Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3G RF Optimization
3G RF Optimization
Product name
Confidentiality level
WCDMA RNP
Product version
Total 68 pages
3.1
He Fengming
Date
200601-18
Reviewed
by
Date
200603-15
Reviewed
by
Qin Yan
Date
200603-15
Approved by
Date
Revision Records
Date
Revised
version
Description
Author
200412-05
1.00
Initial transmittal
Zhou Xinjie
200503-02
1.01
Zhou Xinjie
200601-18
3.0
He
Fengming
200602-27
3.01
He
Fengming
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03-15
method
for SHO Factor based on DT;
Table
of Contents
Fengming
4.2 Indoor
Test..........................................................................................................................26
4.3 Collecting RNC Configuration
Data.....................................................................................26
Chapter 5 Coverage Problem
Analysis.........................................................................................28
5.1 Coverage Problem
Types....................................................................................................28
5.1.1 Weak
coverage.........................................................................................................28
5.1.2 Cross-cell
Coverage.................................................................................................29
5.1.3 Unbalanced Uplink and
Downlink.............................................................................30
5.1.4 No Primary
Pilot........................................................................................................30
5.2 Coverage Analysis
Processes.............................................................................................31
5.2.1 Downlink Coverage
Analysis....................................................................................31
5.2.2 Uplink Coverage
Analysis.........................................................................................34
Figure 5-4 Distribution of UE transmit
power......................................................................................35
5.3 Coverage Problem
Cases...................................................................................................36
5.3.1 Weak Coverage Cases Due to Improper Engineering
Parameters..........................36
5.3.2 Cross-cell Coverage Due to Improper NodeB
Location...........................................37
5.3.3 Coverage Restriction Due to Improper Installation of
Antennas..............................39
Chapter 6 Pilot Pollution Problem
Analysis.................................................................................41
6.1 Pilot Pollution Definition and Judgment
Standards.............................................................41
6.1.1
Definition...................................................................................................................41
6.1.2 Judgment
Standards.................................................................................................41
6.2 Causes and Influence
Analysis...........................................................................................41
6.2.1 Causes
Analysis.......................................................................................................41
6.2.2 Influence
Analysis.....................................................................................................43
6.3 Solutions to Pilot
Pollution...................................................................................................44
6.3.1 Antenna
Adjustment..................................................................................................44
6.3.2 PICH Power
Adjustment...........................................................................................45
6.3.3 Using RRU or Micro
Cells.........................................................................................46
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List of Tables
Table
3-1
List
of
RF
goals............................................................................................16
Table
3-2
Recommended
software
optimization...................................................................22
for
RF
Table
3-3
Recommended
hardware
optimization.................................................................22
for
RF
Table
3-4
Data
to
be
collected
optimization..........................................................................23
Table
4-1
Configured
parameters
checked.............................................................................27
optimization
before
to
be
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List of Figures
Figure
2-1
RF
optimization
chat................................................................................................13
flow
Figure
3-1
Divided
clusters
project............................................................................................21
in
Figure
4-1
Setting
DT.......................................................................................................................25
Figure
5-1
RSCP
for
1st
ServiceCell........................................................................................32
Figure
5-2
Distribution
of
pilot
SC
ServiceCell........................................................33
Figure
5-3
Analyzing
comparison
coverage......................................................34
for
of
the
UE
UE
Sugar
Figure
5-6
Coverage
near
Xiajiao
optimization).................................................37
1st
and
Figure
5-4
Distribution
of
power...................................................................................35
Figure
5-5
Coverage
near
Xiajiao
optimization)..............................................36
Best
Best
scanner
transmit
Plant
Sugar
(before
Plant
(after
Figure
5-7
