderthepdf,andaregiveninstructionsastohowtodoso.

4BibTeXEntries
ThecorrectBibTeXentriesfortheLectureNotesinComputerSciencevolumescan
be found at the following Website shortly after the publication of the book:
http://www.informatik.unitrier.de/~ley/db/journals/lncs.html

5LectureNotesinComputerScienceintheISISCIExpanded
TheLectureNotesinComputerSciencevolumesaresenttoISIforinclusionintheir
ScienceCitationIndexExpanded.
Acknowledgments.Theheadingshouldbetreatedasa3 rdlevelheadingandshould
notbeassignedanumber.

References
1.Baldonado,M.,Chang,C.C.K.,Gravano,L.,Paepcke,A.:TheStanfordDigitalLibrary
MetadataArchitecture.Int.J.Digit.Libr.1(1997)108121
2.Bruce,K.B.,Cardelli,L.,Pierce,B.C.:ComparingObjectEncodings.In:Abadi,M.,Ito,T.
(eds.):TheoreticalAspectsofComputerSoftware.LectureNotesinComputerScience,Vol.
1281.SpringerVerlag,BerlinHeidelbergNewYork(1997)415438
3.vanLeeuwen,J.(ed.):ComputerScienceToday.RecentTrendsandDevelopments.Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1000. SpringerVerlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York
(1995)
4. Michalewicz, Z.:GeneticAlgorithms+DataStructures=EvolutionPrograms. 3rdedn.
SpringerVerlag,BerlinHeidelbergNewYork(1996)

Appendix:SpringerAuthorDiscount
LNCSauthorsareentitledtoa33.3%discountoffallSpringerpublications.Before
placinganorder,theyshouldsendanemailtoSDC.bookorder@springer.com,giving
fulldetailsoftheirSpringerpublication,toobtainasocalledtoken.Thistokenisa
number,whichmustbeenteredwhenplacinganorderviatheInternet,inorderto
obtainthediscount.

ChecklistofItemstobeSenttoVolumeEditors
1.
2.
3.
4.

AfinalWordorRTFfile
AfinalPDFfile
Acopyrightform,signedbyoneauthoronbehalfofalltheauthorsofthepaper
Areadmegivingthefirstname(s)andthesurname(s)ofalltheauthorsofthepaper
aswellasthenameandemailaddressofthecorrespondingauthor