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FIRST TRIAL SPM EXAMINATION 2011

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Answer
D
C
D
D
B
D
A
D
D
B

No
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Answer
D
A
C
B
D
B
D
D
A
C

No
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Answer
D
B
B
D
B
B
B
A
B
A

No
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Answer
B
A
C
D
C
A
C
A
B
C

No
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Answer
C
D
B
D
A
A
B
D
C
A

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ANSWERS FOR PAPER 1 BIOLOGY

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN DURIN, SIBU
FIRST TRIAL EXAMINATION 2011
BIOLOGY SPM FORM 5
MARKING SCHEME AND RULES FOR PAPER 2 BIOLOGY 4551/2
Question
1 (a) (i)

Suggested answer and marking criteria

Able to name the structures of an animal cell:
P: Golgi apparatus
Q: (Rough) endoplasmic reticulum
R: Mitochondrion

(ii)

Marks

Total marks

1
1
1

(1 mark for each correct answer)

Able to state the function of an organelle:
P1: R/mitochondrion is the site of cellular respiration//production/generation of
energy in the form of ATP

(b)

Able to explain two roles for each of the organelle stated:

P1: Organelle P/Golgi apparatus functions in modification and packaging of
extracellular enzymes (from rough ER)
P2: Transport extracellular enzymes in vesicles (to be transported out from the
cell)
P3: Organelle Q: Site of protein synthesis/transcription
P4: Transportation of proteins produced at ribosomes

P1=1
P2=1
P3=1
P4=1
*(Maximum 2 marks for
any pair of answers in
either P1 and P2 or

(P1+P2) +
(P3+P4)= 4

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P3 and P4)

(c)

2(a)

(b)

(c)(i)

Able to explain the importance of the cross-over process in ensuring the genetic
variation of a species.
P1: Ensuring that genetic variation occurs within the offspring/next generation
P2: Each gamete produced is different from one another
P3: To exchange the (different) genetic content from the arms of the non-sister
chromatids
P4: Producing traits which is a combination from each parent//different
traits/new trait which is different from the parent
Total marks
Able to name the types of muscles involved in the movement and locomotion of a
class of animal mentioned:

1
1
1

P1: Longitudinal muscles

P2: Circular muscles
Able to explain the mechanism of antagonistic action of the longitudinal and
circular muscles during the movement of an earthworm:

1
1

P1+P2=2

F: The antagonistic action of (longitudinal and circular) muscles

P1: The longitudinal pushes and elongates the body of an earthworm
P2: The circular muscles contracts and causes the segment to be pushed forward

1
1
1

F=1
P1=1
P2=1

*(P1 and P2 do not depend on F, marks are still awarded for Ps even if F is
absent)
Able to label the location of pectoralis major correctly:

P1+P2+P3+P4=4

1
12

F+2Ps=3
Correct labelling by

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using a straight
line/arrow= 1
(ii)

Able to name the organelle that is present in the pectoralis major muscles:
P1: 1

P1=1

(iii)

P1: Mitochondria
Able to explain the reasons for the abundance of the organelle mentioned:
P1: The (pectoralis major) muscles need a lot energy for flight
P2: The abundance of mitochondrion generates a lot of energy (in the form of
ATP) for the (muscle) cell respiration

P1: 1
P2: 1

P1+P2=2

1
1

P1+P2+P3=3

(d)

Able to correlate the ideas between the brittleness of a birds bone that lays eggs
with its age:

3(a)

P1: Calcium carbonate is the compound needed for the production of egg shell
P2: During the production of egg shell, calcium carbonate is absorbed from the
bones of the bird
P3: As the bird ages, the concentration of calcium carbonate in the bones
decreases and causes the bone mass to decrease (thus causing the bones to be
brittle)
Total marks:
Able to state the type of cell involved in respiration:

(b)(i)

P1: Animal cell

P2: Plant cell
Able to state the type of respiration:

(b)(ii)

P1: Aerobic respiration

P2: Anaerobic respiration
Muscle cells

Yeast cells

12
P1=1
P2=1

P1+P2=2

P1=1
P2=1

P1+P2=2

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D1: 2898 kJ energy is

released//complete breaking down
of glucose
D2: Energy is fully released during
respiration
D3: Occurs in the presence of oxygen
D4: Occurs in the mitochondrion

210 kJ energy is released//incomplete

Breaking down of glucose
Most of the energy is kept in the form
of ethanol
Occurs in the absence of oxygen
Occurs in the cytoplasm

D1: 1
D2: 1
D3: 1
D4: 1
*( Each pair of
correct answers
will be awarded 1
mark; no marks
awarded if either
one of the
explanation is
incorrect)

