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Chem 315 - Lab 6 - Simple and Fractional Distilation
Chem 315 - Lab 6 - Simple and Fractional Distilation
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of simple and fractional
distillation in separating mixtures of organic compounds based on differences in boiling points.
Experiment:
Date:
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Katheryn Soto
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11/10/25
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#21
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315/204
Approach:
Perform Simple and fractional distillation using a Vigreux Fractionation Column on a mixture of Ethyl
acetate and Butyl acetate with an unknown mole %. Compute the total volume recovered and percent
volume recovered relative to the starting volume. Construct a bar graph comparing the two methods of
distillation. Compute the masses of Ethyl acetate and Butly acetate. Compute the moles of Ethyl acetate
and Butyl acetate. Calculate the total moles present in the mixture. Calculate the mole fractions of each
component in the mixture. Calculate the mole percentage for each component of the mixture. Using the
gas chromatograph, run a chromatogram of a standard equimolar mixture of the two compounds. From
the chromatograph, compute the peak areas, total peak area, mole fraction and mole percents of
distillates. Measure the refractive indexes of the isolated Ethyl acetate and Butyl acetate using the Abbe
refractometer. Adjust raw refractive index values using the temperature correction factor.
References
Text
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., Engel, .G.R., 2011, Introduction to Organic Laboratory
Techniques, A Small Scale Approach, GMU Edition, Chem 315/318, Cengage Learning: pp. 729-740
Slayden, S., Stalick, W., Roth, R, 2014, Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition:
Pearson Custom Publishing: pp. 55-59
Web Site URL
Dr Schornicks Website: http:/mason.gmu.edu/~jschorni/simple&fractionaldist
Unknown or Synthesized Compound
Ethyl acetate, 141-78-6, CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 84th Edition, Lide, D.R., Editorin-chief, 2003-2004, CRC Press, p 3-250, 4871.
Butyl acetate, 123-86-4, CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 84th Edition, Lide, D.R., Editorin-chief, 2003-2004, CRC Press, p 3-80, 1487.
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc # 1
11/10/25
Unknown
molarity ethyl
acetate/butyl acetate
mixture A
Equipment
Heating
Block
Heating
Plate
50 mL
Distillation Flask
Aluminum
plate
Sand bath
Teflon
boiling chip
Distillation
Head
Thermomet
er
Thermomet
er Adapter
Water
Jacket Condenser
2 10 mL
graduated
cylinders
3 labeled
vials with sealing
caps
Desc:
Drawer No.
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Results
Unk No. A
Simple
0.5
0.3
1.9
1.6
1.6
0
5.9
Fractional
1.0
4.2
5.2
Fractional
4.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.1
6.0
11.1
Experiment:
Date:
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Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
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#21
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Experiment:
Date:
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Proc # 2
Materials
Desc:
Drawer No.
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Results
Equipment
11/10/25
Calculator
Equation Setup:
Total Volume Recovered (mL) = Vol Vial 1 + Vol
Vial 2 + Vol Vial 3
Experiment:
Date:
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Proc #5
Drawer No.
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#21
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Desc:
11/10/25
Results
Equipment
Calculator
Equation Setup:
Vial 1
Vial 2
Vial 3
Total
Simple
Vial 1
(10.5 / 19.2) * 100 = 54.7%
Vial 2
(2.8 / 19.2) * 100 = 14.6%
Vial 3
(5.9 / 19.2) * 100 = 30.7%
Fractional
Vial 1
(0.7 / 17) * 100 = 4.1%
Vial 2
(5.2 / 17) * 100 = 30.6%
Vial 3
(11.1 / 17) * 100 = 65.3%
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #6
Materials
Equipment
Calculato
Desc:
Determine total volumes
recovered for specified temperature
ranges by computing the sum of the
fractional volumes.
Equation Setup:
Drawer No.
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Results
11/10/25
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc
# 2
Bar Graph
Results
Materials
Equipment
Ca
lculator
Desc:
Plot results of
simple and fractional
distillations in a bar
graph with temperature
increments on the x-axis
and volume increments
on the y-axis
Equation Setup:
11/10/25
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Experiment:
Date:
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Proc #7
11/10/25
Mass of Compounds
Materials
Course / Section
#21
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315/204
Results
Equipment
Drawer No.
