Weight, Physical Activity, and Healthy Eating: A View From The 2013 Minnesota Student Survey

WEIGHT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND
HEALTHY EATING: A VIEW FROM THE

2013 MINNESOTA STUDENT SURVEY
A presentation for the
Childhood Obesity Legislative Working
Group
August 27, 2014
Outline
1. Minnesota Student Survey Background
2. Overweight and obesity
3. Physical activity
4. Healthy eating
5. Associations with grades
6. Associations with time in class
7. Health Index
Basics of Minnesota Student Survey
Administered by four state agencies:
Education
Health
Human Services
Public Safety
Conducted every three years since 1989

Census design, rather than random sampleeveryone
invited.
Comprehensivemany topics, including protective factors as
well as risk behaviors
Three age-appropriate versions of the 2013 survey
Where to find MSS data
Standard tables for state, regions, counties, and

school districts, as well as special reports available at
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/chs/mss
www.education.state.mn.us/MDE/StuSuc/SafeSch/MNStudentSurvey/
Trend report and national comparisons report coming

soon
Special analyses can be done by request
Changes to the MSS
New grade configuration in 2013:

5th, 8th, 9th, 11th
New web option as well as paper-and-pencil

Major overhaul in content, with many new and
revised questions
Percent of Districts Participated by Year of

Survey Administration
100%
99%
90%
92%
90%
92%
91%
88%
91%
88%
84%
80%
70%
60%
50%
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Year of MSS administration
2007
2010
2013
2013 Participation Rates

Grade-level
Number of
students
Percent of
enrollment
5th grade
39,854
66%
8th grade
42,841
71%
9th grade
42,381
69%
11th grade
36,958
62%
Total
162,034
67%
Alternative Schools/ALCs (n=1,987 students)
Juvenile Correctional Facilities (n=389 students)
2. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY
50%
Percent Overweight or Obese, Based on Body-mass index

Calculated from Self-reported Height and Weight
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
12%
10%
15%
13%
6%
6%
6%
10%
5%
14%
11%
15%
12%
14%
12%
Female
Male
Female
0%
Male
Female
8th Grade
Overweight
Male
9th Grade
11th Grade
Obese
Percent overweight or obese among Minnesota and

U.S. adolescents, 2013
50%
40%
Percent
31.4%
30.0%
30%
22.6%
22.1%
20%
10%
0%
Grade 9
Grade 11
Minnesota
National
Percent overweight or obese, by year:

Minnesota 9th grade students
30
22.3
21.9
2007
2010
22.2
Percent
20
10
2013
Percent of 9th graders overweight or

obese, by race-ethnic group, 2013
Percent overweight or obese
50
40
31.6
30.7
29.9
30
31.1
23.3
23.1
21.5
20
10
0
Black
Somali
American
Indian
Asian
Hmong
Hispanic
White

obese, by school lunch status, 2013
40.0
35.0
30.0
30.4
25.0
19.9
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Yes-free/reduced price lunch
No-free/reduced price lunch
Percent of 9th graders overweight or obese,

by food insecurity, 2013
40.0
35.0
31.4
30.0
25.0
22.2
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Had to skip meals
Did not have to skip meals

obese, by sexual orientation, 2013
40
35.9
35
35.2
30
30
25
21.9
20
15
10
5
0
Heterosexual
Bisexual
Gay or lesbian
Not sure
(questioning)
Percent of 9th graders overweight or obese,

by race-ethnic group and school lunch status, 2013
50
40
30
35.1
31.5 29.8
35.0
28.5
27.5
26.9
29.5
19.9
20
19.5
10
0
Black
American Indian
Yes-free/reduced price lunch
Asian
Hispanic
No-free/reduced price lunch
White
3. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
100%
"During the last 7 days, on how many days were you

physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes?"
(% 5 or more days)
80%
57%
56%
60%
47%
40%
45%
42%
40%
52%
32%
20%
0%
Male
Female
Grade 5
Male
Female
Grade 8
Male
Female
Grade 9
Male
Female
Grade 11
Percent who were physically active for 60 minutes

on 5+ of last 7 days,
Minnesota and U.S. adolescents, 2013
100%
Percent
80%
60%
51.0% 50.6%
42.4% 44.7%
40%
20%
0%
Grade 9
Minnesota
Grade 11
National
Percent who went to phys ed class on one or more days in

typical school week
100%
95%
96%
82%
80%
76%
62%
60%
58%
40%
29%
15%
20%
0%
Male
Female
Grade 5
Male
Female
Grade 8
Male
Female
Grade 9
Male
Female
Grade 11
Percent who attended PE classes on one or more days

in typical school week, Minnesota and U.S.
adolescents, 2013
100%
Percent
80%
60%
60.1%
64.3%
39.6%
40%
22.3%
20%
0%
Grade 9
Minnesota
Grade 11
National
Percent of 9th graders with 5+ days of physical activity

and 1+ days of phys ed class in week, by income
100
Percent
80
54.5
60
62.0
59.4
Low Income
Middle/upper
income
41.7
40
20
0
Low Income
Middle/upper
income
Met physical activity standard
One+ days of gym class
Percent participating in community/club or school sports

teams 1+ days in typical school week
100%
80%
60%
52%
55%
50%
37%
40%
47%
30%
20%
0%
grade 5
grade 8
grade 9
Community or club sports
grade 11
grade 9
grade 11
School sports teams
Percent participating in sports 1+ days of typical

school week, by income: Grades 5, 8, 9 and 11
100.0
Percent
80.0
60.0
40.0
53.3
47.8
35.7
32.4
20.0
0.0
Low Income
Middle/upper
income
Community or club sports
Low Income
Middle/upper
income
School sports teams
4. HEALTHY EATING
"During the last 7 days, on how many days did you

eat breakfast? (% all 7 days)
100%
80%
67% 65%
60%
52%
41%
40%
47%
37%
41% 39%
Female
Male
20%
0%
Male
Female
Grade 5
Male
Female
Grade 8
Male
Grade 9
Female
Grade 11
Percent who ate breakfast on all seven days in the

past week, Minnesota and U.S. adolescents, 2013
50%
42.1% 40.7%
39.9%
Percent
40%
37.2%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Grade 9
Minnesota
Grade 11
National
Percent consuming each type of food one or more times

per day in last 7 days, grades 5, 8, 9 and 11
50
44.5
40.2
Percent
40
30
24.7
20
10
5.3
100% fruit juice
fruit
vegetables
fast food
Percent who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juice

two+ times per day, Minnesota and U.S.
adolescents, 2013
50%
Percent
40%
35.9%
36.6%
33.6%
32.7%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Grade 9
Minnesota
Grade 11
National
Percent consuming each type of food one or more

times per day in last 7 days, by income:
grades 5, 8, 9 and 11
50
46.5
45
39.1
40
34.3
Percent
35
30
25
42.5
26.3
24.2
20
15
8.5
10
4.1
5
0
100% fruit juice
fruit
Low-income
vegetables
Middle-upper income
fast food
Percent drinking sugar-sweetened beverages on the

previous day, by gender: grades 5, 8, 9 and 11
Percent one or more drinks
100
80
60
40
58.9
55.4
51.2
38.4
40.5
25.9
20
12.2
7.6
0
pop or soda
sports drinks
male
energy drinks
female
other sugar-sweet
Percent drinking soda or sports drinks

on previous day: 9th grade
100
Percent
80
67.9
61.9
52.3
60
48.8
44.9
40
20
31.9
38.4
33.9
33.5
2010
2013
23.2
2001
2004
Soda
2007
Sports Drinks
Percent drinking beverages one or more times on

previous day, by income: grades 5, 8, 9 and 11
100
Percent
80
60
61.4
52.6
41.9
40
55.5
33.9 33.1
15.6
20
7.9
0
pop or soda
sports drinks
Low-income
energy drinks
Middle-upper income
other sugar-sweet
5. ASSOCIATIONS WITH GRADES