(c)

Able to predict what will happen to a yeast cell if too much ethanol is produced:
1
1

(d)

P1: High concentration of ethanol will draw out water from the yeast cell
P2: The yeast cell will die due to dehydration
Able to deduce the effect of an activity on the rate of respiration:
P1: The amount of oxygen needed is less than the rate of breaking down the
glucose//This condition is known as oxygen debt
P2: The person will experience muscle cramps (due to the accumulation of lactic
acid during anaerobic respiration)
Total marks:
Able to name the process:
Positive phototropism
Able to explain the processes named:
Explanation:
P1: The movement of the shoot of the plants towards the light
P2: Auxin moves towards the lower part of the shoot (which is away from the

4 (a)

2
1
12
1

1
1

P1+P2=2

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(b)

(c)

(d)

5(a)
(b)

light)
For X,
P1: (Plumule will soon develop into) shoot which is positive phototropism
P2: Auxin accumulates in the region where there is low light intensity
P3: Lower part of the shoot will grow more than the part which is exposed to light
For Y,
P1: Roots show negative phototropism
P2: Accumulation of auxin in the upper region of the radical
P3: The upper part grows longer/higher rate of growth and causes the lower part to
bend away from light
D: Auxin causes the lower part of the shoot to grow while in the root tip auxin
causes the upper part of the root to grow

Total marks:
P1: Enables the shoot of the plant to detect light direction (for phototsynthesis)
P2: Enables the root to grow deep into the soil to avoid light (due to negative
phototropism)
P1: BB
P2: Bb
Black colour wing
Explanation:
P1: The black colour wing is expressed in both parents and the ration of black
wing:speckled colour wing is 3:4

P1:1
P2:1
P3:1

P1+P2+P3=3

P1:1
P2:1
P3:1

P1+P2+P3=3

One correct and

accurate difference: 1
mark
*Reject: If either one
of none of the
differences are stated
12
P1: 1
P2: 1

P1+P2=2

P1: 1
P2: 1
F: 1

P1+P2=2

P1:1
(P is dependent of F;
if F is wrong while the
explanation is correct,
NO marks will be
awarded)

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(c)
(d)
(e)(i)
(ii)

P1: The speckled colour wing allele is recessive

P2: Both parents are heterozygous (Bb) where each parent carries a b allele
To adapt themselves to the different types of environment/for camouflage against
predators/same colour with the treebark
P1: Deletion
P1: A mutagen destroys/deletes one gene from a series of genes
P2: The chromosomes now has a series of genes which lack one gene
P3: This new arrangement will encode a non-functional peptide during
transcription

P1: 1
P2:1
1

P1+P2=2
1

1
1
1
1

Total marks

1
3

12
Section B

6 (a)

(b)(i)

P1: The process is known as facilitated diffusion

P2: The concentration of glucose outside the cell is higher than inside the cell
P3: Glucose molecules pass through carrier protein which is embedded within the
plasma membrane
P4: The molecules move down the concentration gradient
D1: Glucose is absorbed through facilitated diffusion
D2: Through the villus into the blood capillaries
D3: Carries to the liver through hepatic portal vein
D4: Amino acids carried through villus into blood capillaries and hepatic portal
vein
D5: fatty acids are absorbed into the lacteal in the villus
D6: It is later carried by the lymphatic vessels throughout the lymphatic system
D7: The fatty acids is returned to the blood capillary
A8: In the liver, excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the hormone insulin
A9: Amino acids are absorbed by the living cells to be converted into chains of
polypeptide and proteins
A10: Fatty acids are reassembled to phospholipids/fat reserve in the adipose tissue

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10

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(c)

7(a)

P1: This will reduce the absorption of nutrients including fatty acids
P2: Excess fatty acids will pass directly to the bowel for defecation without
absorption
P3: The level of fatty acids in the lymphatic system and blood circulatory system
reduces
P4: this will reduce the amount of fatty acids being reassembled in the body as fats
P5: It will also reduces the other nutrients including glucose and amino acids
P6: The body mass will reduce due to the reduction of body fat and muscles
Total marks

1
1

P1: During bleeding, prothrombin is converted to thrombin by thrombokinase

P2: Vitamin K and calcium ions are needed to convert this enzyme
P3: The soluble fibrinogen is converted to the insoluble fibrin through the action
of thrombin
P4:A network/mesh network

1
1
1

1
1
1
20

(b)
P/arteriole
D1: High pressure
D2: Contains erythrocyte/red blood
cells and plasma proteins

D3: Red blood in colour

Q/Lymph capillary
Low pressure
Does not contain erythrocytes/red
blood cells//contain all the contents of
the blood except for red blood cells
and plasma proteins
Pale yellow liquid

Each correct pair of D

will be awarded 2
marks. No marks
awarded if either one
of the pair of
differences is
incorrect.