Cross-cell
coverage
optimization.........................................................................38
Figure
5-8
Few
cross-cell
coverage
optimization...........................................................39
Figure
5-9
Coverage
restriction
roof.....................................................39
due
to
before
areas
antenna
Figure
5-10
Optimizing
antennas
feeders....................................................................40
blocked
by
Figure
6-1
Pilot
pollution
due
azimuth.............................................................44
to
Figure
6-2
Pilot
pollution
due
tilt............................................................45
to
improper
Figure
6-3
Pilot
pollution
due
cells..........................................................46
to
improper
after
by
adjusting
improper
antenna
antenna
distribution
down
of
Figure
6-4
Pilot
pollution
due
factors..............................................................................47
Figure
6-5
Survey
photo
of
each
pollution.........................................................48
to
cell
ambient
related
to
pilot
Figure
6-6
Pilot
pollution
Rd.........................................................................................49
near
Yuxing
Figure
6-7
Best
ServiceCell
Rd....................................................................................50
near
Yuxing
Figure
6-8
The
2nd
best
ServiceCell
Rd......................................................................50
near
Yuxing
Figure
6-9
The
3rd
best
ServiceCell
Rd.......................................................................51
near
Yuxing
Figure
6-10
The
4th
best
Rd.....................................................................51
near
Yuxing
near
Yuxing
ServiceCell
Figure
6-11
Composition
of
pilot
Rd...............................................................52
pollution
Figure
6-12
RSSI
near
Rd....................................................................................................52
Figure
6-13
RSCP
of
Best
Rd...................................................................53
Yuxing
ServiceCell
near
Figure
6-14
RSCP
of
SC270
Rd............................................................................53
cell
Figure
6-15
Pilot
pollution
near
optimization..........................................................54
Yuxing
Figure
6-16
Best
ServiceCell
near
optimization.....................................................54
Figure
6-17
RSCP
of
best
ServiceCell
optimization......................................55
near
Yuxing
near
near
Figure
7-1
Changing
conditions
cells..............................................................57
for
judging
analysis
report
cell
Yuxing
Rd.
after
Rd.
after
Yuxing
Figure
6-18
RSCP
of
SC270
cell
optimization...............................................55
Figure
7-2
Generating
neighbor
Assistant..........................................58
Yuxing
Yuxing
Rd.
after
Rd.
after
neighbor
by
using
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Figure
7-3
Result
of
missing
cells.....................................................................................59
Figure 7-4 Variation of active
drop........................................60
Figure 7-5 Variation of active
drop.................................60
set
set
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
recorded
recorded
Figure
7-6
RSCP
for
candidate
ServiceCell...................................................................63
by
by
neighbor
UE
scanner
of
before
call
before
call
4th
Best
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Full spelling
CPICH
DT
Drive Test
KPI
MML
OCNS
OMC
PS
Packet-Switched domain
RF
Radio Frequency
RNC
RSCP
RTWP
VIC
VIP
VP
Video Phone
RNO
TMA
HSDPA
CQI
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1 Introduction to RF Optimization
During RF optimization stage, as one of RNO, you optimize radio frequency (RF)
signals. This aims to control pilot pollution and SHO Factor based on DT in
optimizing signal coverage, so that the distribution of radio signals is normal in next
service parameters optimization stage.
Pilot
Chapter
1 Introduction to RF Optimization
2 Basic Processes for RF Optimization
Chapter 3 Test Preparations
Chapter 4 Data Collection
Chapter 5 Coverage Problem Analysis
Chapter 6 Pilot Pollution Problem Analysis
Chapter
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0
1
2
3
Chapter
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Once all the sites are installed and verification is complete, RF optimization starts. In
some situations for a tight schedule, RF optimization might start after the
construction of partial sites is complete. RF optimization is usually performed after
80% of total sites in a cluster are constructed.
RF optimization stage is one major stage of RNO. It aims at the following aspects:
1
2
3
2
Optimizing
signal coverage
pilot pollution
Control SHO Factor based on DT
Control
When the indexes like DT and traffic measurement after RF adjustment meets KPI
requirements, RF optimization stage ends. Otherwise you must reanalyze data and
adjust parameters repeatedly until all KPI requirements are met. After RF
optimization, RNO comes to parameter optimization stage.
Test
preparations
collection
Problem analysis
Parameter adjustment
Data
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1
1
Decide KPI goals for optimization according to the contract
Divide clusters properly and decide test route with the operator The KPI test
acceptance route is especially important.
Prepare tools and materials for RF optimization This ensures smooth RF
optimization.
UE
and scanner data Collect UE and scanner data by the following methods:
DT
Indoor test
Signaling tracing
Call data tracing at RNC side
Configuration data The configuration data and the call data tracing help to
locate problems.
