HiperLAN Technology

Prepared by
Shampa Biswas
4/12/2015
Liu ID: shabi675
Student ID no: 900129-T328

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction
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1.1 HiperLAN
1.1.1 History of HiperLAN
1.1.2 What is HiperLAN?

2. HiperLAN Family and Specifications

2.1 Standards of HiperLAN Technology
2.2 HiperLAN Type-1
2.2.1 Layers in HiperLAN-1
2.2.2 Physical Layer (PHY) in HiperLAN-1
2.2.3 Channel access and Control Layer (CAC)
2.2.4 Media Access Control Layer (MAC)
2.3 HiperLAN Type-2
2.3.1 Layers in HiperLAN-2
2.3.2 Physical Layer in HiperLAN-2
2.3.3 Data Link Control Layer (DLC)
2.3.4 Convergence Layer (CL)
2.4 Features of HiperLAN-2
2.5 Security Aspects of HiperLAN-2 standard
2.6 Applications and Performance of HiperLAN-2
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3. HiperAccess and HiperLink13
3.1 Comparison between different HiperLan standards14
4. Conclusion
5. References

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HIPERLAN TECHNOLOGY

1. Introduction:
Wireless systems,nowadays, are used to interact with different devices like computers,
internet in mobile phones, LANs,etc. Such systems can be used for personal usage like home
network or in mobile phones and also can be used as co-operate LANs for commercial use to
gain better performance in terms of speed and quality of data transmission. The demands for
flexibility and mobility of communication networking were increased in our day to day life,
which lead us to develop and change to wireless LAN from wired LAN (WLAN).The
expanding demands for faster data transmission rates and the substitution of wired
networking by wireless communication network/radio local area network (RLan)makes it
important to indentify the frequency bands that offer sufficient capacities without degrading
its performance as compared to wired LAN.So, it makes researchers and experts to do some
changes in wireless design and to find optimal solutions for the benefits of the users. There
are many levels of standardizations of wireless LANs available nowadays,with
examples802.11 or HIPERLAN.

1.1.HIPERLAN:
1.1.1 History:
In the year 1991,the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) set up an adhoc group to discuss and compare about the possibilities of standardizing radio LANS and
there they concluded to have a new standard that offers high bit/data rates of around
20Mbits/s between portable devices in 5GHz frequency band range. They named this new
standard as HIPERLAN and the standard was finally approved by mid of 1996.
1.1.2 What isHIPERLAN:
In general, it can be described as a system for computers in order to achieve high speed short
range radio networks. The ETSI named it as High Performance European Local Area
Network short form of which is HiperLAN, because of the standard it was developing.
This particular wireless LAN network is used particularly in European countries and is
similarto IEEE WLAN standard -802.11 used in United States. The goal of the HiperLAN
was to produce a substitute for a wired LAN with a target bit rate of 20Mbits/s, higher than
802.11 and also to provide awireless infrastructure or ad hoc networks within short distance
radio links between computer systems of all kinds.The radio-frequency rangesuggested by
ETSI for the implementation of high speed HiperLANnetwork was in the bands 5.15-5.3
GHz and 17.1-17.3GHz.

2. HIPERLAN Family and Specifications:

2.1 Standards of HiperLAN:
The HiperLAN standard could not flourish and sustain in the market for long. During its
implementation different prototypes of HiperLAN were made but none of them was accepted
in the market. However, the Hiperlantechnology could not set itself firm in the market but it
definitely helped some other standards to establish.Initially 5GHz band was set for Hiperlan1
operation which was adopted in IEEE802.11 and Hiperlan2 standards. Moreover, the multi
move ad-hoc networking capability was used by Hiperlan 2 later on.
The four main standards of HiperLANfamily defined by Broadband Radio Access Networks
are as follows:

HiperLAN Type-1
HiperLAN Type-2
Hiperaccess
Hiperlink

2.2HiperLAN Type-1:
HiperLAN-1: the first standard of Hiperlan family for high speed WLAN. It was first started
in the year 1992 and completed in 1997. HiperLAN-1 was based on some specific
requirements specified by ETSI. These requirements are as follows:

range 50m and covers upto 100m

frequency range 5GHz
bit-rate 23.2Mbps
multi hubs feature
network can be with or without architecture
supports both synchronous and asynchronous traffic
low mobility of 1.4m/s
power saving
video at 2Mbps, 100ns latency (i,e it takes 100ns for the packet of data or video signal
to be processed and come out of the system)
audio at 32kbps, 10ns latency
asynchronous file transfer at 13.4Mbps

2.2.1. Layers in HiperLAN1:

We can define the Hiperlan1 as a common air medium including the physical layer for
wireless communication tools and also confirming proper communication while leaving
features and configurations open to the operators.

The HiperLan1 reference model consists of two bottom layers of open system interconnection
(OSI) model:i) Data Link Layer ii) Physical Layerand the data link layer is further divided
into two layers, the Logical link control layer (LLC) andthe Medium access control
(MAC) layer. HiperLAN-1 deals only with the physical layer (PHY), the channel access and
control layer (CAC), and the medium access layer (MAC), where CAC is a sub-layer
between MAC and PHY layers. Figure 1shows the reference model of HiperLAN type-1.

Figure1:HiperLAN-1.

2.2.2. Physical (PHY)Layerin HiperLAN type-1:

Carriers:
HiperLAN-1 uses the radio waves in the frequency range 5.15GHz to 5.3GHz
as carrier.

Clear channel Assessment scheme:
In HiperLAN-1 the clear channel assessment scheme determines whether a
channel is busy or idle. It determines only by measuring the strength of the
received signal which varies with time and can be expresses in signal level
number (SNL). A threshold is adapted depending on the time domain variation
of the signal and if the received signal strength (SLN) is higher compare to
threshold value, then the channel is considered to be busy otherwise it is idle.

Modulation:
On the physical layer Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) and Frequency
shift keying (FSK) modulation techniques are used.GMSK scheme is used to
modulate high data rate transmission whereas FSK scheme is used to modulate
low rate transmission. In FSK modulation, the nominal centre frequency for
bit 0 is -368kHz and for bit 1 is +368kHz.In GMSK modulation scheme the
amplitude of the transmitted signal remains constant which ensures more
linear power amplifier thereby lower cost of radio and above all,more efficient
power amplifier.
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2.2.3. Channel Access and Control(CAC) Layer:

This particular layer handles the channel access signalling and requests to the channels.The
execution of the request to the channels is determined on priority basis. The CAC layer
providesElimination yield Non-Preemptive Multiple Access Mechanism (EY-NPMA)
which codes the priority selections of the requested data intoradio wave and then forwards it
as data packets and because of EY-NPMA priority mechanism in Hiperlan, the multimedia
applications work.
In CAC layer, a transmission occurs in the following 3 phases as shown in the figure:

Figure2: Phases of CAC Layer.

