Chemical Equilibrium Tutorial 2012x`

Supplementary Questions
1 An industrially important source of hydrogen is the reaction below.
CH4 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
(a)

Use bond energy data from the Data Booklet to calculate the
enthalpy change of this reaction.
Hr

(b)

CO2 (g) + 4H2 (g)

= 4 410 + 4 460 (2 740 + 4 436)

= + 256 kJ mol-1

Explain how the position of equilibrium might be affected by a

decrease in temperature.
Forward reaction is endothermic. When the temperature is
decreased, by LCP, equilibrium position shifts to the left.

(c)

When a 1:2 mixture of CH4 and H2O was allowed to reach

equilibrium at 500oC and a total pressure of 9 atm, the partial
pressure of CO2 was found to be 1 atm. Calculate the value of Kp.
CH4 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
Initial
Eqm

x
y

2x
2y

CO2 (g) + 4 H2 (g)

0
1

0
4

y + 2y + 1 + 4 = 9
y
= 4/3
4

P P
(1)(4) 4
Kp = CO2 H2 2 =
PCH 4 PH 2O ( y )(2 y ) 2

(1 atm)(4 atm) 4
(4/3 atm)(8/3 atm) 2
= 27 atm2
=

2 Which one of the following systems will have an increased proportion of

products at equilibrium, in separate experiments, both when pressure is
reduced at constant temperature and the temperature is increased at
constant pressure?
A
kJmol-1

3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

N2(g) +

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

B
C
kJmol-1

H = -92
H = +57 kJmol-1

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO (g) + 6H2O(g)

H = -950

I2(g) 2HI(g)

D
H2(g) +
+53 kJmol-1

H =

B has different total number of moles of gaseous reactants and

gaseous products, it is also an endothermic reaction.

3 A SO2 and O2 mixture in the ratio of 1:1 reached equilibrium when 90% of
SO2 has reacted. The total final pressure was P.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
What was the partial pressure of SO3 in the equilibrium mixture?
A 0.0900P

B 0.333P

C 0.420P

D 0.581P

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

Initial

Change

-0.90x

-0.45x

+0.90x

Eqm

0.10x

0.55x

0.90x

Partial pressure of SO2 =

0.90 x
P = 0.581 P
0.10 x 0.55 x 0.90 x

4 For the reaction

Ag2CO3 (s) Ag2O (s) + CO2 (g)
the value of the equilibrium constant Kp is 3.16 103 atm at 298 K and is
1.48 atm at 5000 K.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A
B
C
D

The yield of CO2 will increase at higher pressure.

The yield of CO2 is independent of temperature.
The forward reaction is endothermic.
The value of Kp depends on the amount of Ag2CO3 used.

PCO2 is the only term in Kp expression (all other reactants and

products are gaseous). At higher temperature, Kp is larger indicating

a favoring of the forward reaction; the system is removing the
disturbance by absorbing heat. Therefore, we can infer that forward
reaction is endothermic.

5 In which of the following gaseous systems is the position of equilibrium

shifted towards the products by altering the conditions in the manner
indicated ?
1
2
3

N2O4 2NO2 ; H = +57.2 kJ mol-1; temperature increased

H2 + I2 2HI ; H = +53.0 kJ mol-1; pressure increased
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 ; H = -92.0 kJ mol-1; catalyst added

A
B
C
D

1, 2, and 3 correct.
1 and 2 are correct.
2 and 3 are correct.
1 only is correct.

Option A: By LCP, an endothermic reaction will be favored in an

equilibrium reaction when the temperature of the reaction is
increased. The system is trying to remove the disturbance to the
system.
Option B: Same no. of moles of gaseous reactants and products on
both sides of the equilibrium reaction. Increasing the pressure (by
changing volume) will not affect the position of the equilibrium.
Option C: A catalyst will only speed up the rate of the forward and
backward reaction; there will be no change to the position of the
equilibrium.

6 For the reaction

CH3COOH (l)+ C2H5OH (l) CH3COOC2H5 (l)+H2O (l)
the value of the equilibrium constant is 4.0
(a)

Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, of the reverse

reaction, i.e. the hydrolysis of ethyl ethanoate, stating its numerical
value.
CH 3 CO2H l C2H5OH l 1
Kc

CH3CO2C2H5 l H2O l 4

(b)

In an experiment, 2 mol of ethyl ethanoate and 2 mol of water are

mixed.
Calculate the number of moles of each substance present when
equilibrium is reached.
+ H2O (l)

CH3COOC2H5 (l)
C2H5OH (l)

CH3COOH (l) +

Initial no. of moles/mol

Change (Loss/Gain)/
mol

-x

-x

+x

+x

2-x

2-x

Eqm no. of moles /mol

Let x be the amt of CH3CO2H formed at equilibrium

V be the volume of the system

CH 3 CO2H l C2H5OH l 1
Kc

CH3CO2C2H5 l H2O l 4
x
V
Kc
2x
V
2 x 2 4 x 2

x
1
V

2x 4

x 2 3x 2 0
x 2 rejected or

2
3

= 0.667
(i)

1.33 mol
mol

(ii)

1.33 mol

(iii) 0.667 mol

(iv) 0.667