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Get!ready!to!experience!engineering!!TEAMS!2010!is!asking!students!to!tackle!the!critical!and!global!
need!of!providing!access!to!one!of!nature's!most!vital!resources!on!earth:!clean!water.!
!!
The!extensive!development!and!the!population!growth!during!the!20th!century!created!strong!
consequences!in!the!amount!of!water!needed!to!sustain!life!around!the!globe.!According!to!the!world!
health!organizations,!900!million!people!worldwide!live!without!access!to!clean!water!and!1.8!million!die!
each!year!from!diarrheal!diseases.!Even!though!a!large!percent!of!the!earths!surface!is!covered!by!
water,!only!3%!is!fresh!and!only!1%!is!available!to!us.!Of!the!water!used!by!people,!approximately!80%!is!
used!in!agriculture!making!it!a!vital!input!to!the!food!supply.!
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The!challenges!that!arise!from!limited!access!to!clean!water!bring!about!questions!such!as:!
! What!can!countries!do!to!ensure!the!quality!and!the!quantity!of!their!water!supplies?!
! How!will!these!water!supplies!protect!the!health!and!nutrition!of!their!citizens?!!
! Who!will!develop!affordable!technologies!that!provide!and!secure!clean!water!supplies?!
!
So!who!can!solve!this!global!crisis?!!Your!students!as!engineers!!!Its!a!crisis!of!such!proportion!that!
the!National!Academy!of!Engineering!has!named!it!a!Grand!Challenge!for!the!profession.!!In!the!21st!
century,!engineers!will!be!asked!to!concentrate!in!the!proper!management!of!water!by!developing!
policies!and!technologies!that!will!control,!regulate!and!if!needed,!restrict!water!consumption.!!
!
Explore!the!difference!engineers!make!!!The!following!eight!Competition!Scenarios!offer!a!preliminary!
overview!of!the!question!content!of!the!2010!TEAMS!Competition.!!Scenarios!may!be!edited!and!
expanded!upon!in!the!actual!competition!questions;!however,!the!overall!content!will!remain.!!!!
!
Get!Started:!Teams!are!encouraged!to!prepare!by!researching!the!information,!any!unfamiliar!terms!and!
concepts!contained!in!the!scenarios.!!A!list!of!related!web!links!is!provided!at!the!end!of!each!scenario!
for!continued!exploration.!!These!links!should!not!be!considered!all!inclusive!and!team!members!and!
coaches!are!encouraged!to!go!beyond!the!provided!list!during!competition!preparation.!
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Note:!These!scenarios!are!for!reference!use!only!and!include!links!providing!direct!access!to!Internet!sites!not!controlled!or!
maintained!by!JETS.!!JETS!takes!no!responsibility!for!the!content!or!information!contained!on!or!within!those!links!and!sites.!!!
JETS!does!not!exert!any!editorial!or!graphic!control!over!other!sites.!

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Explore!Engineering:!!
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Use!the!below!links!to!learn!more!about!the!water!crisis!and!the!importance!of!this!critical!natural!
!
resource.!
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! Water!Resources!for!Students!and!Teachers!!
http://water.usgs.gov/education.html!!!
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! UN!Water!
http://www.unwater.org/kids.html!
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! World!Bank!!Water!Division!
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTWAT/0,,menuPK:4602384~pagePK:14901
8~piPK:149093~theSitePK:4602123,00.html!
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! International!Water!Management!Institute!!
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Water_Policy_Briefs/index.aspx!
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! UN"Environment!Program!
http://www.unep.org/themes/freshwater/!
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! JETS!
http://www.jets.org/explore/index.cfm!
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NEW!!Podcasts!about!Clean!Water!!
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Listen!to!Podcasts!or!download!the!transcripts!!
!
http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/energy/environ
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ment/engineers"of"the"new"millennium!
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More!Facts!about!Water!
!

Freshwater!is!a!finite!resource!that!is!not!evenly!distributed!everywhere!or!to!everyone.!

To!replenish!our!bodys!water!supply,!men!need!3.7!liters!of!water!each!day!while!women!need!2.7!
liters.!

