Name of Unit Symbol Relation To SI Units: Ångström

Length
Name of unit
ngstrm
Symbol
Definition
11010 m
Relation to SI units
0.1 nm
149597870700 m
astronomical unit
AU
Distance from Earth to
149597870700 m [1]
Sun
= 13 in (see note above
barleycorn (H)
bohr, atomic unit of

length
about rounding)
a0
cable length
(imperial)
cable
length (International)
cable length (US)
chain (Gunter's;
Surveyor's)
ch
= Bohr radius of
5.2917721092(17)1011 m[2
hydrogen
608 ft
185.3184 m
110 nmi
185.2 m
720 ft
= 219.456 m
66 ft(US) 4 rods [3]
20.11684 m
Distance from fingers to
cubit (H)
8.46103 m
elbow 18 in
45 in [4] (In England
0.5 m
ell (H)
ell
fathom
ftm
6 ft [4]
= 1.8288 m
fermi
fm
11015 m[4]
11015 m
finger
78 in
= 0.022225 m
finger (cloth)
4 12 in
= 0.1143 m
usually)
= 1.143 m
foot (Benot) (H)
ft (Ben)
0.304799735 m
Legally defined as 1.033
foot (Cape) (H)
English feet in 1859
0.314858 m
foot (Clarke's) (H)
ft (Cla)
0.3047972654 m
foot (Indian) (H)
ft Ind
0.304799514 m
foot, metric
mf
110 m
0.31622776601 m
foot, metric (long)
lmf
13 m
0.3 m
foot, metric (short)
smf
0.30 m
0.30 m
foot (International)
ft
foot (Sear's) (H)
ft (Sear)
foot (US Survey)
ft (US)
12003937 m [5]
0.304800610 m
french; charriere
13 mm
= 0.3 103 m
furlong
fur
hand
inch (International)
in
0.3048 m 13 yd
12 inches
0.3048 m
0.30479947 m
10 chains = 660 ft =
220 yd [4]
= 201.168 m
4 in [4]
0.1016 m
2.54 cm 136 yd 112 ft
0.0254 m
1 hour walk, Currently

defined in US as 3
league (land)
lea
Statute miles,[3] but
4828 m
historically varied from 2

to 9 km
light-day
24 light-hours
2.590206837121013 m
light-hour
60 light-minutes
1.07925284881012 m
light-minute
60 light-seconds
1.7987547481010 m
Distance light travels in
light-second
one second in vacuum

Distance light travels in
299792458 m
light-year
ly
line
ln
112 in [7]
= 0.002116 m
link (Gunter's;
lnk
1100 ch [4] 0.66 ft(US)
0.2011684 m
vacuum in 365.25 days [6]
= 9.46073047258081015 m
Surveyor's)
link (Ramsden's;
Engineer's)
7.92 in
lnk
1 ft [4]
= 0.3048 m
Distance light travels

metre (SI base unit)
in 1299792458 of a second in
m
(meter)
vacuum.[8]
1m
10000000 of the distance

1
from equator to pole.

mickey
micrometre (old:
micron)
mil; thou
mil (Sweden and
Norway)
1200 in
1106 m
mil
1103 in
2.54105 m
mil
10 km
= 10000 m
6082 ft
= 1853.7936 m
mile
(geographical) (H)
mile (international)
= 1.27104 m
mi
mile (tactical or
data)
mile (telegraph) (H)
mi
mile (US Survey)
mi
nail (cloth)
80 chains
5280 ft 1760 yd
1609.344 m
6000 ft
1828.8 m
6087 ft
= 1855.3176 m
5280 US Survey feet

(5280 12003937) m
1609.347219 m
2 14 in [4]
= 0.05715 m
nanometre
nm
1109 m
1109 m
nautical league
NL; nl
3 nmi [4]
= 5556 m
= 6080 ft
= 1853.184 m
1852 m[9]
1852 m
NM
nautical mile
(Adm);
(Admiralty)
nmi
(Adm)
nautical
mile (international)
NM; nmi
nautical mile (US
1853.248 m
1853.248 m
pace
2.5 ft [4]
= 0.762 m
palm
3 in [4]
= 0.0762 m
pre 1954)
Distance of star
parsec
pc
with parallax shift of one

arc second from a base
3.0856775811016 m[10]
of one astronomical unit

pica
point (American,
English)[11][12]
point (Didot;
European)[12][13]
12 points
pt
pt
Dependent on point
measures.
172.272 in
0.000351450 m
112 172 of pied du roi;
0.00037597 m;
After 1878:
After 1878:
133 cm
0.00037593985 m
point (PostScript) [11]
pt
172 in
= 0.0003527 m
point (TeX) [11]
pt
172.27 in
= 0.0003514598 m
14 yd
= 0.2286 m
quarter
rod; pole; perch (H)
rd
16 12 ft
= 5.0292 m
rope (H)
rope
20 ft [4]
= 6.096 m
shaku (Japan)
= 0.3030 m
span (H)
9 in [4]
spat [14]
11012 m
stick (H)
picometre (old:
bicron, stigma)
= 0.2286 m
2 in
pm
twip
twp
x unit; siegbahn
xu
yard (International)
yd
= 0.0508 m
11012 m
11440 in
= 1.7638105 m
1.00211013 m [4]
0.9144 m [5] 3 ft 36
in
0.9144 m
Area[edit]
Area
Name of unit
acre (international)
Symbo
l
ac
Definition
1 ch 10
ch = 4840 sq yd
4046.8564224 m2
10 sq ch
acre (US survey)
ac
= 4840 sq yd,
4046.873 m2[15]
also 43560 sq ft
are
100 m2
= 100 m2
barn
1028 m2
= 1028 m2
4000 ac
1.618742107 m2
= 7.74192103 m2
barony
board
bd
1 in 1 ft
boiler horsepower
bhp
1 ft2 1 bhp /
equivalent direct radiation
EDR
(240 BTUIT/h)
circular inch
circ in
4 sq in
5.067075104 m2
circular mil; circular thou
circ mil
4 mil2
5.0670751010 m2
192 bd
= 1.48644864 m2
cord
12.958174 m2
cuerda (PR Survey)
cda
1 cda x 1 cda
= 0.971222 acre
3930.395625 m2
dunam
1000 m2
= 1000 m2
guntha
121 sq yd
101.17 m2
10000 m2
10000 m2
120 ac (variable)
5105 m2
14 ac
= 1011.7141056 m2
section
1 mi 1 mi
= 2.589988110336106 m2
shed
1052 m2
= 1052 m2
square (roofing)
10 ft 10 ft
= 9.290304 m2
66 ft 66 ft = 110 ac
404.68564224 m2
hectare
ha
hide
rood
square chain
(international)
ro
sq ch
66 ft (US) 66 ft
square chain (US Survey)
sq ch
(US) = 110 US survey