1. Prioritization phase: the channel with highest channel access priority is selected
out for transmission.
2. Contention phase: CAC layer of one HiperLAN competes with the CAClayers of
other hiperlans having the same priority. The device then transmits signal and
complete its transmission. However, if any other device is still transmitting, then
the earlier device suspends itself unit the next access cycle.
3. Transmission phase: the data transmission takes place is this phase and data can
only be transmitted through the channel if it is ready at the starting of the access
channel cycle otherwise it holds itself until the next cycle.
2.2.4. Media Access (MAC)Control layer:
The various features of HiperLAN-1 are defined in this layer. The following features are
security, power saving, multi-hop routing, and also data transfer services to upper layers.
Topology: In HiperLAN-1 both decentralised ad-hoc and infrastructure networkingis
possible. In infrastructure topology,each HiperLAN device selects only one device, which
acts as a centralised access point, within the network to which all of the other devices are
connected and then transmits all data to that particular device. Whereas, in ad-hoc topology
each HiperLAN device can communicate directly with other HiperLAN devices unlike
infrastructure topology.
Unlike IEEE802.11 standard, where the priority is fixed, HiperLAN-1 assigns priorities to the
data packets dynamically. It uses the following parameters,packet lifetime and user
priority to assign the priorities in the channel.
Power saving: mobile devices in HiperLAN-1 uses the wake-up pattern of the device to save
power. Some nodes in the networks are able to store data in buffers for sleeping HiperLAN-1
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device and to transmit the data when the device is awake. The power saving feature of
HiperLAN-1 is performed by the two roles: 1.P-saver devices and 2. P-supporter devices.
P-saver: is the power saving device.
P-supporter: is the neighbour of P-saver. It helps to suspend transmission of packets to Psaver. The P-saver device informs its neighbour about its awake patterns, i,e. when it will
sleep or it will wake up and based on this information p-supporter then transmits the buffered
data packets accordingly.
Multi-Hop routing: To indentify its neighbourhood, HiperLAN-1 uses the Hello message.
Each HiperLAN device sends a Hello message packets periodically to its neighbours and
each type of Hello packets carries a list of senders neighbours. From the list of the
neighbours, the HiperLAN-1 device that acts as a forwarder constructs the whole map of the
HiperLAN-1s in the neighbourhood and then this forwarder will decide the next forwarder
among the devices for a given destination

Figure3: Multi-Hop Routing in HiperLAN-1

HiperLAN-1 standard is not considered to be a successful standard by European Standards

and it couldnt generate any product development in the market.

2.3. HiperLAN Type-2:

It is anotherstandard of HiperLAN family, designedmainly to have a wired infrastructure to
serve short range fast wireless communication networks like: Universal Mobile
Telecommunication Systems, Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Internet Protocol. It operates
in 5.2GHz range with a high data transmission rate upto 54Mbps. Its functional requirements
were finalised in February 2000.

The functional requirements are as follows:

Frequency band 5.2GHz

High data transmission rate
Supports QoS (quality of service)
Supports mobility
Supports security
Power conservation

Like other wireless LANs, HiperLAN-2 allows wireless terminals to connect to aparticular
central access point that transfer data to the wired networks and also allows other wireless
devices to communicate directly to each other. The main service in HiperLAN-2 standard
covers the transmission of audio, video and data transfer with a high emphasis on the quality
of these services.

2.3.1. Layers in HiperLAN-2:

Figure4: Layers of HiperLAN-2

The standard covers the following layers:

1. Physical (PHY) Layer.
2. Data Link Control (DLC) Layer.
3. Convergence (CL) Layer.

2.3.2. Physical (PHY) Layer in HiperLAN-2:

In this layer, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is used. Though
OFDM technique has been used before in other standards like DAD but it had never been
used before in any other WLAN standard. OFDM technique offers better performance on a
highly dispersive channel. In OFDM, signal can take many channels to reach their
destinations, and thus it results in variable time delays. The main idea of this technique is to
transmit data rate information by dividing the data channel into several subcarriers and then
transmitting the data into those subcarriers in parallel. Thus, the data rates on each sub-carrier
becomes much lower, the size of each symbol becomes longer, while the aggregate
throughput remains the same in the end.
The spacing of the channels in the HiperLAN-2 is 20MHz for a total of 19 channels, where
each channel is divided into 52 subcarriers. 48 out of 52 sub-carriers are used for data and the
remaining 4 are used for synchronization. The carriers used for synchronisation track phase to
ensure coherent demodulation. OFDM allows flexibility considering realisation of various
modulation techniques. Different modulations techniques of PHY layer are given in table 1.