70%!of!global!water!use!goes!to!agriculture;!22%!is!used!by!industry;!and!8%!goes!to!domestic!and!
municipal!uses.!

In!the!U.S.!people!use!151!gallons!of!water!per!day;!people!in!the!U.K.!consume!31!gallons!per!day;!
people!in!Ethiopia!live!on!3!gallons!per!day.!

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Source:!American!Museum!of!Natural!History!
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/water/
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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#1!
!
! Get!Active!!!
! Explore!how!geological,!environmental!and!ceramic!engineers!possess!important!skills!that!provide!
! safe!drinking!water!to!families!in!developing!areas!of!the!world.!
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Ceramic!pot!filters!have!the!potential!to!be!great!devices!to!remove!the!most!common!form!of!water!
contamination,!fecal!pathogens,!from!infected!water!supplies!throughout!the!developing!world.!The!
filters!are!made!from!native!clay!and!sawdust,!fired!locally!in!ovens!or!kilns,!and!coated!with!a!small!
quantity!of!colloidal!silver!to!help!with!the!disinfection!process.!Thousands!of!ceramic!pot!filters!are!in!
use!all!over!the!world,!yet!there!are!many!questions!about!the!filters!that!have!not!been!rigorously!
answered.!People!who!use!the!filters!typically!do!not!have!a!lot!of!resources,!so!they!are!interested!in!
using!the!filters!as!long!as!possible!before!replacing!them.!Your!team!has!been!asked!to!characterize!the!
effective!life!of!a!typical!filter!that!is,!how!long!can!it!be!used!before!it!(a)!stops!removing!bacteria;!or!(b)!
becomes!clogged!and!unusable.!!
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How!do!engineers!help?!Your!team!will!evaluate!the!operation!and!performance!of!ceramic!pot!filters!
which!disinfect!water.!!As!an!engineer,!youll!consider!the!potential!impact!of!using!clay!from!different!
sources!(clay!pits)!and!different!size!sawdust.!!You!will!also!be!asked!to!plan!for!a!field!investigation!to!
evaluate!the!performance!of!the!filters!under!real!world!conditions.!
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Ceramic!Pot!Filter!
http://www.ceramicwaterfilter.org/!!
Ecofilter!(View!English!site!by!clicking!English)!
http://www.ecofiltro.com/index.php!!
Household!Water!Treatment!and!Safe!Storage!!
http://www.who.int/household_water/advocacy/combating_disease/en/index.html!

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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#2!
!
! Get!Active!!!
! Engineers!use!the!deionization!method!to!produce!ultrapure!water!which!is!used!in!multiple!
! industries,!including:!!manufacturing,!pharmaceuticals!and!electric!power!generation.!!
!
Ultrapure!water!(UPW)!is!required!for!microelectronics!manufacturing,!pharmaceutical!applications!and!
electric!power!generation.!In!this!project!your!consulting!team!will!be!asked!to!design!a!system!to!
produce!75!liters!per!second!of!UPW.!Process!steps!will!include!an!activated!carbon!filter,!reverse!
osmosis!followed!by!deionization!(DI),!UV!(254!nm)!light!treatment!to!eliminate!organic!contaminants!
and!a!final!ultra!filter.!The!water!being!processed!will!also!have!to!be!heated,!de"aerated!and!pumped,!
so!many!of!the!calculations!will!involve!flow!rates,!velocity!or!residence!time.!Preparing!an!acid!solution!
from!oleum!to!regenerate!the!cation!bed!of!the!DI!unit!is!a!necessary!side!calculation.!!
!
How!do!engineers!help?!!At!this!point,!contaminants!are!measured!on!a!parts!per!billion!or!parts!per!
trillion!level!and!the!water!cannot!be!stored!in!glass!containers!because!it!will!pull!ions!out!of!glass.!!!You!
team!will!need!to!decide!which!chemical!to!use!to!line!the!storage!tanks!and!prevent!corrosion.!!As!an!
engineer,!youll!also!be!concerned!with!humidity!levels!within!the!clean!room!as!well!as!methods!to!
reduce!the!quantity!of!UPW!required!by!the!process.!
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Listen!Up!!!New!Podcast!
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Mopping!up!the!Purest!Water!