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
You can locate problems by analyzing collected data. After analyzing coverage
problems, pilot pollution problems, and handover problems, provide corresponding
adjustment solutions. After adjustment, test the adjustment result. If the test result
cannot meet KPI requirements, reanalyze problems and readjust parameters until all
KPI requirements are met.
Due to weak coverage, pilot pollution, and missing neighbor cells, the following
problems are related to location:
1
2
3
Downlink
interference
problems
Call drop problems
Access
4 The previous problems occur regularly. You can solve them by repeated
optimization.
If the coverage is good, pilot pollution and missing neighbor cells are not present, the
access and call drop problems need to be solved during parameter optimization
stage. You can refer to corresponding guidebooks. The period for solving uplink
interference problems (RTWP is over high but no high traffic matches it) is long, even
as long as the RF optimization ends. For solutions, see WCDMA Interference
Solution Guide.
Output an updated list of engineering parameters and list of cell parameters after RF
optimization. The list of engineering parameters reflects adjustment of
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1
3 Test Preparations
Deciding
optimization goal
clusters
Deciding DT route
Preparing tools and data
Dividing
Weak
coverage
pollution
High SHO Factor based on DT
Pilot
The index definition is the percentage ratio of the sampling points with the index
(such as CPICH Ec/Io) greater than the reference value in all sampling points.
Usually after RF optimization, the network must meet the index requirements listed in
0.
Note:
0 provides reference indexes, only for guiding RNO engineers to clarify the RF
optimization objectives, not for actual project bidding. Different projects may have
different indexes. The contract decides the actual indexes and values.
0 lists the RF optimization objectives according to analysis of and suggestion to
coverage by existing network.
List of RF optimization objectives in R99 networks
Index
Reference
Remarks
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CPICH
Ec/Io
9dB
97% in
urban
area
97% in
suburban
area
CPICH
RSCP
95dBm
98% in
urban
area
95% in
suburban
area
SHO
Factor
based on
DT
30%40%
Pilot
pollution
ratio
5%
Nt
The 4.5 dB is obtained according to the linear relationship between the SNR of all
the subscriber's HS-PDSCHs and the corresponding CQIs. Namely, SNR = 4.5dB +
CQIUE, and SNR = Ec/NtHS-PDSCH + 10log16.
When calculating CQIUE at UE side, the UE assumes that the total transmit power of
HS-PDSCH is PHS-DSCH = PPCPICH + MPO. Wherein, PPCPICH is the transmit power of
PCPICH. Therefore, Ec/NtHS-PDSCH = Ec/NtPCPICH + MPO. As a result, the CQI reported
by UE is as below:
CQIUE = Ec/NtPCPICH + MPO + 10log16 + 4.5dB
According to previous analysis, the offset between CQI UE and PCPICH Ec/Io is 24
dB. Therefore, in terms of actual optimization, to optimize CQI is to optimize Ec/Io.
Assume that the cell power is dynamically distributed between R99 and HSDPA
networks. After receiving CQIUE from UE, the NodeB adjust the CQI as below:
The CQI adjusted by NodeB, CQI NodeB = ( Pcell - Pcommon PR99 PHS-SCCH (PPCPICH +
MPO ) + CQIUE.
Wherein,
1
2
3
4
Pcell is
Assume:
1
2
3
4
5
Pcell =
43 dBm
20% of total power of cell
No R99 subscribers are in the cell
PR99 is too low to neglect
PHS-SCCH is 5% of total power of cell
Pcommon is
Therefore,
CQINodeB = 1 + CQIUE
According to experience in actual test, based on the difference between the Ec/Io
from scanner and the Ec/Io from UE, reserve a margin of 1 dB. At the edge of cell,
an HSDPA subscriber may occupy total power of cell, so the throughput rate at cell
edge is equivalent to the throughput rate at cell edge for the single subscriber.
lists the relationship among the CQI reported by UE, pilot
Ec/Io, and throughput rate at MAC-HS layer (MPO = 7.5 dB).
