COMPARITIVE STUDY ON

DIFFERENT ANTACIDS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT
OF

ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION
2015-16

SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
CENTRAL BOARD OF
DINESHCHOUDHARY
SECONDARY EDUCATION
XII SCIENCE
Guided by
MRS. PRABHA SHEKWAT
HOD CHEMISTRY

Certifica
This is to certify that project entitled COMPARATIVE
STUDY OF COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS has been
successfully carried out by Dinesh Choudhary under my
supervision And guidance in partial fulfillment of Class XII
practical exam for Central Board of Secondary
Education (CBSE) in the session 2015-16.

Signature of Internal
Examiner
__________________

Signature of External
Examiner
__________________

Acknowledgement
It
is
matter of great pleasure for me to present my report
on project entitled
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS
I consider it a great privilege to express my deep sense
of gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mrs.
PrabhaShaktawat for her guidance, encouragement,
assistance, stained & keen interest during tenure of my
project. Without her motivation and help the
successful completion of this project would not have
been possible.

-Dinesh Choudhary

INDEX

Aim:
TO ANALYSE THE GIVEN SAMPLES OF
COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS BY DETERMINING THE
AMOUNT OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID THEY CAN
NEUTRALIZE.

Introduction:
An Antacid is any substance, generally a base or
basic salt, which neutralizes stomach acidity. They
are used to relieve acid indigestion, upset stomach,
sour stomach, and heartburn.

ACTION MECHANISMAntacids perform a neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer

gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the
stomach.
Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) salts +
H2O + CO2

STOMACH ACIDStomach acid is very dangerous. Stomach acid is highly

acidic and has a pH of 1.6. Stomach acid is hydrochloric
acid produced by the stomach. If there is too much stomach
acid it can cause heartburn. One of the symptoms of
heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest or abdomen.

HYPERACIDITYHyperacidity simply means increase of acidity in the

stomach. The human stomach secretes hydrochloric acid
which is necessary for the digestion of food. When the
stomach contains an excessive amount of hydrochloric
acid, then the condition is called as hyperacidity or acid
dyspepsia.

SIDE EFFECTS Calcium carbonate:

Regular high doses may cause alkalosis, which in turn
may result in kidney stones. Carbon dioxide formation can
also lead to headaches and decreased muscle flexibility.
Magnesium hydroxide:

Has laxative properties. Magnesium may

accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to
hypomagnesaemia, with cardiovascular and
neurological complications.

TYPESMagnesium Hydroxide-

Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the

chemical formula Mg(OH)2. As a suspension in water, it is
often called milk of magnesia because of its milk-like
appearance. Magnesium hydroxide is common component
of antacids and laxatives; it interferes with the absorption of
folic acid and iron.

PREPARATIONMagnesium hydroxide can be precipitated by the metathesis

reaction between magnesium salts and sodium, potassium,
or ammonium hydroxide:
Mg2+ (aq.) + 2 OH (aq.) Mg(OH)2 (s)

BIOLOGICAL METABOLISMThe hydroxide ions from the Mg(OH)2 combine with

acidic H+ ions produced in the form of hydrochloric acid by
parietal cells in the stomach to produce water. Only a small
amount of the magnesium from milk of magnesia is usually
absorbed from a person's intestine

CALCIUM CARBONATE-

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the

chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found
in rock in all parts of the world.
Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural
lime, and is usually the principal cause of hard water. It
is commonly used medicinally as a calcium supplement
or as an antacid.

PREPARATIONCalcium carbonate can be produced from a pure quarried

source (usually marble). Alternatively, calcium oxide is
prepared by calcining crude calcium carbonate.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Water is added to give calcium hydroxide carbon dioxide is
passed through this solution to precipitate the desired
calcium carbonate, referred to in the industry as precipitated
calcium carbonate (PCC):
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O

SODIUM BICARBONATE-

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the

chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Sodium
bicarbonate is a white solid.It has a slight alkaline taste
resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate).
It is found in its dissolved form in bile, where it serves
to neutralize the acidity of the hydrochloric acid produced
by the stomach.

PRODUCTIONNaHCO3 is mainly prepared by the Solvay process, which

is the reaction of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride,
ammonia, and carbon dioxide in water The initial reaction
produces sodium carbonate:
CO2 + 2 NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
Further addition of carbon dioxide produces sodium
bicarbonate, which at sufficiently high concentration will
precipitate out of solution:
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2 NaHCO3

INVESTIGATORY
EXPERIMENTAIMTo analyse the given samples of commercial antacids by
determining the amount of hydrochloric acid they can
neutralize.

MATERIAL REQUIREDBurettes, Pipettes, Titration Flasks, Measuring Flasks,

Beakers, Weight Box, Fractional Weights, Sodium
Hydroxide, Sodium Carbonate, Hydrochloric Acid,
Phenolphthalein

PROCEDURE Prepare 1 litre of approximately N/10 HCl solution by

diluting 10 ml of the concentrated acid for one litre.
Similarly, make 1 litre of approximately N/10 NaOH
solution by dissolving 4.0g of NaOH to prepare one litre
of solution.
Prepare N/10 Na2CO3 solution by weighing exactly 1.325
g of anhydrous sodium carbonate and then dissolving it in
water to prepare exactly 0.25 litres (250 ml) of solution.
Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it against the
standard Na2CO3 solution using methyl orange as
indicator.
Similarly, standardize NaOH solution by titrating it against
standardized HCl solution using phenolphthalein as
indicator.
Powder the various samples of antacid tablets and weigh 1.0
g of each.
Add a specific volume of standardised HCl to each of the
weighed sample is taken in conical flasks. The acid should
be in slight excess, so that it can neutralize all the alkaline
component of the tablet.
Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein and warm the flask till
most of powder dissolves. Filter off the insoluble
material.
Titrate this solution against the standardised NaOH
solution, till a permanent pinkish tinge is obtained.

CALCULATION1.Standardization of HCl solutionVolume of N/10 sodium carbonate solution taken=20.0 ml

S. No.

Initial burette
readings

Final burette
Readings

Volume of acid
used

0.0 ml

15 ml

15.0ml

0.0 ml

14 ml

14.0ml

0.0 ml

15 ml

15.0ml

Concordant reading=15.0 ml
Applying normality equation
N1V1(acid)=N2V2(base)
N1 (15) = (1/10) 20
Normality of HCl solution, N1 = 0.133N

2. Neutralization of standardized HCl solution usedS.no.

1

Initial burette
Final burette
Volume of HCl
reading
reading
used
0.0ml
26.6ml
26.6ml

0.0ml

26.5ml

26.6ml

0.0ml

26.6ml

26.6ml

Concordant reading=26.6ml

3. Analaysis of antacidsWeight of the antacid tablet powder=

10mg
Volume of HCl solution
added=20ml

s.no Antacid
1
2
3
4

Initial readingFinal readingVolume

of
burette
of burette
Na2CO3
Gelusil
0.0ml
15.0ml
15.0ml
Aciloc 150
0.0ml
22.0ml
22.0ml
Fantac 20
0.0ml
25.0ml
25.0ml
Ocid 10
0.0ml
7.0ml
7.0ml

Results:The most effective antacid out of the taken samples is acid

10.

Bibliography-

In t e r n e t A n d

C o m p r e h e n s iv e

N C E R T B o o k A n d O t h e r R e fe r a n c e s