acre
404.6873 m2
square foot
sq ft
1 ft 1 ft
square foot (US Survey)
sq ft
1 ft (US) 1 ft (US)
square inch
sq in
1 in 1 in
6.4516104 m2
square kilometre
km2
1 km 1 km
= 106 m2
square link (Gunter's)

(International)
square link (Gunter's)(US

Survey)
sq lnk
sq lnk
1 lnk 1 lnk
0.66 ft 0.66 ft
1 lnk 1 lnk 0.66

ft(US) 0.66 ft(US)
1 lnk 1 lnk 1 ft
9.290304102 m2
9.2903411613275102 m
2
= 4.0468564224102 m2
4.046872102 m2
square link (Ramsden's)
sq lnk
square metre (SI unit)
m2
1m1m
= 1 m2
square mil; square thou
sq mil
1 mil 1 mil
= 6.45161010 m2
square mile
sq mi
1 mi 1 mi
= 2.589988110336106 m2
square mile (US Survey)
sq mi
square rod/pole/perch
sq rd
1 ft
1 mi (US) 1 mi
(US)
1 rd 1 rd
= 0.09290304 m2
2.58999847106 m2
= 25.29285264 m2
square yard (International)
sq yd
1 yd 1 yd
0.83612736 m2
stremma
1000 m2
= 1000 m2
township
36 sq mi (US)
9.323994107 m2
yardland
30 ac
1.2105 m2
Volume[edit]
Volume
Name of unit
acre-foot
Symbol
ac ft
acre-inch
Definition
1 ac x 1 ft
= 43560 cu ft
= 1233.48183754752 m3
1 ac 1 in
= 102.79015312896 m3
barrel (imperial)
bl (imp)
36 gal (imp)
= 0.16365924 m3
barrel (petroleum)
bl; bbl
42 gal (US)
= 0.158987294928 m3
barrel (US dry)
bl (US)
barrel (US fluid)
fl bl (US)
31 12 gal (US)
= 0.119240471196 m3
board-foot
fbm
144 cu in
2.359737216103 m3
105 qt (US) =
105/32 bu (US lvl)
= 0.115628198985075 m3
bucket (imperial)
bkt
4 gal (imp)
= 0.01818436 m3
bushel (imperial)
bu (imp)
8 gal (imp)
= 0.03636872 m3
bushel (US dry heaped)
bu (US)
1 14 bu (US lvl)
= 0.0440488377086 m3
2150.42 cu in
= 0.03523907016688 m3
butt, pipe
126 gal (wine)
= 0.476961884784 m3
coomb
4 bu (imp)
= 0.14547488 m3
cord (firewood)
8 ft 4 ft 4 ft
= 3.624556363776 m3
cord-foot
16 cu ft
= 0.453069545472 m3
bushel (US dry level)
bu (US
lvl)
1 fm 1 fm 1
cubic fathom
cu fm
cubic foot
cu ft
1 ft 1 ft 1 ft
0.028316846592 m3
cubic inch
cu in
1 in 1 in 1 in
16.387064106 m3
cubic metre (SI unit)
m3
1m1m1m
1 m3
fm
= 6.116438863872 m3
4168181825.440579584 m
cubic mile
cu mi
1 mi 1 mi 1 mi
cubic yard
cu yd
27 cu ft
0.764554857984 m3
10 fl oz (imp)
= 284.130625106 m3
cup (breakfast)
cup (Canadian)
c (CA)
8 fl oz (imp)
= 227.3045106 m3
cup (metric)
250.0106 m3
= 250.0106 m3
cup (US customary)
c (US)
cup (US food nutrition

labeling)
c (US)
dash (imperial)
dash (US)
dessertspoon (imperial)
8 US fl oz
116 gal (US)
= 236.5882365106 m3
240 mL[16]
= 2.4104 m3
1384 gi (imp)
= 369.961751302083109 m
= 12 pinch (imp)
196 US fl oz
= 308.057599609375109 m
= 12 US pinch
112 gi (imp)
= 11.8387760416106 m3
drop (imperial)
gtt
1288 fl oz (imp)
= 98.6564670138109 m3
drop (imperial) (alt)
gtt
11824 gi (imp)
77.886684109 m3
drop (medical)
0.996412 ml
= 83.03109 m3
drop (medical)
112 ml
= 83.3109 m3
drop (metric)
120 mL
= 50.0109 m3
1360 US fl oz
= 82.14869322916109 m3
drop (US)
gtt
drop (US) (alt)
gtt
1456 US fl oz
64.85423149671109 m3
drop (US) (alt)
gtt
1576 US fl oz
51.34293326823109 m3
fifth
15 US gal
= 757.0823568106 m3
firkin
9 gal (imp)
= 0.04091481 m3
fl dr
18 fl oz (imp)
= 3.5516328125106 m3
fl dr
18 US fl oz
= 3.6966911953125106 m3
fluid scruple (imperial)
fl s
124 fl oz (imp)
= 1.18387760416106 m3
gallon (beer)
beer gal
282 cu in
= 4.621152048103 m3
gallon (imperial)
gal (imp)
4.54609 L
4.54609103 m3
gallon (US dry)
gal (US)
18 bu (US lvl)
= 4.40488377086103 m3
gallon (US fluid; Wine)
gal (US)
231 cu in
3.785411784103 m3
5 fl oz (imp)
= 142.0653125106 m3
4 US fl oz
= 118.29411825106 m3
2 bl (imp)
= 0.32731848 m3
2 fl bl (US)
= 0.238480942392 m3
jigger (bartending)
1 12 US fl oz
44.36106 m3
kilderkin
18 gal (imp)
= 0.08182962 m3
1 mm3
= 1109 m3
80 bu (imp)
= 2.9094976 m3
1 dm3 [17]
0.001 m3
50 cu ft
= 1.4158423296 m3
fluid drachm (imperial)