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Relationship among the CQI reported by UE, pilot Ec/Io, and throughput rate at
MAC-HS layer
9 > CQI
15 > CQI 9
CQI
15
Subscribers' feeling
Poor
Fair
Good
0320
kpbs
320 kbps
to1.39
Mbps
> 1.39
Mbps
Ec/Io
>
15dB
15dB to
9dB
9dB
The
TB Size
365
365
365
711
711
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10
1055
11
1405
12
1742
13
2083
4
5
According
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1
2
2
In 0:
1
2
3
4
5
3
JB03
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1
and VIC. The DT route should cover all cells as possible. The initial test and final test
must cover all cells. If time is enough, cover all streets in the planned area. Use the
same DT route in every test to compare performances more accurately. Round-trip
DT is performed if possible.
Consider actual factors like lanes and left-turn restriction while deciding test route.
Before negotiating with the operator, communicate these factors with local drivers for
whether the route is acceptable.
Software
Function
Remarks
Genex
Probe
DT
Above
V1.3
Genex
Assistant
Above
V1.3
Genex
Nastar
Analyzing performance,
checking health, and locating
problems
Mapinfo
Device
Specification
Remarks
Scanner
DTI Scanner
Test terminal
and data line
U626, E620,
Qualcomm, and so
on
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HSDPA request, use the data card E620. U626 does not
support HSDPA.
Laptop
PM1.3G/512M/20G/USB/COM/PRN
Vehicle
mounted
inverter
Needed data
Whether is
necessary
Remarks
List of engineering
parameters
Yes
Map
Yes
By Mapinfo or
in paper
KPI requirements
Yes
Network
configuration
parameters
Yes
Survey report
No
Single site
verification checklist
No
4 Data Collection
During RF optimization stage, the key is the optimization of radio signals distribution,
with the major means of DT and indoor test. Before test, confirm with the customer
care engineers the following aspects:
1
2
Whether
the target NodeBs, RNCs, and related CN are abnormal due to being
disabled, blocked, congested, and transmission alarms.
Whether the alarms have negative impact on the validity of test result data. If
the alarms exist, solve the problems before test.
2 DT is a major test. Collect scanner and UE data of radio signals by DT test. The
data is applicable in analyzing coverage, handover, and pilot pollution problems.
Indoor test involves the following areas:
1
2
3
3
Indoor
Indoor test also involves in optimizing handover of indoor and outdoor intrafrequency, inter-frequency, and inter-system.
The DT and indoor test during RF optimization stage is based on VP service.
According to the contract (commercial deployment offices) and planning report (trial
offices), if seamless coverage by VP service is impossible in areas, such as,
suburban areas and rural areas, the test is based on voice services. For areas with
seamless coverage by PS384K service or HSDPA service required by the contract
(commercial deployment office) or planning report (trial office), such as office
buildings, press centers, and hot spot areas, the test is based on the above services.
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1
2
3G
1
2
3
service coverage, the test result will also meet identical coverage requirements
of PS144K, PS128K, and PS64K services.
3G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded voice service
3G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded PS384K
3G ONLY continuous call test by using scanner + unloaded HSDPA
Meaning
Whether to implement
implementation. False
this
index.
True
for
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Setup
Time (s)
Calling
Time (s)
Idle Time
(s)
Call
Count
Collect call data tracing at RNC side while performing drive test. This
help to locate and analyze problems.
Data to be collected includes:
1
Traced
While checking configured data, feed back the improperly configured data (if found)
to product support engineers. During checking, pay special attention to handover
reselection parameters and power setting parameters, as listed in 0.
Configured parameters to be checked
Type
Handover
reselection
parameter
Content to be checked
IntraFreqNCell (intra-frequency
neighbor cell)
InterFreqNCell (inter-frequency
neighbor cell)
InterRATNCell (inter-system neighbor
cell)
Power configuration
parameter
MaxAllowedULTxPower (maximum
uplink transmit power of UE)
PCPICHPower (PCPICH transmit
power)
HSDPA cell
configuration
Weak
coverage
coverage
Unbalance uplink and downlink
No primary pilot cell
Cross-cell
Valley
areas
back
Elevator well
Tunnel
Underground garage
Basement
Areas inside high buildings
Hillside
If the pilot signals are weaker than that required by full coverage services (such
as VP and PS64K), or just meet the requirements, if the PICH Ec/Io cannot meets
the lowest requirements on full coverage services due to increased intra-frequency
interference, problems like difficult access of full coverage services will occur.
