15.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
15.1 TYPES OF RESPIRATION:
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC

Overview of Chapter 15:

Cellular Respiration
15.1

Types of Cellular Respiration:

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

15.2

Aerobic Respiration

15.3

Anaerobic Respiration

15.4

Alternative Source of Energy

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, student should be able to:
Describe the needs for energy and the role of
respiration in living organism

Describe aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the

requirement for such conditions
Emphasise the structure of ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration is a process of metabolism
(catabolic pathway) which breakdown of
organic compound to release energy in a living
cell

Two types of cellular respiration:

i. Aerobic respiration
ii. Anaerobic respiration

Glucose

Human eat rice

Cellular
respiration

Rabbit eat plants

ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
All living things obtains the energy they need
from respiration.
(a chemical process that breaks down simple
food molecules such as glucose)

The energy is derived from ATP (adenosine

triphosphate)

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Energy is essential for the 7 characteristics of life:

Movement - ATP needed for muscle contraction

Reproduction - Sperm motility
Growth - For cell division
Respiration In cellular respiration
Excitability Transmission of impulse
Excretion Excretion of waste in kidney
Nutrition Ingestion and digestion

Structure of ATP
Cellular respiration
continuously supply
energy in the form of ATP

Phosphate
Group

Adenine Base

Ribose sugar

ATP consists of :
a) Nitrogenous base
adenine
b) Ribose sugar
c) Three phosphate
groups
Each phosphate bond
contains energy, especially
the third bond

Structure of ATP

The bond that

stores the
highest energy

Structure of ATP
ATP acts as temporary energy store.

When ATP is hydrolysed, a relatively large amount of

energy is released.
Hydrolysis

ATP+ H2O

ADP + Pi + energy
Condensation

Adding phosphate is known as phosphorylation.

The enzyme that catalyses this reaction is ATPase

Structure of ATP
Hydrolysis of ATP will either become adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate
(AMP).

How do we get energy from ATP

By breaking the
high-energy bonds
between the last
two phosphates in
ATP through
hydrolysis process
(adding H2O)

Production of ATP

For each molecule of glucose oxidised, about 36 or

38 molecules of ATP released.

Types of Cellular respiration

Aerobic
Respiration

Anaerobic
Respiration

(require oxygen)

(Not require oxygen)

Types of Cellular respiration

Glucose
Glycolysis
Oxygen
present
Aerobic Respiration

Oxygen
absent
Anaerobic Respiration

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport
Chain

Lactic Acid
Fermentation

Alcohol
Fermentation

Aerobic respiration
A metabolic process involving oxygen in the
breakdown of glucose.
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
Occurs in
More

cytosol and mitochondria.

energy per molecule of glucose than

does the process of fermentation.

Aerobic respiration
Involve redox reaction (oxidation and reduction)
the loss one or more electron or hydrogen atoms
from one substance is called oxidation
the addition one or more electron or hydrogen
atoms to another substance is called as reduction

Oxidation
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy

Reduction

Aerobic respiration
Involve 3 metabolic stages :
1) GLYCOLYSIS
occurs in cytoplasm/cytosol
2) KREBS CYCLE

occurs in matrix of mitochondria

3) OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria

Anaerobic respiration

A metabolic process that does not involve oxygen in

the breakdown of glucose.

The process that begins with glycolysis and ends with

the transformation of pyruvic acid/ pyruvate into
ethanol or lactic acid.

This process is called fermentation.

Anaerobic respiration
i) ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

Plant cells, fungi cells , bacteria

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
Glucose

2 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

Ethanol

ii) LACTATE FERMENTATION

Muscle respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
Glucose

2 CH3 CH OH COOH + 2 ATP

Lactic acid