How would you describe your grades this school year?
Percent of students who reported mostly As,

by weight status based on BMI
th
(5 , 8th, 9th, and 11th grade students)
50
45.8
% of students reporting mostly As
45
40
34.8
35
30
25.2
25
20
15
10
5
0
Normal or underweight
Overweight
Weight status based on BMI
Obese

by days physically active
(5th, 8th, 9th, and 11th grade students)
60
54.3
50
45.5
44.6
39.8
40
33.8
30
46.2
36.6
30.6
20
10
0
0 days
1 day
2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days
Number of days physically active for at least 60 minutes
7 days

by frequency of fruit consumption
60
54.9
55.5
48
50
43
42.1
40
34.1
30
25.3
20
10
0
Did not eat 1-3 times
4-6 times 1 time per 2 times per 3 times per 4 times per
day
day
day
day
Frequency of fruit consumption

by frequency of vegetable consumption
60
55.6
49.1
50
44
40
30
53.4
42.6
36
25.7
20
10
0
day
day
day
day
Frequency of vegetable consumption

by frequency of fast food consumption
50
45
47.6
43.1
40
35
30
30
25.7
23.9
25
19.7
20
20.9
15
10
5
0
day
day
day
day
Frequency of fast food consumption

by frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
7 or more
Pop or soda
Sports drinks
Energy drinks
51
35.2
22.3
19.5
19
45.7
39.9
30.5
25.2
23.5
45.4
19.6
14.8
14.6
17.9
Other sugarsweetened drinks

45.5
43.5
32.8
27.3
24.5
6. ASSOCIATIONS WITH TIME IN CLASS

During the last 30 days, how many times have you
stayed home because you were sick?
been sent to the office for discipline?
% of students home sick in last month
Percent of students who reported being home sick

at least once in last month due to sickness,
70
60
50
55.9
57.2
58.4
57.7
58.6
48.6
42.7
40
30
20
10
0
day
day
day
day

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
7 or more
Pop or soda
Sports drinks
Energy drinks
44.2
51.1
55.6
55.8
57.8
45.5
50.8
54.4
56.1
57.2
46.5
57
60.5
60.8
59.9
Other sugarsweetened drinks

44.9
48.5
52.6
55.9
56.3
% of students sent to office for discipline

in last month
Percent of students who reported being sent to office

at least once in last month for discipline,
35
28.8
30
25
22.7
20
18
14.5
15
10
24.5
7.6
9.1
5
0
Did not eat 1-3 times 4-6 times 1 time per 2 times per 3 times per 4 times per
day
day
day
day
% of students sent to office

for discipline in last month

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
7 or more
Pop or soda
Sports drinks
Energy drinks
6.8
11.1
17.7
22.1
26.9
7.7
11.3
16
21.1
25.4
7.9
21.4
28.4
33.4
39.3
Other sugarsweetened
drinks
8.2
9.2
13.1
17.9
22.9
7. HEALTH INDEX
Indicator
Definitions of having the health asset
BMI
Body mass index of less than the 85th percentile
Physical activity
At least 60 minutes of physical activity per day for at least five of last
seven days
Fruit
Consumed at least one fruit per day in the last week
44.5%
Vegetables
Consumed at least one vegetable per day in the last week
41.4%
Sugar-sweetened
beverages
Did not consume sugar drinks on previous day
Fast food
Did not consume fast food in last week
78.2%
49%
19%
29.9%
Only students who responded to all six of these items were included in the
analysis of health index scores (n=95,906)
Health Index Score Distribution