Meeting!Water!Quality!Specifications!for!300!mm!Processing!
http://www.liqui"
cel.com/uploads/documents/Meeting%20Water%20Quality%20Specifications%20for%20300%20m
m%20Processing.pdf!
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Ultrapure!Water!Production!
http://www.erc.arizona.edu/Education/MME%20Course%20Materials/MME%20Modules/DI%20Re
cycle%20Module/UPW%20Production%20Process.doc!
Ultrapure!Water!
http://purewaterlab.org/pwl_net/labs/D1_Introduction/D1L1_Overview/Ultrapure_Water.html!
Deionized!Water!
http://www.cal"water.com/pdf/DI_in_a_NutShell.pdf!
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The!Highs!and!Lows!of!High"Purity!Water!
http://www.watertechonline.com/article.asp?IndexID=6632515!
Business!Unit!Microelectronics,!World!Class!Water!Treatment!Solutions!
http://www.christwater.com/NR/rdonlyres/37FB1219"6AAF"4F35"84A9"
956BF43C122D/0/BUBroMicroelectronics_0209_low.pdf!

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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#3!
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!

Get!Active!!!

Land!development!projects!can!have!negative!effects!on!the!natural!ecosystem.!!Learn!how!
! environmental!engineers!design!water!quality!treatment!parks!to!lessen!the!effects.!
!

The!AQUA!watershed!is!a!site!situated!on!a!50!acre!parcel!of!a!Southern!county.!The!storm!water!run"
off!within!this!watershed!discharges!directly!into!the!river,!proceeds!to!CONSERVATION!bay!and!
ultimately!makes!its!way!to!the!headwaters!of!the!Gulf!of!Mexico.!For!more!than!a!decade,!the!
CONSERVATION!bay!has!been!subject!to!increased!pollution!as!a!result!of!the!extensive!land!
development.!The!storm!water!run"off!in!the!river!basin!is!full!of!harmful!chemicals!from!fertilizers!and!
pesticides!which!are!slowly!damaging!the!natural!ecosystem!within!the!bay.!The!development!has!also!
caused!a!rise!in!the!volume!of!storm!water!run"off!which!has!lead!to!the!flooding!of!certain!areas!within!
the!river!basin.!!
How!do!engineers!help?!!Land!development!growth!continues!to!be!a!challenge!and!the!county!is!
seeking!your!teams!help!for!an!innovative!solution!and!improvements!to!the!system.!!!One!of!the!
proposed!idea!is!to!develop!a!water!quality!treatment!park!that!will!provide!a!number!of!passive!
recreational!and!educational!uses!apart!from!saving!the!bay!from!harmful!pollutants.!!As!an!engineer,!
youll!also!need!to!keep!in!mind!that!the!park!will!also!provide!productive!wildlife!habitat,!ecological!
aesthetics!and!environmental!education!for!all!ages.!
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Watershed!Academy!Web!!
http://www.epa.gov/watertrain/wetlands/!
Sweetwater!Wetlands!!
http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/water/sweetwater.htm!
Wetlands!!
http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/!

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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#4!
!
! Get!Active!!!
! Accessing!clean!water!through!a!sanitizing!pumping!system!is!necessary!in!many!third!world!
countries.!!Engineers!use!their!creativity!to!develop!a!gravity!fed!distribution!system!to!keep!the!
! water!flowing.!
!