Table1:PHY layers modulation techniques for HiperLAN-2

Data Link Control (DLC) layer:

DLC layer includes the functions for both control plane and user plane. The control plane
deals users and handling of the connections whereas user plane deals with the function for
medium access and transmission.DLC layer is further sub-divided into 3 layers:
1. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.
2. Logical Link Control (LLC) layer.
3. Radio Link Control (RLC) layer.
RLC, also known as RCP (Radio Link Control Protocol), is associated with three
signalling entities.
1. DCC-Data link control connection.
2. RRC-Radio resource control.
3. ACF-Association control function.

Figure5:Layers of HiperLAN-2.

The LLC layer of HiperLAN-2 provides means to deal with unreliable radio links through
error detection and retransmission protocols.
MAC layer is in charge of sharing the capacity of radio link among different mobile
terminals and connections. The main scheduling is located in access points.
The Radio Link Control Protocol(RCP) provides the following DCC, RRC, and ACF
functions.
Data link control connection-DDC: is in charge of DLC control. It sets up and monitors the
connections.
Radio resource control-RRC: is in charge of channel selection then monitoring the channel
and also it handles radio resources.
Association control function-ACF: is in charge of both association and re-association
procedures.
The MAC layer is mainly used for accessing the medium (air interface). The control is under
AP (access points) which informs the MTs (mobile terminals) when to transmit the data. The
medium is defined on time division duplex and dynamic time division multiple access
(TDMA) techniques. Therefore, it allows both uplink and downlink communications
simultaneously within the same time frame. The time frame, also known as MAC frame,

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consists of four elements which are Broadcast Channel (BCH), Uplink (UL), Downlink (DL)
and Random Access (RA).

Figure6: Structure of MAC frame.

2.3.3. Convergence (CL) Layer:

Above DL layer is the CL layer which responds to the data requests from the higher levels
and formats the data packets from higher levels in to a fixed size that fits in DLC. Because of
this layer, it is possible for the physical and data link control layers to function independently
of the fixed network to which Hiperlan2 is connected.
Two types of CLs can be defined in this layer:
Cell based: is used for interconnection to ATM networks.
Packet based: is used in various types of configuration depending on fixed network type or
Ethernet.

Figure7: Convergence Layer in Hiperlan-2

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2.4. Some Special Features of HiperLAN-2:

Very high transmission rate achieved by OFDM modulation technique.

HiperLAN2 connections are time division multiplexed and either bidirectional (point to point) or unidirectional (point to multi-point) connection
oriented.

Ensures better performance, the connections are based on priority basis or
specific quality of service.

Its access points support for automatic transmission frequency allocation
within thecoverage areas.

Its architecture can be easily fitted and integrated with various fixed networks.

In order to have continuous network coverage, the coverage areas of the
access points should overlap. Coverage can extend upto 30m indoor and 150m
outdoor without any obstruction. AP indentifies the RF channels around them
and automatically switches to an unused channeland thus, it eliminates the
extra work for frequency planning.

Within the coverage network area, MT from one AP generates a handoff to a
new AP after detecting a better signal on another RF channel. The new AP
gets the detail information of MTs connection from the old APand then it
continues to communicate smoothly.

2.5. Security Aspects in HiperLAN-2 standard:

HiperLAN2 supports authentication and encryption. The data is secured by Data Encryption
Standard. Any station or communication pointin Hiperlan2 can be indentified uniquely by
two Ids:HiperLAN ID (HID) and a node ID (NID). Within one single HiperLAN nodes
having same HID can communicate with each other. If a node lies within the range of another
HiperLAN, it may try to built communication with its own HiperLAN via the new HiperLAN
only if both the HiperLANs agree. To build such a connection, Inter-HiperLAN Forwarding
routing scheme is used.

2.6. Applications and Performance of HiperLAN2:

The application of HiperLAN2 covers a wide range of administrative, business and
professional usage.

