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Power Swing Application
Power Swing Application
Power Swing Application
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Basics
I*XG
I*XL
I*XM
VG VM
sin( )
XG XL XM
P
Pmax
VA
VB
VG
VM
Page 2
20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
90
180
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
P
Pmax
PM=PG
=120
I*XG
=60
I*XG
V
G
VG
=180
0
Page 3
90
20.01.16
VG
I*XL
I*XM
VB VM
I V I*XL
I*XM
A
I
I*XVM
VA I*XL VB
M
I
=60
=120
=180
VB
VM
VA=0
180
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
= 60
normal load condition
= 120
dangerous for
distance protection
Z( = 60)
Z( = 180)
Page 4
= 180
unstable power swing
out of step tripping
Z( = 120)
20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Page 5
20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Continuous
calculation and
monitoring of
Impedances
Zone
First impedance in
power swing area:
algorithm starts to
analyze the
impedance trajectory
automatically sized
power swing area
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
monotony criterion
X
X1
X2
X11
X2
X2
R2
R2
R2
R1
R1
power swing if
R1 and
and R
R22 and
or
X1 and
and X
X22
have
have same
same directions
direction
no power swing if
R1 and R2 and
X1 and X2 have
different directions
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
continuity criterion
power swing
if R or X
exceed a threshold
X
X
no power swing
if R and X are
below the threshold
R
R
Page 9
20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
smoothness criterion
X
X1
X1
R2
R2
R1X2
R1
power swing if
R1 nearly R2
and X1 nearly X2
X2 no power swing if
R1 strong vary from R2
or
X1 strong vary from X2
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Impedance trajectory
will not follow a
perfect elliptical path
difficult to manage
with blinders
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Page 13
20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Trip
Trip
D2
Busbar
2
Busbar
1
3-phase-fault initiates
a power swing in the
transmission network
Transmission network
D3
Trip
3-phase
fault
Trip
Relay 5
D4
Distribution network
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Zone Z2
Zone Z1
ZLoad
R
ZFault
Zone
Zone Z3
20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
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Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
2. impedance in out of
step area detected
3. impedance crosses
the line angle from
the right side
4. impedance leaves
power swing area
at opposite side after
complete crossing
5. impedance crosses
the line angle from
the left side
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
Trip, if the impedance crosses the line angle 3 times inside the
predefined area
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
No Trip
Page 20
20.01.16
7. no trip, if the
impedance crosses
the line angle outside
the predefined
out of step area
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector
conclusion
For the protection of the transmission systems of the future we
recommend a strong coordination of power swing detection, distance
protection and out of step protection.
This method, successfully used in Kazakhstan and Romania has the
following advantages:
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20.01.16
Jrg Blumschein
Siemens AG 2008
Energy Sector