fluid dram (US); US
fluidram
gill (imperial); Noggin

gill (US)
hogshead (imperial)
hogshead (US)
lambda
gi (imp);
nog
gi (US)
hhd
(imp)
hhd
(US)
last
litre
(liter)
load
minim (imperial)
min
minim (US)
min
1480 fl oz (imp) =
1/60 fl dr (imp)
1480 US fl oz
= 160 US fl dr
= 59.1938802083109 m3
= 61.611519921875109 m3
ounce (fluid imperial)
fl oz
1160 gal (imp)
28.4130625106 m3
US fl oz
1128 gal (US)
29.5735295625106 m3
US fl oz
30 mL[16]
3105 m3
peck (imperial)
pk
2 gal (imp)
= 9.09218103 m3
peck (US dry)
pk
14 US lvl bu
= 8.80976754172103 m3
perch
per
ounce (fluid US
customary)
ounce (fluid US food
nutrition labeling)
(imp)
tsp (imp)
148 US fl oz
pinch (US)
pint (US dry)

pint (US fluid)
1 ft
1192 gi (imp) =
pinch (imperial)
pint (imperial)
16 12 ft 1 12 ft
= 18 US tsp
pt (imp)
18 gal (imp)
pt (US
164 bu (US lvl)
dry)
18 gal (US dry)
pt (US fl) 18 gal (US)
pony
34 US fl oz
12 gal (imp) = 80 fl
pottle; quartern
oz (imp)
quart (imperial)
qt (imp)
quart (US dry)
qt (US)
quart (US fluid)
qt (US)
14 gal (imp)
132 bu (US lvl)
= 14 gal (US dry)
= 0.700841953152 m3
= 739.92350260416109 m3
= 616.11519921875109 m3
= 568.26125106 m3
= 550.6104713575106 m3
= 473.176473106 m3
= 22.180147171875106 m3
= 2.273045103 m3
= 1.1365225103 m3
= 1.101220942715103 m3
14 gal (US fl)
= 946.352946106 m3
quarter; pail
8 bu (imp)
= 0.29094976 m3
register ton
100 cu ft
= 2.8316846592 m3
sack (imperial); bag
3 bu (imp)[citation needed] = 0.10910616 m3
sack (US)
3 bu (US lvl)
seam
8 bu (US lvl)[citation
needed]
= 0.10571721050064 m3
= 0.28191256133504 m3
usually 1.5 US fl
shot (US)
oz[14]
44106 m3
strike (imperial)
2 bu (imp)
= 0.07273744 m3
strike (US)
2 bu (US lvl)
= 0.07047814033376 m3
tablespoon (Australian
20.0106 m3
metric)
tablespoon (Canadian)
tbsp
12 fl oz (imp)
= 14.20653125106 m3
tablespoon (imperial)
tbsp
58 fl oz (imp)
= 17.7581640625106 m3
tablespoon (metric)
15.0106 m3
tablespoon (US
tbsp
12 US fl oz
= 14.78676478125106 m3
tbsp
15 mL[16]
= 1.5105 m3
teaspoon (Canadian)
tsp
16 fl oz (imp)
= 4.735510416106 m3
teaspoon (imperial)
tsp
124 gi (imp)
= 5.91938802083106 m3
5.0106 m3
= 5.0106 m3
tsp
16 US fl oz
= 4.92892159375106 m3
tsp
5 mL[16]
= 5106 m3
timber foot
1 cu ft
= 0.028316846592 m3
ton (displacement)
35 cu ft
= 0.99108963072 m3
ton (freight)
40 cu ft
= 1.13267386368 m3
ton (water)
28 bu (imp)
= 1.01832416 m3
tun
252 gal (wine)
= 0.953923769568 m3
wey (US)
40 bu (US lvl)
= 1.4095628066752 m3
customary)
tablespoon (US food
nutrition labeling)
teaspoon (metric)
teaspoon (US customary)
teaspoon (US food
nutrition labeling)
Plane angle[edit]
Plane angle
Name of unit
Symbo
Definition
angular mil
26400 rad
0.981748103 rad
arcminute; MOA
'
160
0.290888103 rad
arcsecond
"
13600
4.848137106 rad
'
1100 grad
0.157080103 rad
"
110000 grad
1.570796106 rad
degree (of arc)
1360 of a revolution 180 rad
grad; gradian; gon
grad
1400 of a revolution 200 rad 0.9
centesimal minute
of arc
centesimal second
of arc
17.453293103 ra
d
15.707963103 ra
d
octant
45
0.785398 rad
quadrant
90
1.570796 rad
The angle subtended at the center

of a circle by an arc whose length is
radian (SI unit)
rad
equal to the circle's radius. One full

revolution encompasses 2
radians.
= 1 rad
sextant
60
1.047198 rad
sign
30
0.523599 rad
Solid angle[edit]
Solid angle
Name of
unit
Symbol
Definition
Relation to SI
units
deg2;
square
degree
sq.deg.;
(180)2 sr
0.30462103 sr
()2
The solid angle subtended at the center of

steradian (SI
unit)
sr
a sphere of radius r by a portion of the

surface of the sphere having an area r2. A
= 1 sr
sphere encompasses 4 sr.[14]
Mass[edit]
Notes:
See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion.
Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy

weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound.
In this table, the unit gee is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid
confusion with the "g" symbol for grams.
In physics, the pound of mass is sometimes written lbm to distinguish it from

the pound-force (lbf). It should not be read as the mongrel unit "pound metre".
Mass
Name of unit
atomic mass unit,

