A study conducted by the researchers Alexandrovich I, Rakovitskaya O, Kolmo

E, Sidorova T, Shushunov S. entitled The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil
emulsion in infantile colic their design was a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Their
objective was to determine the effectiveness of fennel seed oil emulsion in infantile colic.
With the subjects which are 125 infants, 2 to 12 weeks of age, who met definition of colic
they set up the subjects in Two large multi-specialty clinics having the intervention of a
fennel seed oil emulsion compared with placebo. THIS RESULTED WITH THE DISCOVERY ON
HOW The use of fennel oil emulsion eliminated colic, according to the Wessel criteria, in
65% (40/62) of infants in the treatment group, which was significantly better than 23.7%
(14/59) of infants in the control group (P < 0.01). There was a significant improvement of
colic in the treatment group compared with the control group [Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR)
= 41% (95% CI 25 to 57), Number Needed to Treat (NNT) = 2 (95% CI 2 to 4)]. Side effects
were not reported for infants in either group during the trial as mentioned in their results on
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(4), 58-61. They suggest that fennel seed oil
emulsion is superior to placebo in decreasing intensity of infantile colic.

In the study Effects of a topical essential oil-containing formulation on biofilm-forming

coagulase-negative staphylococci conducted by Al-Shuneigat J, Cox SD and Markham JL.
They aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Polytoxinol (PT), a topical essential oilbased formulation, against biofilm positive strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and
having concluded after their experimentation that The PTs antimicrobial adequacy was
certified against clinical cutsof coagulase-negative staphylococci in vitro. PT was able to
constrain biofilm formation in the most tolerant isolate at sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Bagg J, Jackson MS, Petrina Sweeney M, Ramage G, Davies AN conducted a study entitled
Susceptibility to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil of yeasts isolated from the mouths of
patients with advanced cancer and wrote in their abstract, Yeasts that are resistant to
azole antifungal drugs are increasingly isolated from the mouths of cancer patients
suffering from oral fungal infections. Tea tree oil is an agent possessing antimicrobial
properties that may prove useful in the prevention and management of infections caused
by these organisms. In this study, 301 yeasts isolated from the mouths of 199 patients
suffering from advanced cancer were examined by an in vitro agar dilution assay for
susceptibility to tea tree oil. All of the isolates tested were susceptible, including 41 that
were known to be resistant to both fluconazole and itraconazole. Clinical studies of tea
tree oil as an agent for the prevention and treatment of oral fungal infections in
immunocompromised patients merit consideration

In Benecia, F., and M.C. Courregess, Study, Antiviral activity of sandalwood oil against
Herpes simplex viruses in Phytomedicine, The essential oil of sandalwood (Santalum
album) inhibited herpes simplex virus, especially HSV-1, from replicating but did not
directly kill them in a laboratory test. The researchers assume that sandalwood helps the
cells protect themselves by modulating the liver' s gluthatione S-tranferase and levels of
acid-soluble sulphydryl. The oil produced no toxic effects. Sandalwood is 90% santolol,
with some hydrocarbons and aldehydes.

The study Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its
major components against oral pathogens done by a group of researchers who are
Bernardes WA, Lucarini R, Tozatti MG, Flauzino LG, Souza MG, Turatti IC, Andrade e Silva
ML, Martins CH, da Silva Filho AA, Cunha WR, the researchers obtained the essential oil
of of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) through hydro-distillation and analysed it
through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 62 identified, representing 98.06% of
the total oil content. The rosemary oil was characterized as having prominent (> 5%)
contents of camphor (18.9%), verbenone (11.3%), a-pinene (9.6%), beta-myrcene
(8.6%), 1,8-cineole (8.0%), and beta-caryophyllene (5.1%). The antimicrobial activity of
the oil as well as of its major constituents was tested against the following
microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis,
Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Enterococcus faecalis, which are
potentially responsible for the formation of dental caries in humans. The essential oil
showed low activity against the selected microorganisms. In the present study, the pure
major compounds were more active than the essential oil. Among all the microorganisms
tested, the pathogen S. mitis was the most susceptible and E. faecalis was the most
resistant to the evaluated samples. This is the first report on antimicrobial activity of the
major components of rosemary oil against oral pathogens.

Tea tree oil as an alternative topical decolonization agent for methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus by Caelli M, Porteous J, Carson CF, Heller R, Riley TV is, as written
in their abstract, The combination of a 4% tea tree oil nasal ointment and 5% tea tree
oil body wash was compared with a standard 2% mupirocin nasal ointment and triclosan
body wash for the eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage.
The tea tree oil combination appeared to perform better than the standard combination,
although the difference was not statistically significant due to the small number of
patients.

Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Burt SA, Reinders RD, the two researchers, in their methods and results stated that Five
EOs known to exhibit antibacterial properties were screened by disc diffusion assay and
the most active were selected for further study in microdilution colorimetric assays.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris; light and red varieties) EO

had the strongest bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, followed by bay (Pimenta
racemosa) and clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata synonym: Syzygium aromaticum) EO.
Oregano oil was colicidal at 625 microl l(-1) at 10, 20 and 37 degrees C. The addition of
0.05% (w/v) agar as stabilizer reinforced the antibacterial properties, particularly at 10
degrees C, whereas 0.25% (w/v) lecithin reduced antibacterial activity. Scanning electron
micrographs showed extensive morphological changes to treated cells.. Having
conclded that Oregano and thyme have in vitro colicidal and colistatic properties.
According to researchers Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, Manzoli L, Marzio L.
(Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double
blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.) resulted with At T(4), 75% of the patients in the
peppermint oil group showed a >50% reduction of basal (T(0)) total irritable bowel syndrome
symptoms score compared with 38% in the placebo group (P<0.009). With peppermint oil at
T(4) and at T(8) compared with T(0) a statistically significant reduction of the total irritable
bowel syndrome symptoms score was found (T(0): 2.19+/-0.13, T(4): 1.07+/-0.10*, T(8):
1.60+/-0.10*, *P<0.01 compared with T(0), mean+/-S.E.M.), while no change was found with
the placebo thus concluding that A 4 weeks treatment with peppermint oil improves
abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Sensory and affective pain discrimination after inhalation of essential oils, a study by
scientitsts Gedney JJ, Glover TL, Fillingim RB. Shows the revelation of absence of changes in
quantitative pain sensitivity ratings between conditions however retrospectively, subjects'
global impression of treatment outcome indicated that both pain intensity and pain
unpleasantness were reduced after treatment with lavender and marginally reduced after
treatment with rosemary, compared with the control condition.
Tea tree oil stimulates autolysis in exponential and stationary phase cells of Escherichia coli.
Stationary phase cells demonstrated increased tolerance to tea tree oil-bactericidal effects.
This was based from the studies of Gustafson JE, Liew YC, Chew S, Markham J, Bell HC, Wyllie
SG and Warmington JR on the effects of tea tree oil on Escherichia coli.