Mass of Compounds
Simple
Calculat
or
Desc:
EtAc
BuAc
Density
(g/mL)
0.9006
0.8825
Fractional
Vol (mL)
Mass (g)
Vol (mL)
Mass (g)
13.3
5.9
11.98
5.21
5.9
11.1
5.31
9.80
Simple
Vol EtAc = 10.5 + 2.8 = 13.3mL
Vol BuAc = 5.9mL
Mass EtAc = 0.9006 * 13.3 = 11.98g
Mass BuAc = 0.8825 * 5.9 = 5.21g
Fractional
Vol EtAc = 0.7 + 5.2 = 5.9mL
Vol BuAc = 11.1mL
Mass EtAc = 0.9006 * 5.9 = 5.31g
Mass BuAc = 0.8825 * 11.1 = 9.80g
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #8
11/10/25
Moles of Compounds
Materials
Calculator
Desc:
Equation Setup:
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Equipment
Drawer No.
EtAc
BuAc
Moles of Compounds
Simple
Fractional
M.W.
Mass
Mass (g) Mol
Mol
(g/mol)
(g)
88.11
11.98
0.136
5.31
0.062
116.16
5.21
0.045
9.80
0.084
Simple
Mol EtAc = 11.98 / 88.11 = 0.136mol
Mol BuAc = 5.21 / 116.16 = 0.045mol
Fractional
Mol EtAc = 5.31 / 88.11 = 0.062mol
Mol BuAc = 9.80 / 116.16 = 0.084mol
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #9
11/10/25
Total Moles
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Results
Materials
Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
EtAc (mol)
BuAc (mol)
Total
Total Moles
Simple
0.136
0.045
0.181
Simple
Total = 0.136 + 0.45 = 0.181mol
Fractional
Total = 0.062 + 0.084 = 0.146mol
Fractional
0.062
0.084
0.146
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #10
Mole Fraction
Drawer No.
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Results
Materials
11/10/25
Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
EtAc (mol)
BuAc (mol)
Total Mol
Fract. EtAc
Fract. BuAc
Mole Fraction
Simple
0.136
0.045
0.181
0.751
0.249
Fractional
0.062
0.084
0.146
0.425
0.575
Simple
Mol Fraction EtAc = 0.136 / 0.181 = 0.751
Mol Fraction BuAc = 0.045 / 0.181 = 0.249
Fractional
Mol Fraction EtAc = 0.062 / 0.146 = 0.425
Mol Fraction BuAc = 0.084 / 0.146 = 0.575
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #11
11/10/25
Mole Percent
Drawer No.
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Results
Materials
Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
EtAc
BuAc
Mol % EtAc
Mol % BuAc
Mole Percent
Simple
0.751
0.249
75.1
24.9
Simple
Mole % EtAc = 0.751 * 100 = 75.1%
Mole % BuAc = 0.249 * 100 = 24.9%
Fractional
Mole % EtAc = 0.425 * 100 = 42.5%
Mole % BuAc = 0.575 * 100 = 57.5%
Fractional
0.425
0.575
42.5
57.5
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
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Proc #12
Gas Chromatography
Materials
Equipment
2L
Gas
Standard ether
chromatography
sample
Microsyrin
2L Of each
ge
vial collected for
simple and fractional
distillations
Desc:
11/10/25
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Results
Instrument Readings
Injection port temp.
120oC
Column temp.
120oC
Detector temp.
120oC
Chart Speed
25.0mm/min
Gas flow rate
10 mL/min (He @ 7PSI)
Moving liquid phase
Supelco Carbowax 20m, 6 ft
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #13
11/10/25
Peak Areas
Materials
Drawer No.
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#21
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Results
Equipment
S2
Fractional
S3
F1
F2
F3
C4
C2
C4
C2
C4
C2
C4
C2
C4
49.5
20.0
124.5
0
0
123.5
9.0
93.0
128.0
Sample A
AreaC2 = 90.0 * 5.0 = 450.0mm2
AreaC4 = 69.0 * 6.0 = 414.0mm2
Simple S1
AreaC2 = 57.5 * 3.0 = 172.5mm2
C2 = EtAc
C4 = BuAc
9.0
4.5
6.0
0
0
6.0
7.0
4.0
5.5
445.5
90.0
747.0
0
0
741.0
63.0
372.0
704.0
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
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Simple S3
AreaC2 = 20.0 * 4.5 = 90.0mm2
AreaC4 = 124.5 * 6.0 = 747.0mm2
Fractional F1
Evaporated
Fractional F2
AreaC2 = 123.5 * 6.0 = 741.0mm2
AreaC4 = 9.0 * 7.0 = 63.0mm2
Fractional F3
AreaC2 = 93.0 * 4.0 = 372.0mm2
AreaC4 = 128.0 * 5.5 = 704.0mm2
Experiment:
Date:
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Katheryn Soto
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Calculator
Desc:
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Materials
Drawer No.