By!establishing!a!sanitizing!water!pumping!system!from!a!bore"hole"well,!the!water!pumped!to!the!
surface!will!be!free!of!contaminants.!!Some!of!the!design!calculations!are!based!on!the!characteristics!of!
the!well,!such!as!the!capacity!of!the!well!and!the!depth!of!the!water.!A!specific!and!efficient!system!
design!is!a!gravity!fed!distribution!system.!In!order!to!have!a!gravity!fed!distribution!system,!water!must!
be!pumped!to!the!highest!point!in!the!community.!!
How!do!engineers!help?!!Youll!help!solve!this!crisis!by!estimating!the!pressure!of!the!water!at!the!
pumps!depth!when!the!well!is!dry!or!full.!!As!an!engineer,!youll!also!want!to!calculate!the!flow!rate!of!
the!pump,!etc.!
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Explore!more!
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Calculating!water!demand!and!tank!size!
http://www.lifewaterinternational.org/resources/rws5/rws5d3.pdf!
Non"conventional!pumping!
http://www.cd3wd.com/CD3WD_40/HDLHTML/ATWTR002/EN/CH19.HTM!
Sizing!pipe!(head!loss)!
http://www.lifewater.org/resources/rws4/rws4d1.pdf!
Sizing!pipe!
http://www.lifewater.org/resources/rws4/rws4d3.pdf!
Pump!sizing!
http://www.lifewater.org/resources/rws4/rws4d2.pdf!

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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#5!
!
! Get!Active!!!
! Engineers!design!and!create!reverse!osmosis!desalination!plants!to!provide!adequate!supplies!of!
! water!for!the!needs!of!a!medium"sized!seaside!town.!!!
!
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Water!composes!75%!of!the!Earths!surface,!but!clean,!drinkable!water!is!in!short!supply.!!Many!regions!
are!literally!water!starved.!!In!some!regions!of!the!world,!people!do!not!have!adequate!drinking!water!or!
water!for!cleaning.!!One!of!the!methods!used!to!provide!water!in!water!poor!areas!is!desalination.!!The!
process!of!desalination!removes!impurities,!minerals,!and!salts!that!would!otherwise!make!the!water!
useless.!!Your!design!team!will!analyze!the!needs!of!a!town!and!determine!an!adequate!and!cost!
effective!solution.!!!
!
How!do!engineers!help?!!While!the!basic!need!for!water!consumption!is!about!5!liters!per!person!per!
day,!to!meet!all!daily!needs!for!drinking,!cleaning!and!bathing!engineers!need!to!provide!at!least!50!
liters!per!person!per!day.!!To!allow!for!maintenance!and!growth,!systems!should!be!designed!that!
provides!at!least!twice!the!daily!needs!per!person.!!As!an!engineer,!you!will!assist!in!the!design!of!a!new!
reverse!osmosis!desalination!plant.!!The!process!requires!.5!liters!of!filtrate!per!liter!of!water!filtered!per!
day!and!use!pressurized!filtrate!columns!that!are!10!meters!tall!and!5!meters!in!diameter.!
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The!African!Water!Page!
http://www.africanwater.org/basic_needs.htm!
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Desalination!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination!
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Reverse!Osmosis!Desalination!Process!
http://www.lenntech.com/desalination/general/reverse"
osmosis"desalination"process.htm!
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Alternative!Technologies!for!Freshwater!Augmentation!
http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch20.htm!
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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#6!
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Get!Active!!!
Less!developed!countries!can!find!themselves!without!a!readily!available!supply!of!water!during!dry!
seasons.!!Water!engineers!construct!small!earth!dams!that!improve!the!livelihoods!of!rural!citizens!
by!creating!access!to!water!year!round.