If the RSCP of pilot signals is weaker than that of minimum access threshold in a
coverage area, the UE cannot camp on the cell, so the UE drops off the network due
to failing in location updating and location registration.
Solutions
For previous problems, use the following methods:
1
Increase
pilot transmit power, adjust antenna down tilt and azimuth, increase
antenna height, use antennas with higher gain to optimize coverage.
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2
3
If
Solutions
For the previous problems, use the following methods:
1
For
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Introduction
Unbalanced uplink and downlink refers to the following situations in uplink and
downlink symmetric services:
1
2
The
2 If the uplink and downlink are unbalanced, call drops easily. The probable cause
is restricted uplink coverage.
Solutions
For the unbalanced uplink and downlink problems, check for interference by
monitoring RTWP alarms of NodeB. For the method, see WCDMA Interference
Solution Guide.
Other causes may lead to unbalanced uplink and downlink, such as:
1
2
3
Uplink
3 For previous problems, check the work state whether there are alarms, whether it
is normal. Solve the problem by replacing NEs, isolating faulty NEs, and adjust NEs.
4
Solutions
In no primary pilot areas, you can enhance the coverage by strong signals of a cell
(or near cells) and reduce the coverage by weak signals of other cells (or far cells)
by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth.
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>=
95%
Good
if CPICH_RSCP 85 dBm
if 95 dBm CPICH_RSCP < 85 dBm
Poor if CPICH_RSCP < 95 dBm
Fair
Mark the areas with weak coverage or common seamless coverage of large areas
for further analysis. Mark the areas with downlink coverage voids, analyze the
distance relations with neighbor NodeBs and environments, and check the following:
1
2
Whether
Whether
azimuth.
During adjusting antennas, avoid new coverage voids while eliminating some
coverage voids. If the coverage voids cannot be eliminated by adjusting antennas,
construct sites to solve it.
Weak
coverage cell Start Assistant. Analyze scanner-based RSCP for SC, and
you can obtain the signal distribution of each cell (scramble). According to DT
data, if the scramble signals of a cell are not present, probably some sites
cannot transmit signals during test. If a cell cannot transmit signals during DT,
the DT of relative areas must be re-performed. Very weak coverage might be
result of blocked antennas, so you must check the survey report of the site and
check installation of on-site antennas. No (poor) coverage cell might be due to
that the DT route does not cover the cell coverage area. In this case, reevaluate
the DT route for the rationality and perform DT again.
Cross-cell coverage cell Start Assistant. Analyze scanner-based RSCP for SC,
and you can obtain the signal distribution of each cell (scramble). If the signals
of a cell are widely distributed, even in the neighbor cells and the cells next to its
neighbor cells, the signals of the cell is present, the cell encounters a cross-cell
coverage which might be due to over high site or improper down tilt of antenna.
The cross-cell coverage cells interferes neighbor cells, so the capacity declines.
You can solve the problem by increasing the down tilt of antenna or lowering the
height of antenna. Avoid forming new weak coverage areas while solving crosscoverage problems. Pay special
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1
2
Good
Fair
if CPICH_RSCP 85 dBm
if 95 dBm CPICH_RSCP < 85 dBm
>=
95%
Good
if UE_Tx_Power 0 dBm
if 0 dBm < UE_Tx_Power 10 dBm
Poor if UE_Tx_Power > 10 dBm
Fair
For areas with poor index, judge whether the increasing of UE transmit power is due
to call drop or poor uplink coverage. Geographically displayed on the map,
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The former is as a point of sudden increment with call drop while the latter is an area
with seamless coverage unnecessarily with call drop.
Mark the areas with weak coverage or large common seamless coverage for further
analysis. Check whether downlink CPICH RSCP coverage voids exist in the areas
with uplink coverage voids. Solve the problem with both uplink and downlink weak
coverage by analyzing downlink coverage analysis. If only the uplink coverage is
poor without uplink interference (see WCDMA Interference Solution Guide), solve the
problems by adjusting down tilt and azimuth of antenna, and adding TMAs.