Results
S1
S2
S3
Fractional
Proc #14
11/10/25
F1
F2
F3
C2
88
1.0
450.0
C4
104
0.85
414.0
450.0
351.9
172.5
22.5
172.5
19.1
702.0
445.5
702.0
378.7
90.0
747.0
90.0
635.0
741.0
63.0
741.0
53.6
372.0
704.0
372.0
598.4
S1:
AreaC2(adj) = AreaC2 * TR2 = 172.5 * 1.0 = 172.5mm2
AreaC4(adj) = AreaC4 * TR4 = 22.5 * 0.85 = 19.1mm2
S2:
AreaC2(adj) = AreaC2 * TR2 = 702.0 * 1.0 = 702.0mm2
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
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#21
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Experiment:
Date:
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Drawer No.
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Results
Desc:
Equipment
Calculator
Sample
Simple
Materials
Fractional
Proc # 15
11/10/25
A
S1
S2
S3
F1
F2
F3
C2
C4
450.0
172.5
702.0
90.0
351.9
19.1
378.7
635.0
801.9
191.6
1080.7
725.0
0
741.0
0
53.6
0
794.6
372.0
598.4
970.4
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc#16
11/10/25
Mole Fraction
Materials
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
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Results
Equipment
C2
(mol)
Mole Fractions
C4
Total
Fraction C2
(mol)
(mol)
450.0
351.9
801.9
S1
172.5
19.1
191.6
S2
702.0
378.7
1080.7
Equation Setup:
S3
90.0
63.5
725.0
Mole Fraction:
F1
F2
741.0
53.6
794.6
0.9325
0.0662
F3
372.0
598.4
970.4
0.3834
0.6166
Calc
ulator
Computed by
dividing the individual
adjusted peak areas by the
sum of the adjusted peak
areas in the chromatogram.
Fractional
Simple
Desc:
Sample A:
Fraction C2 = 450.0 / 801.9 = 0.5612
Fraction C4 = 351.9 / 801.9 = 0.4388
S1:
Fraction C2 = 172.5 / 191.6 = 0.9003
Fraction C4 = 19.1 / 191.6 = 0.0997
S2:
Fraction C2 = 702.0 / 1080.7 = 0.6496
Fraction C4 = 378.7 / 1080.7 = 0.3504
S3:
Fraction C2 = 90.0 / 725.0 = 0.1241
Fraction C4 = 63.5/ 725.0 = 0.0875
F1:
Fraction C2 = 0
Fraction C4 = 0
F2:
Fraction C2 -= 741.0 / 794.6 = 0.9325
Fraction C4
0.5612
0.4388
0.9003
0.0997
0.6496
0.3504
0.1241
0.0875
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Fraction C4 = 52.6 / 794.6 = 0.0662
F3:
Fraction C2 = 372.0 / 970.4 = 0.3834
Fraction C4 = 598.4 / 970.4 = 0.6166
11/10/25
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Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
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Proc # 17
11/10/25
Mole Percent
Course / Section
#21
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315/204
Results
Materials
Equipment
Mole Percent
Calculator
Desc:
A
Simple
S1
S2
S3
Fractional
Drawer No.
F1
F2
F3
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
Mole
Fraction
0.5612
0.4388
0.9003
0.0997
0.6496
0.3504
0.1241
0.0875
0
0
0.9325
0.0662
0.3834
0.6166
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
Mole %
56
44
90
10
65
35
12
9
0
0
93
7
38
62
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
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#21
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Summary of Results:
The total recovered volumes for simple and fractional distillation were 19.2mL and 17.0 mL respectively.
