Power Input to a Driven

Oscillator in the Steady

State
Instantaneous power input to the oscillator
by the driving force :
P Fv
F F0 cos t

dx
v
A() sin( t )
dt
v 0 sin(t )

v 0 A()

A 00
2

Q
0

Resonance for velocity amplitude occurs

exactly at the natural frequency

P( t ) F0 v 0 cos t sin( t )

F0 v 0 (cos cos t sin t sin cos2 t )

T

1
P() P( t ) dt
T0

1
F0 v 0 sin
2

Prob. 4.10 The power required to maintain

forced vibration must be equal to the power
loss due to damping.
a) Find the instantaneous rate of doing work
against the damping force.
Ans
dW
dt

Fdampv

b v2
b2A2 sin2 ( t )

b) Find the mean rate of doing work

against damping
Ans :
T

dW
2
2 1
b A sin 2 ( t ) dt
dt
T0

1 2 2
b A
2

c) Substitute the value of A at any

arbitrary frequency and hence obtain the
expression for average P.

1
1
Ans: Pdrive F0 v 0 sin F0 A sin
2
2

Since tan 2
0 2

tan

sin

1 tan2

b
m (02 2 )2 22

b A

F0
Pdrive

1 2 2
b A
2

bF02 (2m 202 )

2

1
2
0
0
Q

Power Resonance Curve

1 2 2
bF02 (2m 202 )
P() b A
2
2

1
2
0
Q
0

P is maximum at 0

bF02 Q 2 F02
Pm

2
2b
2m 20
Pm
1
P() 2
2
Q

1
0

Q
0

Width of Power Resonance Curve

(Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM))
P()

Pm

Pm 2

: FWHM

Finding FWHM
Equating

Pm
P() to
2

1
1
1
2
2
2
Q

1
0

Q
0
2

1
Q

0
2

Q
0


1 , where 1
Putting
0
1
1
(1 )
1
Q

1
1
0
2Q

0
Q

0
Q

1

2Q

P()

0 2

0 2

P()
Q = 30

Q=5
Q=3

Q=1

Prob. 4.12 A mass of 2 kg is hung from a

spring that is extended by 2.5 cm. The
top end of the spring is oscillated up and
down with an amplitude 1 mm. The Q of
the system is 15.
a) What is 0 for this system?
k 800 N / m ; 0 20 s1

b) What is the amplitude of the oscillations

at 0 ?

0 cos t

0 1 mm

Equation of motion is
d2y
dy
2
2

cos t
0
0
2
dt
dt

F0
A0
0 1mm for 0
2
m0
A(0 ) A0Q 15 mm

F0 m0 2

c) What is the mean power input to maintain

an oscillation at 2% higher than 0 ?

Pm
F02
1
1
P ( ) 2

2
2
2
Q
2
bQ
0

1
0

0
Q
0
Q

A02 m 03
1
2

F0 A0 m0 & bQ m0
2
2Q

1
0

0
Q

Putting

1
0

( 0.02)

A 20 m30
1
P
2Q 4 2 1
Q2

0.11 w

10

P, watts

Prob. 4.17 The graph

shows the mean power
absorbed by an
oscillator when driven
by a force of constant
magnitude but variable
frequency.

0.995

1.005

( M Hz)

a) At exact resonance, how much work per

cycle is being done against the resistive force?
0 106 s1 T0 2 10 6 s
5

10
J
Work / cycle Pmax T0

b) At exact resonance, what is the total

mechanical energy E 0 of the oscillator?
1 2 2
Pm b 0 A E0
2

1
2
2
where E0 m 0 A
2

From the power resonance curve :

0.01 10 s
6

Pm
E0
1.0 mJ

104 s1

c) If the driving force is turned off, how long

does it take for the energy of the oscillator
to drop to E0 e1 ?

E( t ) E0 e

t 1 10 4 s

Line Width of Atomic Spectral Lines

P()

0

Q

Out of the broad spectrum of the incident

light, the atom absorbs appreciably, only
within the frequency range around 0

For an atom :
0 ~ 1015 Hz

; Q ~ 108

~ 107 Hz

~ 10 8
0

~ 10
0

0
5000
A
At

5 10

Electrical Resonance
Free Oscillations of LC Circuit
VC VL 0

C
q -q

di
q
L
0
dt
C

Or,

d 2q 1
L 2
q0
dt
C

Comparing this with the equation of motion

of a SHO we get the correspondence :
1
mL;k
C

Angular frequency of free oscillations :

0

1
LC

q q0 cos (0t )

Free Oscillations LCR Circuit

VL VR VC 0

C
q -q

di
q
L
Ri
0
dt
C
L

d 2q
Or, L 2 R d q q 0
dt
dt
C

New correspondence :
R

L

q q0 e

Rt 2 L

cos( t )

Forced Oscillations of LCR Circuit

i

V V0 cos t ~
d 2q
dq
q
L 2 R

V0 cos t
dt
dt
C

Steady State Solution :

q( t ) q0 () cos(t )