Analysis
In 0, the problem lies in that Xiajiao Sugar Plant sector B mainly covers the marked
area but Materials Building sector A partially covers the marked area. Initially
engineers consider enhancing the coverage of the marked area by adjusting the two
cells. According to the survey report, other buildings opposite Materials Building
prevent sector A from transmit signals, so adjusting antenna fails to enhance the
coverage of the areas.
Solutions
Keep the parameter configuration of Materials Building sector A, but adjust the
azimuth of Xiajiao Sugar Plant sector B from 170 to 165, down tilt from 10 to 8.
Aanalysis
For a high NodeB problem, adjust fixed electric down tilt of antenna from 2 to 6.
Because the Erqi Rd. NodeB is at the edge of network coverage, reduce
interferences to other NodeBs by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth. In this
case, no equipment is removed. Engineers solve the cross-cell coverage by
increasing mechanism down tilt and adjusting azimuth.
Solutions
After adjustment of down tilt to 4, the most cross-cell coverage areas are eliminated,
with only few cross-cell coverage areas, as shown in 0.
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1
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1
At the optimization stage after network construction, in front of the traffic lights below
antennas, video quality declines due to VP mosaic and PS384K service is
reactivated.
Analysis
In terms of planning, 3G and 2G antennas are mounted in a co-location site.
According to coverage test data of 2G antenna, 2G signals does not fluctuate
sharply under the site and under the traffic lights. Namely, if the 3G and 2G antennas
are in the same location, 3G signals will cover the areas around traffic lights. The
problem lies in that the 3G antenna is mounted too close to the wall on the roof and
the wall blocks signals so the special installation conditions of antennas are not met.
In addition, the 2G antenna and its installation parts affect the pattern of 3G antenna.
This changes the radiation pattern of 3G antenna. According to the installation
scene, adjusting location of 3G antenna is difficult.
Solutions
According to discussion between 2G and 3G engineers, the minimum adjustment
solution without affecting 2G coverage is as below:
Connect the 3G and 2G TX/RX feeder to two feeders of outside wideband
polarization antenna
Connect the 3G and 2G RX feeder to two feeders of inner wideband antenna.
0 shows the connection.
Optimizing antennas by adjusting feeders
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1
2
6.1.1 Definition
The pilot pollution is that excessive strong pilots exist in a point but no primary pilot is
strong enough.
The
4 Assume that ThRSCP_Absolute = 100 dBm, ThN = 3, and ThRSCP_Relative = 5 dB, and then
pilot pollution exists if all the following conditions are met:
More
than three pilots meet the following condition CPICH_RSCP > 100
dBm.
(CPICH_RSCP1st - CPICH_RSCP4th) < 5 dB
Landform
Building
Street
distribution
distribution
Waters
High
Wide
buildings
streets
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1
2
3
Overhead
structure
Crossroad
Areas
round waters
NodeB
3 The sector azimuth of each antenna is set to cooperate with each other. If the
azimuth is improperly set:
1
2
Some
Weak
factors might cover the same area. This causes excessive pilot pollution.
coverage exist in some areas without primary pilot.
4 The previous two situations might lead to pilot pollution. Therefore you must
adjust the antenna according to actual propagation.
Relative
2
3
Coverage
Antenna
range requirements
types
5 If the antenna down tilt is improper, signals are received in the areas which are
covered by this site. Therefore interferences to other areas causes pilot pollution.
Even worse, interferences might cause call drop.
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1
Ambient Factors
The signals cannot reach the planned state due to the following factors of radio
environment:
1
2
3
4
2
1
2
Landform
Building
distribution
distribution
Waters
Street
Ec/Io Deterioration
Multiple strong pilots interferes useful functional signals, so Io increases, Ec/Io
decreases, BLER increases, and network quality declines.
Capacity Decline
The interference of the areas with pilot pollution increases, the system capacity
declines.
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1
Change
An over large down tilt causes aberration of antenna pattern. To reduce coverage
range by pilot, you can decrease PICH power. Over small down tilt causes cross-cell
coverage. To increase coverage range by pilot, you can increase PICH power.
Adjusting power and adjusting antenna must cooperate.
0 shows the pilot pollution due to improper distribution of cells.