The percent volumes recovered for simple distillation were as follows: 54.7% for vial 1, 14.6% for vial 2,
and 30.7% for vial 3. The percent volumes recovered for fractional distillation were as follows: 4.1% for
vial 1, 30.6% for vial 2, and 65.3% for vial 3. The volumes recovered for simple distillation by
temperature range were as follows: 10.5mL from 0-95oC, 2.8mL from 95-105oC, and 5.9mL from 105130oC. The volumes recovered for fractional distillation by temperature range were as follows: 0.7mL
from 0-95oC, 5.2mL from 95-105oC, and 11.1mL from 105-130oC. The masses of Ethyl acetate computed
from the density and the volumes recovered for simple distillation and fractional distillation were 11.98g
and 5.31g respectively. The masses of Butyl acetate computed from the density and the volumes recovered
for simple distillation and fractional distillation were 5.21g and 9.80g respectively. The moles of Ethyl
acetate computed from the masses recovered for simple and fractional distillation were 0.136mol and
0.062mol respectively. The moles of Butyl acetate computed from the masses recovered for simple and
fractional distillation were 0.045mol and 0.084mol respectively. The total moles recovered for simple and
fractional distillation were 0.181mol and 0.146mol respectively. The mole fractions for Ethyl acetate
recovered from simple and fractional distillation were 0.751 and 0.425 respectively. The mole fractions
for Butyl acetate recovered from simple and fractional distillation were 0.249 and 0.575 respectively. The
mole percents for Ethyl acetate for simple and fractional distillation were 75.1% and 42.5% respectively.
The mole percents for Butyl acetate for simple and fractional distillation were 24.9% and 57.5%
respectively. The peak areas calculated for sample A were as follows: C2=450.0mm and C4=414.0mm.
The peak areas calculated for S1 were as follows: C2=172.5mm and C4=22.5mm. The peak areas
calculated for S2 were as follows: C2=702.0mm and C4=445.5mm. The peak areas calculated for S3 were
as follows: C2=90.0mm and C4=747.0mm. The peak areas calculated for F2 were as follows: C2=741.0mm
and C4=63.0mm. The peak areas calculated for F3 were as follows: C2=372.00mm and C4=704.0mm. The
thermal adjustment factors calculated from the standard equimolar mixture were as follows: TRC2=1.0
and TRC4=0.85. The adjusted peak areas for sample A were as follows: C2=450.0 and C4=351.9. The
adjusted peak areas for S1 were as follows: C2=172.5 and C4=19.1. The adjusted peak areas for S2 were
as follows: C2=702.0 and C4=378.7. The adjusted peak areas for S3 were as follows: C2=90.0 and
C4=635.0. The adjusted peak areas for F2 were as follows: C2=741.0 and C4=53.6. The adjusted peak
areas for F3 were as follows: C2=372.0 and C4=598.4. The total peak areas calculated were as follows:
Sample A=801.9, S1=191.6, S2=1080.7, S3=725.0, F2=794.6, F3=970.4. The Mole fractions for Ethyl
acetate calculated from the adjusted peak areas were as follows: Sample A=0.5612, S1=0.9003, S2=0.6496,
S3=0.1241, F2=0.9325, and F3=0.3834. The Mole fractions for Butyl acetate calculated from the adjusted
peak areas were as follows: Sample A=0.0997, S1=, S2=0.3504, S3=0.0875, F2=0.0662, and F3=0.6166.
The mole percents for Ethyl Acetate were as follows: Sample A=56%, S1=90%, S2=65%, S3=12%,
F2=93%, and F3=38%. The mole percents for Butyl Acetate were as follows: Sample A=44%, S1=10%,
S2=35%, S3=9%, F2=7%, and F3=62%.
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
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315/204
Experiment:
Date:
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Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
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#21
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pure separation of the two compounds. In actuality, neither procedure was effective in separating the
components to a reasonable degree of purity. The errors that occurred during these procedures could
be due to a number of variables including the thermal inefficiency of the glassware, improper
placement of the thermometer (which would cause the fractions to be collected inaccurately), distilling
to dryness, and distilling the mixture too quickly.
Experiment:
Date:
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Katheryn Soto
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141-78-6
123-86-4
Ethyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Synonyms
Melting Point
(oC)
Lit -83.8oC
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
-77.0oC
Lit
Exp
Boiling Point
(oC)
Lit 77.1oC
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
126.0oC
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
1.394120
Lit
Exp
1-Acetoxybutane,
Butyl ethanoate
Solubility
(Rel to Water)
Lit soluble
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
Density
Rel to Water
Lit 0.900320g/cm-3
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit 0.882520g/cm-3
Exp
Lit
Exp
Molecular
Formula
Structural
Formula
C4H8O2
C6H12O2
Experiment:
Date:
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
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#21
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