KM 4314

MECHANICAL VIBRATION

DR WAN AIZON W GHOPA

Dept. of Mechanical and Material Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 BANGI, SELANGOR
Email : waizon@ukm.edu.my

INTRODUCTION

MULTI DEGREE OF
FREEDOM SYSTEM

Multi degree of freedom systems

Require multi independent coordinates to describe
their motion.
Contain multi natural frequencies
For free vibration, the vibration amplitudes and
the natural frequencies are correlated to each
others.

INTRODUCTION

MULTI DEGREE OF
FREEDOM SYSTEM

Multi degree of freedom systems

Require multi independent coordinates to describe
their motion.
Contain multi natural frequencies
For free vibration, the vibration amplitudes and
the natural frequencies are correlated to each
others.

Modeling of Continuous systems as MOF

systems

E.g. Model the 3-storey building as a 3

lumped mass system

Modeling of Continuous systems as MOF

systems

E.g. Model the 16-louver air intake section of Gas

Turbine

Modeling of Continuous systems as MOF

systems

E.g. Model the 5-louver exhaust system of Gas

Turbine Chimney

Modeling of Continuous
systems as MOF systems

Method 2: Finite Element Method (FEM)

INTRODUCTION

MULTI DEGREE OF
FREEDOM SYSTEM

Multi degree of freedom systems

Contain multi normal modes of vibration
associated with the multi natural frequencies.

INTRODUCTION

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Multi degree of freedom systems

For harmonic forced vibration, the system will
vibrate with the frequency of the forced vibration.
The vibration amplitude reaches max value if the
forced frequency equal to the any one of the multi
natural frequencies..

nd
2

Using Newtons
Law to
derive Equations of Motion
Step 1: Set up suitable coordinates to describe
positions of the various masses in the system.
Step 2: Measure displacements of the masses
from their static equilibrium positions
Step 3: Draw free body diagram and indicate
forces acting on each mass
Step 4: Apply Newtons 2nd Law to each mass
10

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Force Analysis and Its Solutions

INTRODUCTION

General case for multi degree freedom system

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Equation of motion
Equation

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Equation of motion

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Equation

In matrix form
x1
x2
.
.
xn
Equation

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

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General equation

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

In simple form

INTRODUCTION

mass
matrix

Displacement matrix
Acceleration
matrix,
column

Stiffness
matrix

Every coordinate is measured from fixed reference axis

and

So,

Matrix
Non diagonal matrix
Diagonal matrix

for
are Symetric.

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Solution in harmonic form

INTRODUCTION

with

Amplitude
ColumnMatrix

Replaced

into

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

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Use

Characteristic
Matrix

Determinant

and

The determinant can be written as:

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

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numerical coefficient
Real positive root

is known as eigen value or characteristic number

into equa
Substituting
vibration,
is obtained, Eigen Vector

Mode of

The values of can be obtained using numerical method

including Iteration, Rayleigh, Holzer and Bairstow methods
Knowing the values of 1, 2, n, the natural
frequencies 1, 2, n can be determined

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Example

Assume the dynamic displacement is small and does not change

the tension in the cable
(a) Get the equation of motion

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MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

spring constant

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

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In matrix form:

Equation of motion

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(b) With

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get the solutions

Substitute the parameters in the above equation

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

By multiplying with

and use

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so that

Determinant must be equal to zero

Therefore,

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

By multiplying with

and use

INTRODUCTION

so that

Substitute = 0.25282, 1.1809 and 2.2329 into the above equation

For = 0.25282, -1.747A1 + A2 = 0; A1 - 1.242A2 + A3 = 0

1.747A1 = A2 A2/A1 = 1.747

A1 - 1.242(1.747A1) + A3 = 0 -1.169A1 + A3 = 0

-1.169A1 + A3 = 0 A3/A1 = 1.169

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Mode

INTRODUCTION

Mode

Mode

Mode

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Mode

Mode

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and

Mode

Mode

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

Mode

Mode

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and

Mode

Mode

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

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k1

k2

k3

k4

k2

k1

k3

k4

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM

SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

In matrix form
x1
x2
.
.
xn

Equation

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MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

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Mode 1
A3 = 0.384
A1 = 0.908

A2 = 1

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

1st Normal Modes of Vibration

INTRODUCTION

X1 , X2 and X3 move to the right

If X2 moves 1mm to the right,
X1 moves 0.908 mm to the right
X3 moves 0.384 mm to the right

Mode 1
A3 = 0.384
A1 = 0.908

A2 = 1

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MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

A1 = -1.375

Mode 2
A2 = 1

Node

A3 = 1.294

High probability of failure

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

2nd Normal Modes of Vibration

INTRODUCTION

X2 and X3 move to the right

X1 move to the left

A1 = -1.375

If X2 moves 1mm to the right,

X1 moves 0.908 mm to the right
X3 moves 0.384 mm to the right
Mode 2
A2 = 1

Node

A3 = 1.294

High probability of failure

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MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

A2 = 1

Mode 3

A1 = -0.534

Node 1

Node 2
A3 = -2.667

DR NORDIN JAMALUDIN
Thank You for your attention

ASSALAMUALAIKUM
Email : nordin@eng.ukm.my