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Health of Populations Equations
Health of Populations Equations
Health of Populations Equations
PY of exposure
number of occurrences
risk of occurrence
Rate =
Rate[0,T] =
CBR[0,T] =
CDR[0,T] =
CRIM[0,T] =
CROM[0,T] =
deathsage range x
PY lived the age range x
Age-specific death rate nMx[0,T] =
=
x+ n between time 0T x +n between Time 0T
nDx
nPYLx
CDR = summ of nMx * nCx (changes in age dist.)
Age-standardized CDR = summ nMx * nCxstandard (if 2 then average age structure, multiple then
median/mean)
deaths
cohort c
n x
ndx
lx
Life Table age-specific DR between x and x+n, probability of dying between x and x+n, survival of cohort
to particular age, life expec at birth, remaining life expec at x
lx = number of people still alive at x
d = number of people dying between x and x+n = lx - lx+n
n x
mx =
nd x
nL x
n x
q =
n x
nd x
lx
n x
T0
l0
Tx
lx
Cohort life table real cohort followed throughout life; backward looking, cannot compute for cohorts that
have not died out
Period life table what would happen in a hypothetical cohort on indiv if subjected to mortality conditions of
a specific period for all of its life, synthetic cohort, describe dying out of synthetic cohort
Uppercase N and D are observed mid-year pop and deaths respectively
mx = nMx =
q =
n x
nDx
nNx
nn m x
1+ ( nnax )nmx
ndx
lx
q =1
infinity x
pick l0 = 100,000
lx+n = lx * nPx
d = lx lx+n
n x
Tx = nLx + Tx+n
ex =
Tx
lx
Cost-effectiveness ratio (CER): compares the cost of an activity/intervention with the known or expected
health gain
HIV incidence rate =
PY lived exposed
of new HIV infections during time period
risk duringtime period