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(ii)

(c)

8 (a)

P1: High pressure pushes the blood out from the blood capillary
P2: 90% of this liquid/extra-cellular fluid returns to the blood capillary
P3: Large molecules such as red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass
through the blood capillary
P4: Rich network of (blood) capillaries/surrounded by a rich network of (blood)
capillaries
P5: The fluid is now known as lymph and carried by the lymph capillaries to the
lymphatic system

1
1
1

P1: Returns the important nutrients back to the blood circulatory system
P2: Maintain the normal balance of the body plasma fluid
P3: The lymphatic nodes are the sites of lymphocytes which produces antibodies
to fight against bacteria
P4: Monocytes are produced for phagocytosis
P5: Transports the fatty acids which is absorbed from the lacteal back into the
blood circulatory system
Total marks
R1: The pollen grain landed on stigma and secretes a sugary liquid
R2: This forms the pollen tube that penetrate the style through the ovary
R3: Two nuclei are formed, which is the generative nucleus and 2 male nuclei
R4: The generative nucleus form the pollen tube
R5: The male nuclei moves towards the ovary
R6: One nucleus fused with 2 polar nuclei
R7: Another one nucleus fertilizes the ovum
R8: Mitosis occurs and the fertilized polar nuclei becomes the endosperm which is
triploid
R9: The fertilized ovum will divide through mitosis to form the zygote
R10: The synergid deteriorates

1
1
1

5
1
1

5
1
1
20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10

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(i)

(ii)

(iiI)

9(a)

P1: The rate of success is almost 100%

P2: It stops the production of ovum without interfering with normal menstrual
cycle
P3: It does not create any physical discomfort
P4: Can be taken within a long period

1
1

P1: IUD can be applied and reapplied many times

P2: Can be used for a long duration without any side effects
P3: There is no need for any hormonal replacement

1
1
1

P1: A permanent option with 100% success rate

P2: Does not affect the male sexual drive
P3: No need for any physical device(such as condom) or chemical (such as
spermicide)
Total marks
P1: Maintain the low BOD level in the aquatic ecosystem
P2: Making sure the species available will not be extinct due to pollution
P3: Ensures the balance of oxygen in the atmosphere by preserving the aquatic
plant population
P4: Allows the natural succession to occur by pioneer plant species
P5: Increases soil fertility by maintaining the nitrogenous compounds in the
bottom of pond
P6: Increases the biodiversity of plants and animals
P7: Preventing soil erosion around the pond done by teh roots of semi-aquatic
plants
P8: Help to maintain the balance of nitrogen cycle

1
1
1

1
1

20
P1:1
P2: 1
P3: 1
P4: 1
P5: 1
P6: 1
P7:1
P8:1

10

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P9: It is a habitat for many aquatic insects, plants and animals

P10: Some aquatic plants serve as a breeding ground to lay their eggs
(b)

P1: Air conditioner and refrigerator releases CFC (chlorofluorocarbons)

P2: CFC contains chlorine atoms that reacts with the ozone gas in the stratosphere
P3: The chain reaction (which involves free radical reaction) will diminish the
ozone layer
P4: UV rays will directly penetrate to the surface of the earth
P5: It causes damage to the ecosystem by harming many types of organisms that
are sensitive towards UV
P6: Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide gas which is a green house
gas
P7: Green house gas traps heat from the Sun
P8: This is called the green house effect/global warming
P9: It causes an increase in the Earths atmospheric temperature
P10: It melts the polar ice caps and causes a rise in the sea level
*** END OF MARKING SCHEME***

SPM Trial Examination1 2011

Answers for Biology Paper 3
Question 1(a)
Activity

After being treated with potassium

P9:1
P10:1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10

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Resting 0 minute
2 minutes running on the spot
3 minutes running on the spot
4 minutes running on the spot
Students should be able to mention the figures accurately.

hydroxide solution
9.9 cm
9.8 cm
9.7 cm
9.6 cm

(b)(i)1. When resting/ At 0 minute activity, the length of the air column (after being treated with potassium hydroxide solution) is 9.9cm.
2. After 3 minutes of running on the spot, the length of the air column (after being treated with potassium hydroxide solution) is 9.6 cm.
(ii) 1. When resting, the rate of respiration is lower, so the amount of carbon dioxide expelled is lower.
2. After a duration of vigorous activity, the rate of respiration is faster, so more carbon dioxide is expelled.
(c)
Variable
Manipulated:
Activity
Responding:
Length of air column/carbon dioxide content
Constant:
The initial reading for all the activities