unified
Symb
Definition
ol
1.660538921(73)1027 k
u; AMU
g[18]
atomic unit of
mass, electron rest
9.10938291(40)1031 kg[
me
19]
mass
bag (coffee)
bag (Portland
cement)
barge
60 kg
= 60 kg
94 lb av
= 42.63768278 kg
22 12 short ton
= 20411.65665 kg
carat
kt
3 16 gr
= 205.1965483 mg
carat (metric)
ct
200 mg
= 200 mg
8 lb av
= 3.62873896 kg
clove
crith
dalton
89.9349 mg
Da
1.660538921(73)1027 k
g[18]
dram (apothecary; tr
dr t
60 gr
= 3.8879346 g
dram (avoirdupois)
dr av
27 1132 gr
= 1.7718451953125 g
electronvolt
eV
1 eV (energy unit) / c2
gamma
1 g
= 1 g
grain
gr
17000 lb av
6479891 mg
grave
gv.
oy)
grave was the original name

of the kilogram
= 1.78266184(45)1036 kg[
20]
1 kg
long
hundredweight (long)
cwt or
112 lb av
= 50.80234544 kg
100 lb av
= 45.359237 kg
cwt
hundredweight (short
); cental
kilogram
(kilogramme)
kip
sh cwt
mass of the prototype

kg
near Paris ( mass of 1 L of
1 kg (SI base unit)[8]
water)
kip
1000 lb av
= 453.59237 kg
mark
8 oz t
= 248.8278144 g
mite
120 gr
= 3.2399455 mg
mite (metric)
120 g
= 50 mg
oz t
112 lb t
= 31.1034768 g
oz av
116 lb
= 28.349523125 g
oz
28 g[16]
= 28 g
120 oz t
= 1.55517384 g
1100 ct
= 2 mg
slugft/s2
= 0.45359237 kg
ounce (apothecary;
troy)
ounce (avoirdupois)
ounce (US food

nutrition labelling)
pennyweight
dwt;
pwt
point
pound
lb
pound (avoirdupois)
lb av
pound (metric)
pound (troy)
lb t
0.45359237 kg = 7000 gra

ins
0.45359237 kg
500 g
= 500 g
5760 grains
= 0.3732417216 kg
14 long cwt = 2 st = 28 lb
quarter (imperial)
av
quarter (informal)
quarter, long
(informal)
= 12.70058636 kg
14 short ton
= 226.796185 kg
14 long ton
= 254.0117272 kg
quintal (metric)
100 kg
= 100 kg
scruple (apothecary)
s ap
20 gr
= 1.2959782 g
1700 lb av
= 647.9891 mg
sheet
slug; geepound; hyl
slug
1 0 1 lb av 1 s2/ft
14.593903 kg
stone
st
14 lb av
= 6.35029318 kg
ton, assay (long)
AT
1 mg 1 long ton 1 oz t
= 32.6 g
ton, assay (short)
AT
1 mg 1 short ton 1 oz t
= 29.16 g
2240 lb
= 1016.0469088 kg
ton, long
long tn
or ton
ton, short
sh tn
2000 lb
= 907.18474 kg
tonne (mts unit)
1000 kg
= 1000 kg
wey
= 114.30527724 kg (varian
252 lb = 18 st
Zentner
Ztr.
ts exist)
Definitions vary.[14][21]
Density[edit]
Density
Name of unit
Symbo
Definitio
gram per millilitre
g/mL
g/mL
= 1000 kg/m3
kilogram per cubic metre (SI unit)
kg/m3
kg/m3
= 1 kg/m3
kilogram per litre
kg/L
kg/L
= 1000 kg/m3
ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic foot
oz/ft3
oz/ft3
1.001153961 kg/m3
ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic inch
oz/in3
oz/in3
1.729994044103 kg/m3
ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) oz/gal
oz/gal
6.236023291 kg/m3
ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) oz/gal
oz/gal
7.489151707 kg/m3
pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot
lb/ft3
16.01846337 kg/m3
lb/ft3
pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch
pound (avoirdupois) per gallon

(imperial)
pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (US

fluid)
slug per cubic foot
lb/in3
lb/in3
2.767990471104 kg/m3
lb/gal
lb/gal
99.77637266 kg/m3
lb/gal
lb/gal
119.8264273 kg/m3
slug/ft3
slug/ft3
515.3788184 kg/m3
Time[edit]
Time
Name of unit
atomic unit of
time
Symbo
l
au
Definition
a0/(c)
2.4188842541017 s
441 mo (hollow) + 499 mo = 2.396736 Gs or2.3983776 Gs[n
Callippic cycle
(full) = 76 a of 365.25 d
ote 1]
century
100 years (100 a)
= 3.1556952 Gs[note 2][note 3]
day
= 24 h = 1440 min
= 86.4 ks[note 3]
Time needed for the Earth

to rotate once around its
axis, determined from
day (sidereal)
successive transits of a
very distant astronomical
86.1641 ks
object across an observer's

meridian (International
Celestial Reference Frame)
decade
dec
10 years (10 a)
=315.569520 Ms[note 2][note 3]
fortnight
fn
2 wk
= 1.2096 Ms[note 3]
11080 h
= 3.3 s
4 Callippic cycles - 1 d
= 9.593424 Gs
helek
Hipparchic
cycle
hour
60 min
= 3.6 ks[note 3]
jiffy
160 s
= 16.6 ms
1100 s
= 10 ms
14 h = 196 d = 15 min
= 900 s
1100 d = 14.4 min
= 864 s
jiffy (alternative) ja
ke (quarter of
an hour)
ke (traditional)
lustre; lustrum
5 a of 365 d
Metonic cycle;
110 mo (hollow) + 125 mo
enneadecaeteri
(full) = 6940 d 19 a
millennium
milliday
md
= 157.68 Ms
= 599.616 Ms
1000 years (1000 a)
= 31.556952 Gs[note 2][note 3]
11000 d
= 86.4 s
60 s, due to leap
minute
min
seconds sometimes 59 s or
= 60 s[note 3]
61 s,
moment
month (full)
month (Greg.
av.)
month (hollow)
month (synodic
)
90 s
= 90 s
mo
30 d[22]
= 2.592106 s[note 3]
mo
= 30.436875 d
2.6297 Ms[note 3]
mo
29 d[22]
= 2.5056 Ms[note 3]
mo
Cycle time of moon phases