Co-operate LAN:
It supports mobility and flexibility within same local area network. The increased
complexity of administrative and management tasks require frequent ad-hoc meetings
at which people need their computers to exchange information.
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Hot Spots:
It can be implemented in hot spots areas like shopping malls, hotels and airports to
allow easy access of offering internet to its user.HiperLAN2 device is connected to a
fixed access point via which the mobile terminals or the users can connect to an
internet service provider in order to access internet.

Medical and Health Care System:
Medical care and hospitalization are becoming complex and expensive day by day.
The efficiency of medical care and staffs can be increased by giving them instant,
real time access to patients data, X-rays, ultrasound images and, also video
recordings, such performance can be provided by HiperLAN2.

Third generation network (3G):
It can be used to access 3G network. The 3G cellular network can automatically
detect between hiperlan2 network and wide band code division multiple access
networks and can switch over between these two types of network when required.
Thus the user can be benefited with high performance communications.

Home network:
It can be used in a home environment to create a wireless network for personal uses:
to connect internet in cell phones, personal computers etc.
Performance:
The performance of HiperLAN2 depends on a number of factors such as propagation
condition in the presence of interference, available number of frequencies, data rate etc.

3.

HiperAccess and HiperLink:

Hiperaccess: it is another standard technology in HiperLAN family, was created by
ETSI and developed by Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN). It was intended to
work in the frequency range between 11GHz and 66GHz and is designed to serve a high
range and fast wireless ATM remote access connection. It also supports multimedia
applications.
Hyperlink: the fourth category of HiperLan family,was planned as a point to point
technology in a short range at a data transfer rate of 155Mbps and it works in the
frequency range of 17.1GHz-17.3GHz.

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3.1.Comparison between HiperLan Standards:

Table 2 gives us an idea about different Hiperlan standards and their specific
requirements.

Hiperlan Type-1

Hiperlan
Type-2

Application

Wireless LAN

Wireless
ATM
Indoor
Access

Frequency

5.1GHz-5.3GHz

Topology

5.1GHz5.3GHz
Infrastructure/decentralised Cellular,
ad-hoc
centralized

Antenna

Omni-directional

Power
conservation
Range
Data rate
Interface

necessary

Mobility

<10m/s

50m
23.2Mbit/s
LAN

Omnidirectional
necessary
50m-100m
>20Mbits/s
ATM
networks
<10m/s

Hiperlan
Type3/Hiper
Access
Wireless
ATM
Remote
Access

Hiperlan
Type4/HiperLink
Point
to
point
wireless
ATM
interconnect
17.1GHz17.3GHz
Directional

5.1GHz5.3GHz
Unidirectional(
point
to
multipoint)
Directional Directional
not
necessary
5000m
>20Mbits/s
ATM
networks
stationary

not
necessary
150m
155Mbit/s
ATM
networks
stationary

Table 2 Comparison between HiperLAN standards.

4. Conclusion:
HiperLAN standard never received much popularity in the commercial market, due to
the competition from IEEE 802.11 standard. IEEE802.11 was much simpler to
implement and secured its place faster in the market. Though HiperLAN could not
survive in the market for long but it had a direct impact on other standards. The PHY
layer specification of IEEE802.11a is almost identical to the PHY of HiperLAN2.

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5. References:

[1] http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr01/wrlslans/hiperlan.htm
[2] http://doc.utwente.nl/56299/1/hoesel02design.pdf
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiperLAN
[4] http://www.m-hikari.com/ces/ces2012/ces9-12-2012/alshreefCES9-12-2012.pdf
[5] http://www.academia.edu/4506516/COMPARATIVE_STUDY_OF_BLUETOOTH_802
.11_AND_HIPERLAN
[6] http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Studies/Tik-110.300/1999/Essays/hiperlan2.html
[7]http://www.ieee802.org/16/liaison/docs/80216l-00_08.pdf
[8] http://www3.nd.edu/~mhaenggi/NET/wireless/hiperlan/Technology.htm

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