Water!harvesting!through!building!small!dams!on!ephemeral!streams!can!collect!water!during!the!rainy!
season!and!allow!for!vegetable!gardening,!livestock!watering!and!water!infiltration!to!nearby!wells!for!
drinking!water!through!the!long!dry!season.!In!Zimbabwe!the!rainy!season!lasts!from!around!November!
to!April!when!dry!river!beds!fill!with!water!and!flow!so!crops!can!be!grown.!The!water,!however,!is!soon!
gone!and!for!the!remainder!of!the!year!there!is!very!little!rain!making!it!increasingly!difficult!to!find!
water!sources!for!livestock!and!human!consumption.!!
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How!do!engineers!help?!!Where!the!topography!is!suitable,!small!dams!can!be!built!across!the!streams!
using!compacted!clay.!These!dams!must!have!a!concrete!or!rock!spillway!big!enough!to!pass!the!
maximum!expected!flood,!even!if!it!arrives!when!the!dam!
is!full.!!!The!construction!of!these!dams!requires!land!
surveying,!calculation!of!flood!flows!from!watershed!
characteristics!and!the!actual!design!and!construction!of!
the!structures.!!Engineers!must!also!consider!social!and!
environmental!concerns!of!the!land!on!which!the!dam!will!
be!built!and!which!will!benefit!from!the!water.!!!
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As!engineers,!your!team!will!work!with!a!development!
organization!to!identify!a!suitable!site!for!a!dam.!!You!will!
measure!the!size!of!the!watershed!so!that!the!expected!
flood!flow!can!be!estimated!so!that!a!large!amount!of!spillway!can!be!designed.!!
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You!will!also!work!out!land!heights!from!survey!data!for!the!actual!design!of!the!dam!and!calculate!the!
volumes!of!material!required!to!build!the!dam!while!also!considering!the!number!of!days!of!work!and!
labor!that!will!be!required.!!Rates!of!evaporation,!infiltration!and!consumption!will!be!used!to!estimate!
how!long!into!the!dry!season!it!is!expected!that!water!will!remain!in!the!dam.!
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Construction!of!Small!Earth"Dams!
http://www.wikieducator.org/CONSTRUCTION_OF_SMALL_EARTH"DAMS!

Small!Earth!Dams!
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical"briefs/48"small"earth"dams.pdf!

Small!Earth!Fill!Dams!
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex4613!

Technologies!for!water!harvesting!and!soil!moisture!conservation!in!small!watersheds!
http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7314E/w7314e0q.htm!

!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#7!
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! Get!Active!!!
! Simple!ideas!at!home!can!save!huge!amounts!of!water!consumption!and!make!a!profound!
! difference!to!the!future!of!our!planet.!
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Water!is!a!precious!resource!too!valuable!to!waste.!!Only!less!than!one!percent!of!all!the!water!on!earth!
can!be!used!by!people!the!rest!is!locked!up!in!the!oceans!or!ice!pack.!!A!Government!Accountability!
Office!survey!of!water!managers!across!the!country!showed!that!36!states!were!anticipating!local,!
regional,!or!statewide!water!shortages!by!2013,!even!under!non"drought!conditions.!!Yet!in!most!
homes,!up!to!30%!of!the!water!that!enters!the!home!is!flushed!away!without!coming!in!contact!with!any!
of!the!occupants!or!their!possessions.!!
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How!do!engineers!help?!Youll!look!at!ways!of!reducing!water!consumption!in!the!home!by!using!other!
sources!of!water!(e.g.,!rain!water!or!condensation)!and!by!becoming!more!informed!on!other!ways!to!
save!water!usage.!!Your!team!will!need!to!think!about!the!problem!at!a!larger!scale!and!perhaps!
examine!the!benefits!to!all!of!us!if!everyone!in!the!nation!practiced!water!conservation.!!As!an!engineer,!
you!may!also!need!to!investigate!ways!to!save!water!that!you!never!previously!associated!directly!with!
water!consumption.!
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Listen!Up!!!New!Podcast!
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High!Tech!Take!on!Toilets!
Explore!more!
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! Water!Consumption!&!the!Built!Environment!
http://www.fbe.unsw.edu.au/cityfutures/publications/researchpapers/researchpaper5.pdf!
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! WaterSense!Program!
http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/index.htm!
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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Scenario!#8!
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!

Get!Active!!!
Urban!areas!are!susceptible!to!stormwater!runoff!which!impacts!the!quantity!and!quality!of!surface!
water!resources!downstream.!!Environmental!engineers!use!green!technology!to!develop!
stormwater!management!systems!that!will!improve!the!quality!of!affected!areas.!!