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1
The
The optimization is to reduce weak pilot strength and eliminate pilot pollution,
detailed as below:
1
2
Ensure
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1
capacity is needed. Compared with using RRU, using micro cells is more expansive.
0 shows pilot pollution due to ambient factors.
Pilot pollution due to ambient factors
The area marked in black encounters pilot pollution due to ambient factors. The area
is covered by SC60 cell of NodeB A, SC110 cell or NodeB B, and SC130 cell of
NodeB C. However, shown in 0, hills prevent NodeB A from transmitting signals, high
buildings prevent NodeB B and NodeB C from transmitting signals, so the signals
from NodeB A, NodeB B, and NodeB C are weak. On the contrary, SC240 and
SC250 cells of NodeB D have good propagation conditions in this direction.
Therefore the cross-cell coverage is serious and pilot pollution occurs.
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see 6.3). While eliminating pilot pollution in an area, consider the influence to other
areas and avoid causing pilot pollution or coverage voids to other areas.
Retest after adjustment. Analyze RSCP, Ec/Io and Whole PP. If they cannot meet
KPI requirements, re-optimize the network by selecting new key areas until KPI
requirements are met.
Note:
In the new optimization, do not adjust the cells that was adjusted in last optimization.
You can add other key areas analyzed by Whole PP (the part that does not
correspond to the candidate areas)
No new complete case is available, so an old case is used here. The future version will provide new cases.
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1
Primary
Others
SC220
SC270
SC200
SC200
performed in narrow streets with buildings around, so the signals are blocked. The
suggestion is to adjust the azimuth of SC270 cell from 150 to 130 and the down tilt
from 5 to 3. This enhances the coverage of SC270 cell.
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1
During RF optimization stage, the involved handover problem is about neighbor cell
optimization and SHO Factor based on DT control.
Control the size and location of handover areas by adjusting RF parameters. You
can eliminate handover call drop due to sharp fluctuation and increase handover
success rate.
For other handover problems, see WCDMA Handover and Call Drop Problem
Optimization Guide.
Compare
2 The following checks and methods related to missing neighbor cells are based
on Assistant.
Type information about NodeB and neighbor cells For details, see Assistant User
Manual.
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Decide conditions for judging neighbor cells Change the conditions for judging
neighbor cells by selecting Modify Dataset Property. The default configuration
is that if the difference between the pilot of candidate cell and the base cell is
within 5 dB the candidate cell can be listed as a neighbor cell. The configuration
must comply with the actual configuration of system (overall parameters), as
shown in 0.
Changing conditions for judging neighbor cells
The parameters and meanings are as below (according to default configuration
of RNC1.5, you just list the parameters to be changed):
Parameter
Meaning
Recommended
value
1A Threshold
1A event threshold
3 dB
1A Hysteresis
1A event hysteresis
0 dB
1A Time to
Trigger
0.320s
1B Threshold
1B event threshold
6 dB
1B Hysteresis
1B event hysteresis
0 dB
1C Hysteresis
1C event hysteresis
4 dB
1D hysteresis
1D event hysteresis
4 dB
Count
Threshold
10
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UE Data Analysis
The daemon analysis tool can seldom analyze UE data automatically and generate
missing neighbor cells, so RNO engineers must analyze the missing neighbor cells
one by one for confirmation. Missing neighbor cell might cause call drop or access
failure or cause Ec/Io to deteriorate for a period. Based on data analysis by scanner,
you can easily locate these points with missing neighbor cells, detailed as below:
Compare the active set Ec/Io distribution diagram measured by UE and that
measured by scanner The spots with missing neighbor cells has a poor Ec/Io
measured by UE and a strong Ec/Io scanned by scanner. Locate the areas for
further analysis.
Check the points with poor Ec/Io and check whether the strongest scramble by
scanner is neither in active set nor in monitoring set. If yes, move to the third
step for confirmation. If the scramble exists in the monitoring set, the problem is
not about missing neighbor cell but about Ec/Io deterioration due to handover
(reselection) delay and soft handover failure.
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Check the latest intra-frequency measurement control whether the neighbor cell list
contains the strong scrambles by scanner You can also directly check the
neighbor cells continuation of the base cell under the RNC for deciding missing
neighbor cells.