29.530589 d (average)
2.551 Ms
= 48 mo (full) + 48 mo
octaeteris
(hollow) + 3 mo (full)[23][24] = 8
a of 365.25 d = 2922 d
= 252.4608 Ms[note 3]
Planck time
(Gc )
5 1
1.3512118681043 s
time of 9192631770 periods

of the radiation
corresponding to the
transition between the two
hyperfine levels of the
second
ground state of the caesium

133 atom at 0 K[8] (but other
(SI base unit)
seconds are sometimes

used in astronomy). Also
that time it takes for light to
travel a distance
of 299792458 metres.
shake
108 s
= 10 ns
sigma
106 s
= 1 s
Sothic cycle
1461 a of 365 d
= 460.74096 Ts
svedberg
1013 s
= 100 fs
week
wk
7 d = 168 h = 10080 min
= 604.8 ks[note 3]
365 d
= 31.536 Ms[note 3][note 3][25]
year (Gregorian a,
= 365.2425 d average,
= 31.556952 Ms[note 3]
calculated from common
year (common)
a,
y, or yr
y, or yr
years (365 d) plus leap
years (366 d) on most years

divisible by 4. See leap
year for details.
= 365.25 d average,
year (Julian)
a,
y, or yr
calculated from common

years (365 d) plus one leap
= 31.5576 Ms
year (366 d) every four

years
year (leap)
a,
y, or yr
366 d
= 31.6224 Ms[note 3][25]
conceptually, the length of

time it takes for the Sun to
return to the same position
year (mean
a,
in the cycle of seasons,
tropical)
y, or yr
[Converter
1]
31.556925 Ms
approximately 365.24219
d, each day being 86400 SI

seconds[26]
time taken for Sun to

year (sidereal)
a,
y, or yr
return to the same position

with respect to the stars of
31.5581497632 Ms
the celestial sphere,

approximately365.256363 d
Notes:
1.
Jump up^ see Callippic cycle for explanation of the differences
2.
^ Jump up to:a b c This is based on the average Gregorian year. See above for
definition of year lengths.

3.
^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Where UTC is observed, the length this unit may
increase or decrease depending on the number of leap seconds which occur during the
time interval in question.
Frequency[edit]
Frequency
Name of unit
hertz (SI unit)
revolutions per
minute
Symbo
l
Hz
Number of cycles per second
One unit rpm equals one rotation

rpm
Relation to SI
Definition
completed around a fixed axis in one

minute of time.
units
= 1 Hz = 1/s
0.104719755 rad/
s
Speed or velocity[edit]
Speed
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
foot per hour
fph
1 ft/h
= 8.46105 m/s
foot per minute
fpm
1 ft/min
= 5.08103 m/s
foot per second
fps
1 ft/s
= 3.048101 m/s
furlong/fortnight
1.663095104 m/s
furlong per fortnight

inch per hour
iph
1 in/h
= 7.05106 m/s
inch per minute
ipm
1 in/min
= 4.23104 m/s
inch per second
ips
1 in/s
= 2.54102 m/s
kilometre per hour
km/h
1 km/h
= 2.7101 m/s
knot
kn
1 nmi/h = 1.852 km/h
= 0.514 m/s
knot (Admiralty)
kn
1 NM (Adm)/h
= 0.514773 m/s
= 1.853184 km/h[citation needed]

Ratio of the speed to the speed
mach number
of sound[note 1] in the medium
340 to 295 m/s
(unitless).
metre per
m/s
1 m/s
= 1 m/s
mile per hour
mph
1 mi/h
= 0.44704 m/s
mile per minute
mpm
1 mi/min
= 26.8224 m/s
mile per second
mps
1 mi/s
= 1609.344 m/s
299792458 m/s
= 299792458 m/s
second (SI unit)
speed of light in
vacuum
speed of sound in air
1225 to 1062 km/h (761660 mp

h or 661574 kn)[note 1]
340 to 295 m/s
Note
1.
^ Jump up to:a b The speed of sound varies especially with temperature and
pressure from about 1225 km/h (761 mph or 661 kn) in air at sea level to
about 1062 km/h (660 mph or 570 kn) at jet altitudes (12200 m or 40000 ft).[27]
A velocity consists of a speed combined with a direction; the speed part of the velocity takes
units of speed.
Flow (volume)[edit]
Flow
Name of unit
cubic foot per minute
Symbol
CFM[citation needed]
Definition
1 ft3/min
= 4.719474432104 m3/s
cubic foot per second
ft3/s
1 ft3/s
= 0.028316846592 m3/s
cubic inch per minute
in3/min
1 in3/min
= 2.7311773107 m3/s
cubic inch per second
in3/s
1 in3/s
= 1.6387064105 m3/s
cubic metre per second (SI unit)
m3/s
1 m3/s
= 1 m3/s
gallon (US fluid) per day
GPD[citation needed]
1 gal/d
= 4.381263638108 m3/s
gallon (US fluid) per hour
GPH[citation needed]
1 gal/h
= 1.051503273106 m3/s
gallon (US fluid) per minute
GPM[citation needed]
1 gal/min
= 6.30901964105 m3/s
litre per minute
LPM[citation needed]
1 L/min
= 1.6105 m3/s
Acceleration[edit]
Acceleration
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
foot per hour per second
fph/s
1 ft/(hs)
= 8.46105 m/s2
foot per minute per second
fpm/s
1 ft/(mins)
= 5.08103 m/s2
foot per second squared
fps2
1 ft/s2
= 3.048101 m/s2
gal; galileo
Gal
1 cm/s2
= 102 m/s2
inch per minute per second
ipm/s
1 in/(mins)
= 4.23104 m/s2
inch per second squared
ips2
1 in/s2
= 2.54102 m/s2
knot per second
kn/s
1 kn/s
5.14101 m/s2
metre per second squared (SI unit)
m/s2
1 m/s2
= 1 m/s2
mile per hour per second
mph/s
1 mi/(hs)
= 4.4704101 m/s2
mile per minute per second
mpm/s
1 mi/(mins)
= 26.8224 m/s2
mile per second squared
mps2
1 mi/s2
= 1.609344103 m/s2
standard gravity
9.80665 m/s2
= 9.80665 m/s2
Force[edit]
Force
Name of unit
Symbol
atomic unit of force
dyne (cgs unit)
kilogram-force;
kilopond; graveforce
kip; kip-force
milligrave-force,
gravet-force
long ton-force
Definition
m c a
8.23872206108 N[28]
gcm/s2
= 105 N
0 1 kg
= 9.80665 N
0 1000 lb
= 4.4482216152605103 N
0 1 g
= 9.80665 mN
dyn
kgf; kp;
Gf
kip; kipf;
klbf
mGf; gf
tnf[citation
needed]
2 2
0 1 short ton
=9.96401641818352103
N
A force capable of giving a