Stormwater!management!is!an!age"old!science.!History!shows!that!ancient!civilizations!developed!and!
conducted!strategies!to!control!and!manage!stormwater.!Those!days,!stormwater!systems!were!the!
measure!of!civilization.!The!main!objective!of!stormwater!management!in!urban!areas!is!to!reduce!
runoff!that!impacts!the!quantity!and!the!quality!of!surface!water!resources!downstream.!!
Stormwater!management!can!take!place!either!on!site!or!off!site.!On!site!stormwater!management!
implements!systems!near!by!the!source,!whereas!off!site!stormwater!management!implements!systems!
at!a!location!further!downstream!of!the!source.!Usually!off!site!systems!are!bigger!in!size!and!cover!
large!areas!of!land.!
How!do!engineers!help?!!As!engineers,!your!team!will!need!to!identify!and!study!an!existing!or!new!
development!that!includes!residential!and!commercial!land!uses.!!Your!group!will!study!methods!of!
implementing!green!and!sustainable!stormwater!management!systems!on!the!development.!!These!
systems!cover!green!roofs,!pervious!pavement,!rain!barrel,!and!other!low!impact!development!(LID)!
best!management!practices!(BMPs).!!Implementing!these!systems!will!improve!the!quality!and!reduce!
the!quantity!of!runoff!downstream.!!
Your!team!will!also!need!to!identify,!design!and!
build!potential!LID!equipment!that!is!based!on!
green!material!capable!of!reducing!or!removing!
pollutants!from!stormwater.!Examples!include!the!
use!of!organic!material,!peat,!fabric,!recycled!
plastic,!etc.!The!main!pollutants!of!concern!are!
sediments,!nutrients,!and!heavy!metals.!
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Resource!Links!and!Related!web!pages!
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/people/faculty/hunt/!
Stormwater!Management!Course!Material!
http://rpitt.eng.ua.edu/Class/StormWaterManagement/MainSWM.html!

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!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!

Part!2:!Comprehensive!Scenario!!
!
Get!Active!!!
! A!home!town!crisis:!Southern!California!is!currently!facing!a!severe!water!supply!shortage!which!

! requires!decisions!on!how!the!available!water!should!be!allocated.!!Engineers!will!work!together!
! and!use!technology!to!meet!demand!through!smart!use!and!mandatory!reductions.!
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Technology!and!engineering!will!play!a!major!role!in!solving!the!Southern!California!water!supply.!!
Topics!for!Part!2!questions!could!include!using!technology!to:!
! develop!innovative!ways!to!minimize!water!use;!
! assist!consumers!in!meeting!demand!reduction!goals;!and!
! enforce!water!use!restrictions.!
!!
How!do!engineers!help?!Your!team!will!consider!many!topics!ranging!from!estimating!water!demand!to!
finding!alternatives!for!providing!separate!water!supplies!of!potable!and!non"potable!uses!to!optimizing!
the!treatment!technologies!for!the!various!types!of!water!to!be!supplied.!!Engineers!around!the!world!
are!looking!at!both!innovative!desalination!processes!for!potable!water,!and!new!ideas!for!reuse!of!gray!
and!black!wastewaters.!!These!are!applicable!to!both!new!cities!of!the!future!and!retrofitting!of!existing!
communities.!!To!make!the!evaluations!more!interesting,!there!are!
means!to!evaluate!not!only!the!energy!requirements!of!various!
solutions,!but!also!the!relative!carbon!emissions!in!various!levels!of!
detail.!
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Your!team!may!also!need!to!think!about!policy!issues!as!there!are!
many!around!the!topic!of!water!quality.!!!Consider!micro"pollutants!
and!emerging!contaminants!to!what!degree!should!resources!be!
used!to!reduce!concentrations!of!various!pollutants!which!may!or!
may!not!be!resulting!in!health!effects?!!As!engineers,!what!scientific!
processes!should!be!used!to!make!these!decisions?!!How!would!your!
team!justify!this!when!much!of!the!world's!population!lacks!basic!
water!treatment?!!!
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Another!issue!is!the!intensive!energy!resources!used!for!treatment!and!removal!of!contaminants.!!How!
will!your!team!justify!the!resulting!Green!House!Gas!production!and!use!of!non"renewable!energy!for!
this!purpose?!!What!is!the!potential!to!study!the!comparison!of!industrial"type!water!treatment!systems!
vs.!emerging!treatment!systems!often!using!natural!processes!(i.e.!river!bank!filtration!or!constructed!
wetlands)!in!achieving!water!quality!goals?!
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Aquafornia!
http://aquafornia.com/californias"water"crisis!

!TEAMS!2010!Competition!Scenarios!