% of students with specified number of assets
30
26.1
25
23.5
20
18.8
18
15
10
5
7.6
4.2
1.8
0
Zero
(n=4052)
One
Two
Three
Four
(n=18,028) (n=25,063) (n=22,490) (n=17,292)
Number of health assets
Five
(n=7,302)
Six
(n=1,679)

by health index score
80
74.6
70
65.1
60
54.9
50
45.7
37.8
40
30
29.9
22.5
20
10
0
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Number of assets
Five
Six
60

54.5
51
50
47
44.8
43.1
38.3
40
35.2
30
20
10
0
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Number of assets
Five
Six
% of students sent to office for discipline in last

month

20
15
13.9
12
9.9
10
8
6.6
4.4
2.4
0
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Number of assets
Five
Six
Educational Engagement Items

(none of the time, some of the time, most of the time, all of the time)
1. How often do you care about doing well in school?

2. How often do you pay attention in class?
3. How often do you go to class unprepared?
(strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree)
4. If something interests me, I try to learn more about it.

5. I think things I learn in school are useful.
6. Being a student is one of the most important parts of who I am.
The items were summed to create a scale score. (Question 3 was
reverse scored).
Percent of students who reported

being educationally engaged*,
% of students educationally engaged
100
90
80
70
64.5
68
73.5
78.9
83.3
87.2
90.6
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Number of assets
Five
Six
*Based on educational engagement scale score
Teacher-Student Relationship Scale Score

(strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree)
1. Overall, adults at my school treat students fairly.
2. Adults at my school listen to the students.
3. The school rules are fair.
4. At my school, teachers care about students.
5. Most teachers at my school are interested in me as a person.
The items were summed to create a scale score.
% of students with positive teacher relationships
Percent of students who reported

positive teacher-student relationships*,
80
70.7
70
57
60
50
49.3
60.8
73.9
64.7
51.9
40
30
20
10
0
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Number of Assets
Five
Six
*Based on teacher-student relationship scale score
MDH and MDE contacts
Pete Rode
Peter.rode@state.mn.us,
651-201-5942
Lisa Burton
Lisa.Burton@state.mn.us,
651-582-8488

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WEIGHT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND

HEALTHY EATING: A VIEW FROM THE

Basics of Minnesota Student Survey

Administered by four state agencies:

Conducted every three years since 1989

Where to find MSS data

Standard tables for state, regions, counties, and

Trend report and national comparisons report coming

Changes to the MSS

New grade configuration in 2013:

New web option as well as paper-and-pencil

Percent of Districts Participated by Year of

Year of MSS administration

2013 Participation Rates

Alternative Schools/ALCs (n=1,987 students)

Juvenile Correctional Facilities (n=389 students)

2. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Percent Overweight or Obese, Based on Body-mass index

Percent overweight or obese among Minnesota and

Percent overweight or obese, by year:

Percent of 9th graders overweight or

Percent overweight or obese

Percent of 9th graders overweight or

Percent overweight or obese

Yes-free/reduced price lunch

No-free/reduced price lunch

Percent of 9th graders overweight or obese,

Percent overweight or obese

Had to skip meals

Did not have to skip meals

Percent of 9th graders overweight or

Percent overweight or obese

Percent of 9th graders overweight or obese,

Percent overweight or obese

Yes-free/reduced price lunch

No-free/reduced price lunch

"During the last 7 days, on how many days were you

Percent who were physically active for 60 minutes

Percent who went to phys ed class on one or more days in

Percent who attended PE classes on one or more days

Percent of 9th graders with 5+ days of physical activity

Met physical activity standard

One+ days of gym class

Percent participating in community/club or school sports

Community or club sports

School sports teams

Percent participating in sports 1+ days of typical

Community or club sports

School sports teams

"During the last 7 days, on how many days did you

Percent who ate breakfast on all seven days in the

Percent consuming each type of food one or more times

100% fruit juice

Percent who ate fruit or drank 100% fruit juice

Percent consuming each type of food one or more

Percent drinking sugar-sweetened beverages on the

Percent one or more drinks