newton (SI unit)
mass of one kilogram an

acceleration of one metre per
= 1 N = 1 kgm/s2
second per second.[29]
ounce-force
ozf
0 1 oz
=0.27801385095378125 N
pound-force
lbf
0 1 lb
= 4.4482216152605 N
poundal
pdl
1 lbft/s2
= 0.138254954376 N
0 1 short ton
= 8.896443230521103 N
1 tm/s2
= 103 N
short ton-force
sthene (mts unit)
tnf[citation
needed]
sn
See also: Conversion between weight (force) and mass
Pressure or mechanical stress[edit]

Pressure
Name of unit
Symbo
Definition
atmosphere (standard)
atm
atmosphere (technical)
at
bar
bar
barye (cgs unit)
101325 Pa[30]
1 kgf/cm2
cmHg
centimetre
cmH2O
= 9.80665104 Pa[30]
105 Pa
1 dyn/cm2
centimetre of mercury
13595.1 kg/m3 1 cm
0
999.972 kg/m3 1 cm
= 0.1 Pa
1.33322103 Pa[30]
98.0638 Pa[30]
of water (4 C)
foot of mercury
(conventional)
foot of water (39.2 F)
inch of mercury
(conventional)
ftHg
ftH2O
inHg
inch of water (39.2 F)
inH2O
kilogram-force per
kgf/mm
square millimetre
kip per square inch
ksi
4.063666104 Pa[30]
999.972 kg/m3 1 ft
2.98898103 Pa[30]
13595.1 kg/m3 1 in
3.386389103 Pa[30]
999.972 kg/m3 1 in
249.082 Pa[30]
1 kgf/mm2
= 9.80665106 Pa[30]
1 kipf/sq in
6.894757106 Pa[30]
1 long ton 0 / 1 sq ft
long ton per square foot
micrometre of mercury
13595.1 kg/m3 1 ft
mHg
millimetre of mercury
mmHg
millimetre
mmH2O
13595.1 kg/m3 1
0 0.001 torr
13595.1 kg/m3 1 mm
0 1 torr
999.972 kg/m3 1 mm
1.0725178011595105 P
a
0.1333224 Pa[30]
133.3224 Pa[30]
= 9.80638 Pa
0 = 0.999972 kgf/m2
of water (3.98 C)
pascal (SI unit)
Pa
N/m2 = kg/(ms2)
= 1 Pa[31]
pize (mts unit)
pz
1000 kg/ms2
= 103 Pa = 1 kPa
pound per square foot
psf
1 lbf/ft2
47.88026 Pa[30]
pound per square inch
psi
1 lbf/in2
6.894757103 Pa[30]
poundal per square foot
pdl/sq ft 1 pdl/sq ft
short ton per

square foot
torr
torr
1.488164 Pa[30]
1 short ton 0 / 1 sq ft
9.5760518104 Pa
101325760 Pa
133.3224 Pa[30]
Torque or moment of force[edit]

Torque
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
foot-pound force
ftlbf
0 1 lb 1 ft
= 1.3558179483314004 Nm
foot-poundal
ftpdl
1 lbft2/s2
= 4.21401100938048102 Nm
inch-pound force
inlbf
0 1 lb 1 in
= 0.1129848290276167 Nm
metre kilogram-force
mkgf
0 N m
= 9.80665 Nm
Newton metre (SI unit)
Nm
N m = kgm2/s2
= 1 Nm
Energy[edit]
Energy
Name of unit
barrel of oil
equivalent
British thermal
unit (ISO)
British thermal unit

(International Table)

(mean)

(thermochemical)

(39 F)
Symbol
Definition
boe
5.8106 BTU59 F
6.12109 J
BTUISO
1.0545103 J
= 1.0545103 J
BTUIT
= 1.05505585262103 J
BTUmean
1.05587103 J
BTUth
1.054350103 J
BTU39 F
1.05967103 J

(59 F)

(60 F)

(63 F)
calorie (International
Table)
BTU59 F
1.054804103 J
= 1.054804103 J
BTU60 F
1.05468103 J
BTU63 F
1.0546103 J
calIT
4.1868 J
= 4.1868 J
100 of the energy
required to warm one

calorie (mean)
calmean
gram of air-free water
4.19002 J
from 0 C to 100 C
@ 1 atm
calorie
calth
4.184 J
= 4.184 J
Calorie (US; FDA)
Cal
1 kcal = 1000 cal
= 4184 J
calorie (3.98 C)
cal3.98 C
calorie (15 C)
cal15 C
calorie (20 C)
cal20 C
(thermochemical)
4.2045 J
4.1855 J
= 4.1855 J
4.1819 J
Celsius heat unit

