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Lecture
Lecture
CLL786
Lecture 1
Prof. Rajesh Khanna
Department of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Lecture 1
Fine chemicals
Intermediates
Final products
Active ingredients
Additives
Aids in processing
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Trends in Industry
Custom synthesis
Chemical trees
Lecture 1
Manufacturing processes
Differences between Commodity chemicals
and fine chemicals
labile
unstable at high temperature
sensitive to environment (pH etc.,)
Manufacturing processes
safety
effluent disposal
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Manufacturing processes
Large inventory
Heat transfer limitation unlike continuous processes
multipurpose plants
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Raw material
Time
Waste disposal
Exothermic reactions
Less inventory
Diff. conditions
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Course Overview?
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Course Content
Lecture 1
Course Content
Manipulating equilibrium
Large surface area for mass transfer controlled
reactions
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Process Development
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Process Development
Separation methods
RO
Filtration
Chromatography
Plants (Multipurpose)
Batch or Continuous
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
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Objective
Lecture 1
Textbook
Fine Chemicals Manufacture: Technology and Engineering
Andrezi Cybulski
M. M. Sharma
J. A. Moulign
R. A. Sheldon
Lecture 1
Evaluation
Minor I 20%
Minor II 20%
Major 40%
Term Paper 10%
Assignments 10%
Lecture 1
Classifications of Chemicals
Chemicals are classified based on production volume
and character.
Commodities: large volume and industry
specification (acetone, ethylene oxide phenol
etc.)
Pseudo Commodities: large volume but sold on
the basis of performance (polymers,
surfactants, paints etc.)
Speciality: low volume but sold on the basis of
performance (pharmaceuticals, pesticides,
flavours, fragrances)
fine: low volume but sold as per customers
specification (intermediates for speciality)
Lecture 1
Example
Ampicillin Production
Commodities: Toluene and Glucose
Fine Chemicals: D-Phenylglycine,
6-Aminopenicillanic acid, bulk ampicillin
Speciality: Formulated ampicillin
Lecture 1
Process Selection
Cost of goods (raw material, energy, labour)
supplied (CGS) approach does not work.
Process Profile Analysis is much more useful.
Operating cost
Capital investement
Process control
Risk to personnel and plant
External factors
developed in 1980s, less emphasis on environmental
impact
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13
10
10
50
43
35
Parameter
Number of steps
Special equipment/technology
Subtotal
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High
4
2
6
Medium
6
7
13
Low
8
12
20
Parameter
Reproducibility
Tolerance to abuse
Linearity
Subtotal
High
6
6
2
14
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Medium
4
4
2
10
Low
3
3
3
9
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Medium
43
13
10
24
13
100
Low
35
20
9
12
100
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External Factors
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Example
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