Method to handle the variable

Doing different durations of activity
Measure and record the length of the air
column by using a ruler
The reading is fixed at 10cm

(d) As the time duration of activity increases, there is a decrease in the length of the air column.
(e) (i)
Duration
of activity
(min)

Initial reading
of the length of
the air column

Final
reading of
the length of

The length of
the air
column(cm)

Percentage of
CO2 in the
air sample

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(cm)
0
1
2
3

10
10
10
10

the air
column (cm)
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.6

(%)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

1
2
3
4

(f) The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air sample increases as the duration of activity increases. The rate of respiration increases
and more carbon dioxide is expelled out of the lungs.
(g) The percentage of carbon dioxide will be less because after 10 minutes the rate of respiration returns to normal/back to the
resting stage.
1 accurate response + 1 inaccurate answer= 3 marks + tick
The percentage of carbon dioxide will be less(accurate) and the rate of respiration will also be less.(inaccurate)
Inaccurate answers= 2 marks + tick
The content of carbon dioxide will be lessbecause after 10 minutes the rate of respiration becomes less.
Idea+ Incorrect answer=1 mark + tick
The content will be less (idea) because the respiration back to normal (idea)
Ideas only= 1 mark
The content of carbon dioxide will be less (no further explanation)
Incorrect or no response= 0 mark
(h) Exhaled air is the change in length of the air column due to the release of carbon dioxide gas after being treated with potassium
hydroxide solution and it is affected by different durations of activity.
1 accurate response + 1 inaccurate answer= 3 marks + tick
Exhaled air is the change in the length of the air column due to the release of carbon dioxide gas and affected by the activities.
(duration of the activity, not the activity itself!)
Inaccurate answers= 2 marks + tick
Exhaled air is the length of the air column due to the release of carbon dioxide gas after being treated with potassium hydroxide
solution and it is affected by the rate of activities.
Idea+ Incorrect answer=1 mark + tick

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The content will be less (idea) because the respiration back to normal (idea)
Ideas only= 1 mark
The content of carbon dioxide will be less (no further explanation)
Incorrect or no response= 0 mark
(i)

Material
Exhaled air sample
Water
Potassium hydroxide solution

Apparatus

Beaker
Boiling tubes
Rubber tubes
J-tube

3 marks= 3M + 4A
3M + 3A
2 marks= 2M +3A
3M+ 2A
1 mark= 1M + 2A
2M +2A
0 mark= 1M + 1A
Or any M or A is absent or incorrectly placed
Question 2
1 mark= Aim of investigation: Studying the effect of light intensity on the rate of evaporation of water from the leaves
1 mark= Problem Statement: How does light intensity affect the rate of water evaporation from the leaves?
3 marks= Variables:
Manipulated variable: Light intensity
Responding variable: The changes in weight of the potted plant
Fixed variables: The surrounding temperature, relative humidity and air movement
3 marks= Hypothesis:
The higher the light intensity (MV), (R) the higher the rate of water evaporation (RV) from the leaves.

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3 marks= Materials:
A leafy shoot, Vaseline, dehydrated calcium chloride and dry cloth
Apparatus:
Beam balance, a beaker, secateurs, two large transparent polythene bags, strings, a thermometer, two shoot covers and a stopwatch.
B1 Techniques used:
Measure and record the changes in weight of the potted plant by using a beam balance within a certain limit of time.
3 marks= Procedures:
1. A beam balance is used to measure the weight of the potted plant.
2. In the investigation of the effect of light intensity, covers or frames are used to cover the shoot. (A translucent plastic bag and a black
plastic bag can be used to cover the plants under the sun).
3. In the investigation of higher light intensity on the rate of loss of water, the transparent frame is used to cover the leafy shoot and the
beam balance.
4. The weight for the potted plant is recorded.
5. In the investigation of the effect of lower light intensity on the rate of evaporation from the leaves, the non-transparent (black)
plastic bag and the beam balance is placed in the same room.
6. The weight of each potted plant is recorded.
3 marks= Results:
Condition of
the
environment
Covered with
a transparent
frame (high
light
intensity)
Covered with
a non-

Time taken for the air bubble to move a distance

Rate (mms-1)

Average

148

158

160

155

0.13

346

390

374

370

0.05

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transparent
frame (low
intensity)
B2 Conclusion
The rate of water evaporation is high when the light intensity is high and low when the light intensity is low.

7-9 =3
5-6 =2
3-4=1
0-2=0
B1+ B2= 2 marks