(International Table)
CHUIT
1 BTUIT 1 K/R
= 1.899100534716103 J
1 atm 1 cm3
= 0.101325 J
1 atm 1 ft3
= 2.8692044809344103 J
1000 BTUIT
= 1.05505585262106 J
1 atm 1 yd3
= 77.4685209852288103 J
cubic centimetre
of atmosphere;
cc atm;
standard cubic
scc
centimetre
cubic foot of
atmosphere;
standard cubic foot
cu ft
atm; scf
cubic foot of natural

gas
cubic yard of
atmosphere;
standard cubic yard
cu yd
atm; scy
electronvolt
eV
e1V
1.602176565(35)1019 J
erg (cgs unit)
erg
1 gcm2/s2
= 107 J
foot-pound force
ft lbf
0 1 lb 1 ft
= 1.3558179483314004 J
foot-poundal
ft pdl
1 lbft2/s2
= 4.21401100938048102 J
gallon-atmosphere
imp gal
(imperial)
atm
1 atm 1 gal (imp)
= 460.63256925 J
gallon-atmosphere
US gal
(US)
atm
1 atm 1 gal (US)
= 383.5568490138 J
Eh
me2c2 (= 2 Ry)
4.3597441018 J
horsepower-hour
hph
1 hp 1 h
inch-pound force
in lbf
0 1 lb 1 in
hartree, atomic unit

of energy
=2.684519537696172792106
J
= 0.1129848290276167 J
The work done when

a force of one newton
moves the point of its
joule (SI unit)
application a distance
of one metre in the
= 1 J = 1 mN = 1 kgm2/s2 =
1 CV = 1 Ws
direction of the force.

[29]
kilocalorie;
large calorie
kcal; Cal
kilowatt-hour; Board
kWh;
of Trade Unit
B.O.T.U.
litre-atmosphere
l atm; sl
quad
rydberg
Ry
1000 calIT
= 4.1868103 J
1 kW 1 h
= 3.6106 J
1 atm 1 L
= 101.325 J
1015 BTUIT
= 1.055055852621018 J
Rc
2.1798721018 J
therm (E.C.)
100000 BTUIT
= 105.505585262106 J
therm (US)
100000 BTU59 F
= 105.4804106 J
thermie
th
1 McalIT
= 4.1868106 J
ton of coal equivalent
TCE
7 Gcalth
= 29.288109 J
toe
10 GcalIT
= 41.868109 J
tTNT
1 Gcalth
= 4.184109 J
tonne of oil
equivalent
ton of TNT
Power or heat flow rate[edit]

Power
Name of unit
atmosphere-cubic
centimetre perminute
atmosphere-cubic
centimetre persecond
Symbol
Definition
atm
ccm[citation
1 atm 1 cm3/min
= 1.68875103 W
1 atm 1 cm3/s
= 0.101325 W
needed]
atm
ccs[citation
needed]
atmosphere-cubic foot
per hour
per minute
atm
cfh[citation
atm
cfm[citation
needed]
atm
per second
cfs[citation needed]
Table) per hour
BTU (International
Table) per minute
BTU (International
Table) per second
calorie (International
Table) per second
erg per second
foot-pound-force per
hour
= 0.79700124704 W
needed]
BTU (International
1 atm 1 cu ft/h
1 atm 1 cu
ft/min
= 47.82007468224 W
1 atm 1 cu ft/s
= 2.8692044809344103 W
BTUIT/h
1 BTUIT/h
0.293071 W
BTUIT/min
1 BTUIT/min
17.584264 W
BTUIT/s
1 BTUIT/s
= 1.05505585262103 W
calIT/s
1 calIT/s
= 4.1868 W
erg/s
1 erg/s
= 107 W
ftlbf/h
1 ft lbf/h
3.766161104 W
minute
second
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower
ftlbf/min
1 ft lbf/min
= 2.259696580552334102 W
ftlbf/s
1 ft lbf/s
= 1.3558179483314004 W
hp
34.5 lb/h 970.3

BTUIT/lb
9809.5 W[32]
hp
75 kpm/s
= 736 W[citation needed]
hp
746 W
= 746 W[32]
hp
550 ftlbf/s[32]
= 745.69987158227022 W
hp or PS
75 mkgf/s
= 735.49875 W[32]
Latm/min
1 atm 1 L/min
= 1.68875 W
Latm/s
1 atm 1 L/s
= 101.325 W
lusec
lusec
1 LmHg/s [14]
1.333104 W
poncelet
100 mkgf/s
= 980.665 W
(European electrical)
horsepower
(electrical)
horsepower
(mechanical)
horsepower (metric)
litre-atmosphere per
minute
litre-atmosphere per
second
square foot equivalent

direct radiation
sq ft EDR
240 BTUIT/h
70.337057 W
2000 lb of ice
ton of air conditioning
melted / 24 h
3504 W
2240 lb iceIT / 24
ton of refrigeration
h: iceIT = 144 F
(imperial)
3.938875103 W
2326 J/kgF
2000 lb iceIT / 24
ton of refrigeration (IT)
h: iceIT = 144 F
3.516853103 W
2326 J/kgF
The power which in

watt (SI unit)
one second of time
= 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 Nm/s =
gives rise to one
1 kgm2/s3
joule of energy.[29]
Action[edit]
Action
Name of unit
atomic unit of action
Symbol
au
Definition
1.054571681034 Js[33]
Dynamic viscosity[edit]
Dynamic viscosity
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
pascal second (SI unit)
Pas
Ns/m2, kg/(ms)
= 1 Pas
poise (cgs unit)
1 baryes
= 0.1 Pas
pound per foot hour
lb/(fth)
1 lb/(fth)
4.133789104 Pas
pound per foot second
lb/(fts)
1 lb/(fts)
1.488164 Pas
pound-force second per square foot
lbfs/ft2
1 lbfs/ft2
47.88026 Pas
pound-force second per square inch
lbfs/in2
1 lbfs/in2
6894.757 Pas
Kinematic viscosity[edit]
Kinematic viscosity
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
square foot per second
ft2/s
1 ft2/s
= 0.09290304 m2/s
square metre per second (SI unit)
m2/s
1 m2/s
= 1 m2/s
stokes (cgs unit)
St
104 m2/s
= 104 m2/s
Electric current[edit]
Electric current
Symbo
Name of unit
Relation to SI
Definition
units
The constant current needed to