The following paragraphs describes a case about call drop due to missing neighbor
cell.
Check the Ec/Io coverage information of active set measured by UE, and you can
find that the Ec/Io of the active set is weak near call drop point and the signals are as
weak as lower than 15 dB. The base cell is SC209 cell, as shown in 0.
Variation of active set Ec/Io recorded by UE before call drop
You also need to check data from scanner about the call drop point for the points
with poor signals. The signals , from SC128 cell, measured by scanner is strong, as
shown in 0.
Variation of active set Ec/Io recorded by scanner before call drop
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From 0 and 0, SC128 encounters missing neighbor cell. For confirmation, check the
message process behind to front for intra-frequency measurement control message.
Check whether SC128 exists in the list of intra-frequency neighbor cells. The result is
that SC128 is not in the list of intra-frequency neighbor cells, therefore the call drop
is caused by missing neighbor cell.
If only UE recorded data in the test without data from scanner, confirm by the
following method whether the problem is caused by missing neighbor cell:
Check scrambles of all cells listed in active set measured by UE before call drop
Check scramble information of the cell where UE camps again after call drop and
check whether the scrambles are in active set and monitoring set before call
drop If yes, the call drop might be due to missing neighbor cell.
Check the list of neighbor cells
Principles
You must be very careful to remove redundant neighbor cells. If the necessary
neighbor cells are removed, problems like call drop occur. Therefore follow the
principles below:
1
2
Before
2 Possible Removals
During RF optimization stage, you might remove neighbor cells in the following
situations:
1
2
Remove
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2
Further research will be on how to define the range of difference of SHO Factor based on DT between RF
optimization and KPI
is full and new neighbor relations must be added. Perform test after removal
and confirm that the removal does not cause bigger problems. Otherwise, you
must reselect the neighbor cells to be removed.
2 In the later stages, you can refer to removing traffic measurement statistics. For
details, see WCDMA Handover and Call Drop Problem Optimization Guide.
3
Increase
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0
1
2
Adjust
azimuth
the antenna height
Decrease the PICH power
Decrease
2 The precondition for adjustment is that the adjustment will not cause new
coverage voids, coverage blind zone, and more pilot pollution.
The adjustment proceeds as below:
Start Assistant
Analyze scanner-based RSCP for 4th Best ServiceCell and RSCP for 3rd Best
ServiceCell
Select candidate cells in the 4th Best ServiceCell and 3rd Best ServiceCell 0 shows
the RSCP for the candidates in 4th Best ServiceCell. List the SC136 cell as a
candidate cell.
At this stage, the pilot pollution comes to an end. RSCP for 3rd Best ServiceCell is
more useful in terms of reference. Select the sites or cells to which the adjustment is
applicable and does not break the preconditions. If the actual SHO Factor based on
DT after adjustment is still different from the KPI one, select candidate cells from
RSCP for 2nd Best ServiceCell. The sites are densely distributed in microcell
coverage areas, so the SHO Factor based on DT is much higher.
RSCP for candidate of 4th Best ServiceCell
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8 Adjustment Methods
The adjustment during RF optimization stage include adjusting neighbor cell list and
adjusting engineering parameters.
Most coverage and interference problems can be solved after adjusting the following
site engineering parameters (from superior to inferior):
Adjust antenna down tilt
Adjust antenna azimuth
Adjust antenna height
Adjust antenna location
Change antenna type
Add TMAs
Change site type (such as changing a site supporting 20 W power amplifier to a site
supporting 40 W power amplifier)
Change site location
Construct new site or add RRU
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9 Summary
10.1.3 RRU
Remote radio unit (RRU) physically detach NodeB RF module from baseband
module, so you can place RF module afar without using very long feeders. The
uplink and downlink link budget is improved. Remote RF indicates that the coverage
performance is improved but the system capacity remains the same. Compared with
remote RF, using TMAs increases maximum path loss and lowers NodeB EIRP due
to bringing insertion loss.
used to block signals so that the interference from neighbor cells is lowered and
downlink capacity is increased.
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References
[1] GENEX Probe Radio Air Interface Test Software User Manual
[2] GENEX Nastar WC MA User Manual (DCHN)