SEMINAR: 4

TOPIC: NUTRITION
SPECIFIC TOPIC: VITAMINS

LESSON GOALS: At the end of the lesson Ss will able to know about vitamin and add their
words and expressions related with carbon dioxide
 Read the text about vitamin and answer the questions
 Enrich the student’s vocabulary related with text
 Do puzzle
 Watch video lesson about vitamin
USING MATERIALS:
 World Health Organization “The management of nutrition in major emergencies” Geneva 2000
 Êay Yockey Mehas, Sharon Lesley Rodgers ”Food Science and You”
 Harms H.R “Experience Technology” London 1997
 Morello A.M “Microbiology” London 2006
 www.fao.org
 www.who.org
 Grammar in use

GRAMMAR SECTION: GUESSING THE MEANING OF THE WORDS

When we meet a new word, the best advice is initially to ignore it. Sometimes, however, it might be an
important word, an rather than look it up in a dictionary, you might be able to guess it. It is not always
necessary to be 100% right, 50% often enough.
1. Suffixes and prefixes
Fashionable = adjectives
Happiness = noun
Electrician = person
They can also add new meaning. Example:
Bi =two
Bilingual
Biplane
2. Context
Examining the context will provide the best help. Look closely at the context to see.
a. The part of speech. Is it noun/ adjective/ verb/ person?
b. Any other references to the unknown word. Is it described or defined?
Example: Smallpox used to be highly dangerous disease, but nowadays, thanks to modern
medicine, very few people die of it.
Smallpox = noun
It is a disease
It is used to kill a lot of people, but not now.
What meaning do the following suffixes and prefixes.
a. Non- fiction
b. Dishonest
c. Misunderstand
d. Oversleep
e. Undercook
f. Redecorate
g. An ex-president
h. A manageress
 i. Helpless
j. Useful
k. Anti-social
l. Autograph
m. Pro- American
n. Defrost
o. Microscope
p. Post-graduate
q. predict

NEW WORDS AND VOCABULARY

BEFORE READING TEXT, READ THE SOME NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS,
EXPLAINING OF THE THEM, AND FIND OUT AND GUESS WHAT THE MEANINGS
ARE IN MONGOLIAN.

 Vitamins – Vitamins are organic substances in food which you need in order to remain
healthy.
 Provide – If you provide something that someone needs or wants, you give it to them or
make it available to them
 Dissolve – If a substance dissolves a substance, it mixes with the liquid, becoming
weaker until it finally disappears
 Function – a function of something or someone is the useful thing that that they do or are
intended to do.
 Liver – Your liver is a large organ in your body which cleans your blood
 Recommend- if someone recommends something or someone to you, they suggest that
you would find them good or useful.

 READING

READ THE TEXT ABOUT CARBON DIOXIDE. TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING
OF THE ANY NEW WORDS OR EXPRESIONS WHILE YOU ARE READING THE TEXT.
AFTER THAT, LOOK FOR NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS.

Vitamins
Vitamins are chemical mixtures found in many types of foods. Vitamins themselves do not
provide energy or become a part of the body. Instead they help proteins, fat, and minerals work properly.
If you don’t get enough vitamins, you may eventually develop poor health.
There are two basic of vitamins.
1. Fat soluble vitamins
2. Water soluble vitamins
The two types of vitamins are classified by the materials in which they will dissolve. Fat-soluble
vitamins -- vitamins A, D, E and K -- dissolve in fat before they are absorbed in the blood stream to
carry out their functions. Excesses of these vitamins are stored in the liver. Because they are stored, they
are not needed every day in the diet.
B-complex vitamins and vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins that are not stored in the body and must
be replaced each day. These vitamins are easily destroyed or washed out during food storage and
preparation. The B-complex group is found in a variety of foods: cereal grains, meat, poultry, eggs, fish,
milk, legumes and fresh vegetables. Citrus fruits are good sources of vitamin C. Use of mega doses of
vitamins are not recommended. Vitamins are essential nutrients found in foods. The requirements are
small but they perform specific and vital functions essential for maintaining health.

 READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. What are the vitamins?
2. What are the features of vitamins?
3. How many types of vitamins are there in human body?
4. What vitamins are water soluble vitamins?
5. What vitamins are in the fat soluble vitamins?

 EXERCISES:

CROSSWORD:

Down:
3
1. There are fat soluble vitamins and …….. soluble
1 vitamins
2. Same meaning with wreck
2 3. Some vitamins can ………….in the water

Cross:

1. A, B, C, D K are …………
2

 ADDITIONAL MATERIALS:

Fat soluble vitamins

Fat – soluble vitamins are found mostly in liquids and
are not soluble in water. They are easily stored in the body. The main fat – soluble vitamins are A.
D, E, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A can be consumed directly or acquired from its precursor carotene. The active form of
vitamin A in food is called retinol (RET – un -awl). It is found in animal products, such as liver,
butter, egg yolk, and cheese. Vitamin A as carotene is found in large amounts in carrots, spinach,
broccoli, sweet potatoes, apricots, and liver.
Vitamin A is essential for good vision. Most of the vitamin A needed by the body is used to maintain
mucous membranes. These membrane cells secrete mucus, which protects the walls of the
respiratory and digestive systems. During the growth years, vitamin A affects the length to which
bones grow. It also helps in the in the manufacture of red blood cells, plays a role in forming
important hormones, and is involved in reproduction.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is known for its role in preventing the deficiency disease called scurvy. Scurvy keeps the
blood from carrying as much oxygen as the body needs. Scurvy causes weakness leaky blood
vessels, and spongy gums that often result in the loss of teeth. Most scurvy victims die.
Vitamin D
Vitamin d was discovered in 1919. The active form of vitamin D is called cholecalciferol. Foods
high in vitamin D are certain animal foods, such as eggs, liver, and fish oils. Sunshine is another
important source. Vitamin d is generally added to milk in the United States.
Vitamin D is essential to the growth and repair of strong bones. It makes the minerals calcium and
phosphorus available in the food so they can be deposited as bone tissue. One of the reasons vitamin
d is added to milk is that milk has a high content of calcium and phosphorus, both of which are
crucial to bone formation.
Vitamin E
What is called vitamin E is actually at least eight different chemicals. The scientific name of vitamin
E is tocopherol. E is primarily found in vegetable oils, but small amounts are present in fruits,
vegetables, and grains. Soybean oil and wheat germ oil are good sources of vitamin E.