produce a force of 2 107 newton per
ampere (SI base
unit)
metre between two straight parallel
= 1 A = 1 C/s
conductors of infinite length and

negligible circular cross-section placed
one metre apart in a vacuum.[8]
electromagnetic
unit; abampere
abamp
10 A
= 10 A
esu/s
0.1 Am/sc
3.3356411010 A
(cgs unit)
esu per second;
statampere (cgs
unit)
Electric charge[edit]
Electric charge
Name of unit
abcoulomb;
electromagnetic unit (cgs
unit)
atomic unit of charge
Symbol
abC;
emu
au
Definition
10 C
= 10 C
1.6021764621019
C
The amount of electricity

coulomb
carried in one second of

time by one ampere of
current.[29]
= 1 C = 1 As
faraday
1 mol NAe
96485.3383 C
milliampere hour
mAh
0.001 A 1 h
= 3.6 C
statcoulomb; franklin;
statC;
electrostatic unit (cgs unit)
Fr; esu
0.1 Amc
3.3356411010 C
Electric dipole[edit]
Electric dipole
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
atomic unit of electric dipole moment ea0
8.478352811030 Cm[34]
coulomb meter
Cm
=1C1m
debye
= 1010 esu
= 3.335640951030 Cm[35]
Electromotive force, electric potential difference[edit]

Voltage, electromotive force
Name of
Symbo
unit
abvolt (cgs
unit)
statvolt(cgs
Definition
Relation to SI
units
abV
108 V
= 108 V
statV
c(1 J/Am)
= 299.792458 V
unit)
The difference in electric potential across two

points along a conducting wire carrying one
volt (SI unit) V
ampere of constant current when the power

dissipated between the points equals one
= 1 V = 1 W/A= 1
kgm2/(As3)
watt.[29]
Electrical resistance[edit]
Electrical resistance
Name of
Symbo
unit
Definition
Relation to SI
units
The resistance between two points in a conductor

ohm (SI
unit)
when one volt of electric potential difference,
= 1 = 1 V/A=
applied to these points, produces one ampere of
1 kgm2/(A2s3)
current in the conductor.[29]
Capacitance[edit]
Capacitor's ability to store charge
Name of
Symbo
unit
farad (SI
unit)
Definition
The capacitance between two parallel plates that

F
results in one volt of potential difference when

charged by one coulomb of electricity.[29]
Magnetic flux[edit]
Relation to SI
units
= 1 F = 1 C/V= 1
A2s4/(kgm2)
magnetic flux
Symbo
Name of unit
maxwell (CGS
Mx
unit)
Relation to SI
Definition
units
108 Wb[32]
= 108 Wb
Magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one

weber (SI unit)
turn, would produce in it an electromotive
Wb
force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a

uniform rate in 1 second.[29]
= 1 Wb = 1
Vs= 1 kgm2/
(As2)
Magnetic flux density[edit]

What physicists call Magnetic field is called Magnetic flux density by electrical
engineers and magnetic induction by applied mathematicians and electrical
engineers.
Name of unit
Symbol
Definition
gauss (CGS unit)
Mx/cm2 = 104 T
= 104 T [36]
tesla (SI unit)
Wb/m2
= 1 T = 1 Wb/m2 = 1 kg/(As2)
Inductance[edit]
Inductance
Name of
Symbo
unit
Definition
Relation to SI
units
The inductance of a closed circuit that produces

henry (SI
unit)
one volt of electromotive force when the current in

the circuit varies at a uniform rate of one ampere
per second.[29]
=1H=1
Wb/A= 1 kgm2/
(As)2
Temperature[edit]
For more details on this topic, see Conversion of units of temperature.
Temperature
Name of unit
Symbo
Definition
degree Celsius
degree Delisle
De
degree Fahrenheit F
degree Newton
degree Rankine
R;
degree Raumur
[C] [K] 273.15
Relation to SI
units
[K] [C] +
273.15
[K] = 373.15
[De] 23
[F] [C] 95 + 32
[K] ([F] +
459.67) 59
[K] = [N] 10033 +

273.15
[R] [K] 95
[K] [R] 5/9
[K] = [R] 54 +
273.15
degree Rmer
Regulo Gas Mark
GM;
kelvin (SI base

unit)
[K] = ([R] 7.5)

4021 + 273.15
[F] [GM] 25 + 300
[K] [GM] 1259 +

422.038
1273.16 of the thermodynamic

K
temperature of the triple point of water.

[8]
1K

Name of Unit Symbol Relation To SI Units: Ångström

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Length

Distance from Earth to

= 13 in (see note above

bohr, atomic unit of

66 ft(US) 4 rods [3]

Distance from fingers to

foot (Benot) (H)

foot (Cape) (H)

English feet in 1859

foot (Clarke's) (H)

foot (Indian) (H)

foot, metric (long)

foot, metric (short)

foot (Sear's) (H)

foot (US Survey)

2.54 cm 136 yd 112 ft

1 hour walk, Currently

Statute miles,[3] but

historically varied from 2

Distance light travels in

one second in vacuum

1100 ch [4] 0.66 ft(US)

vacuum in 365.25 days [6]

Distance light travels

10000000 of the distance

from equator to pole.

mile (US Survey)

5280 US Survey feet

nautical mile (US

with parallax shift of one

of one astronomical unit

112 172 of pied du roi;

point (PostScript) [11]

point (TeX) [11]

equivalent direct radiation

circular mil; circular thou

cuerda (PR Survey)

(US) = 110 US survey

square foot (US Survey)

square link (Gunter's)

square link (Gunter's)(US

1 lnk 1 lnk 0.66

square link (Ramsden's)

square metre (SI unit)

square mil; square thou

square mile (US Survey)

square yard (International)

barrel (US dry)

barrel (US fluid)

bushel (US dry heaped)

126 gal (wine)

bushel (US dry level)

cubic metre (SI unit)

cup (US customary)

cup (US food nutrition

drop (imperial) (alt)

drop (US) (alt)

drop (US) (alt)

fluid scruple (imperial)

gallon (US dry)

gallon (US fluid; Wine)

fluid drachm (imperial)