To the Student

Exposure to and imitation of appropriate models of spoken English

are essential to the acquisition of a high performance level in
pronunciation.
The activities in this handbook consist of a set of exercises aimed at
providing you with elementary practice in the recognition and
production of a number of phonological features, with special
attention to English vowel and consonant phonemes. These
exercises are also expected to help you become aware of and
develop different strategies that may prove useful to you as a
learner of a foreign language and prospective EFL professional.
Such strategies include:
Using a dictionary
Resorting to the visual representation of sounds
Associating symbol and sound
Giving and receiving feedback from peers
Pronunciation self-awareness
Pronunciation self-assessment
Self-confidence
Self-monitoring
Finally, this material will help you gain an insight into English as a
foreign language, which will positively contribute to your language
proficiency as a whole.

THE PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

Listen to your teacher and complete the graph with the different labels.

Adapted from http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~llsroach/phon2/artic-basics.htm

ENGLISH SOUNDS IN FOCUS

Vowel Sounds
Pure Vowel Sounds

.t9.

.h9.

.H.

.T.

.N9.
.?. .29.
/e/

.U.

.P.

.z.
.@9.

1. .h9.

read

.qh9c.

2. .H.

swim .rvHl.

3. .d.

bed

.adc.

4. .z.

bat

.azs.

5. .@9.

6. .P.

car

7. .N9.

7. .N9. door

.cN9.

8. .T.

8. .T. book .aTj.

9. .t9.

9. .t9. two .st9.

10. .U.

10. .U. cup .jUo.

11. .29.

11. .29. shirt .R29s.

12. .?.

12. .?. ladder .!kzc?.

.j@9.

clock .jkPj.

1.a. Listen to these words. Those on the left have sound .H. as in
swim, and those on the right have sound .h9. as in read.

chip

cheap

lip

leap

will

wheel

filled

field

b. Listen again and write a number next to the words according to

the order in which you hear them.

2. Sort out these words into two groups according to whether they
are pronounced with .h9. or .H..

tip shield fill kneel - tea live cheese it - feel ski - cream

/ h: /

/H/

3. Complete the chart with the element that is missing in the minimal pair.

a) eat
b) neat
c) __________
d) seat
e) eel

__________
__________
bit
__________
__________

f) __________
g) __________
h) teen
i) reach
j) __________

hill
grin
__________
__________
slip

4. Look at the following pictures. Read the sentences that describe the
differences between them and identify the vowel sounds with which the
underlined letters are pronounced.

a. There isnt a guitar in picture B.

b. There isnt a piece of meat on the table in picture B.
c. Theres a violin on the wall in picture A.
d. There are four sheep in picture A.
e. There isnt a pig in picture B.

f. The mirror in picture A is reflecting a man with thick lips. Hes

showing his teeth.
g. Theres a fish swimming in the aquarium in picture A.
h. The person with his feet on the window is holding a cigarette in
picture B.
Adapted from Pronunciation Games (1996)

5. Listen and match the picture with the correct transcription.

1.



2.

.odm.

.ozm.

5.

.gzc.

.gdc.

.rzj.

6.

.rdj.

3 -

4.

.ldm.

.lzm.

.admc.

.azmc.

.Rzk.

.Rdk.

6. Listen to the following pairs of words. Are they pronounced

the SAME vowel sound or a DIFFERENT one?

a.

Same

with

Different

b.

Same

Different

c.

Same

Different

d.

Same

Different

e.

Same

Different

f.

Same

Different

g.

Same

Different

h.

Same

Different

i.

Same

Different

j.

Same

Different

7. Listen to these sentences and circle the word you hear.

a. A trek / track through the dense forest.

b. They meshed /mashed potatoes and squash.
c. He won a bet / bat in a party last night.
d. Ellen / Allen came over this morning.
e. The heavy pedals / paddles were difficult to move.
f. All sorts of gems / jams were displayed in the souvenir shop.

8. a. Listen and circle the drawing of the word you hear. Then add
the missing symbol to the phonemic transcriptions.

.j----o.
.g----s.

.j ----o.

.g----s.
7

.a----f.

.a----f.

.j----s.

.j-----s.

.j----a.

.j----a.

b. Listen to the sentences and write the word you hear.

1. The ______ was hidden behind the clothes.

2. Black ______ are very common.
3. George bought a straw ______ in a tiny village a month ago.
4. Be careful! That ______ looks really nasty.
5. She put her ______ down on the table.
6. You should wash that ______.

9. Listen to these verbs and circle the one you hear Past Simple or
Past Participle.

Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

Begin

Began

Begun

Drink

Drank

Drunk

Ring

Rang

Rung

Run

Ran

Run

Sing

Sang

Sung

Swim

Swam

Swum

Stink

Stank

Stunk

Adapted from Headway Intermediate Pronunciation (1990)

10. Listen and write down the word you hear. Then add the missing
phonemic symbol to the transcription.

a. ____________________ .sq------j.
b. ____________________ .!----Mjk.
c. ____________________ /r..g/
d. ____________________ /f..n/
e.___________________ .l-----sR.
f. __________________ .l ---- c.
g. ____________________ /b.....s/
h. ____________________ .q-----R.
i. ____________________ .jq-----R.
i- ____________________ .k-----j.

11. Listen and match the word with the correct vowel sound
/@:/ or /2:/.

/@:/

cart

birth

/2:/

fur

purse

scarf

dirt

12. Listen to your teacher and circle the word you hear.
a)

bath

birth
9

b)

barn

burn

c)

cart

curt

d)

dart

dirt

e)

far

fur

f)

farm

firm

g)

fast

first

13. Listen to these sentences and complete the blanks with the
missing symbol.

a. The puppies.a ---- S. will be inside the house.

b. Bobs .e ---- l. is growing by leaps and bounds.
c. The .e ----rs. bus leaves London at 7 oclock.
d. .a ---- s. is not coming tonight.
e. The guards checked our .o ---- rHy. before going into the
stadium.
f. That .c --- s. on the wall looks terrible.

14.a. Listen to these words. Those on the left have sound .P. as in
clock, and those on the right have sound .N9. as in door.

cot

caught

fox

forks

not

nought

often

orphan

pot

port

shot

short

10

spot

sport

was

wars

scotch

scorch

cock

cork

b. Listen again and circle the word you hear.

http://davidbrett.uniss.it/phonology/vowel%20sounds/MinimalPairsCotCaught/Minimal%20Pairs
%20Cot%20v.%20Caught1.html

15. Listen to the following sentences and identify words that contain
.P.-

- I drink a hot cup of coffee for breakfast everyday.

- My dog has got a pot with lots of bones.

- Stop moaning! Its impossible to concentrate!

- I received a box of chocolates for my birthday.

- The doctor wasnt in the hospital when I called him.

16. a. The past and past participle of some irregular verbs are
pronounced with .N9.- Can you mention them while you write
them in the box below?

11

b. Now listen and repeat them.

fought

bought
brought

thought
taught

caught

c. Complete the following sentences with the correct verb from the box.
Then, practice reading the sentences in a loud voice.

- England ............. against Argentina in 1982.

- I ........... about you all day yesterday.

- My sister .............. a cold last week.

- John ........... English when he was young.

- Ive ............. you a present.

-

My family ... a puppy last month.

17. What are these? Look at the following pictures and sort out their
names according to the sounds with which they are pronounced- .P.
or .N9.

12

.P.

.N9.

18. Although the following words are all spelled with oo, they are
pronounced with different vowel sounds. Listen and group them
accordingly.

Cook

Food

Look
Boot
Smooth
Good
Moon
Stood
Wool
Room
Shook
Foot
Book

.T.

.t9.

13

19. Listen to these groups of words and circle the one that is not
pronounced with .T..

a. wolf loose hood brook

b. wood took pool rook
c. rule puss push - butch
d. oops! - proof nook hook
e. pull duke full bull

Schwa is
the most
common
sound in
the English
Language

Schwa is the weakest of all vowel

sounds. Consequently, it occurs
only in unstressed syllables.

Mind you!
Not all
unstressed
syllables are
pronounced
with .?.-

Getting it correct will

help you sound
more natural and
fluent.

A curvaceous young
phoneme called schwa,
said "I never feel strong.
It's bizarre!
I'm retiring and meek,
And I always sound weak,
But in frequency counts
I'm the star!"

14

20. Listen to these words and underline where in the word .?. occurs
as a pure vowel. The first one has been done for you.

Banana

Doctor
Summer
Pupil

Tomorrow
Level

Bicycle

Difficult
Protect

Measure

Survive
Wizard

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/features/schwa/

21. Listen to these sentences and underline where .?. occurs. It may
occur more than once in each sentence.

a. Its for you.

b. It takes a lot of time.
c. How about a cup of tea?
d. What are you doing tonight?
e. What time will you arrive at Victoria?
f. I was going to tell you.
g. The leisure centre is closed for a private function.
h. The airport is not far from the capital city.
i. The book is about pronunciation.
j. We need more financial support.
k. You need to pay attention all the time
l. It is a very thorough report.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/features/schwa/

15

22. Listen to the following words and place them under the right
column.

horse

black

up

call
cup

bed

bin
lamp

/H/

class

car

/e/

ship

cheque

course

dream

/i:/

hot

/z/

rich

/@:/

rock
egg

/P/

/N:/

/U/

16

23. What word do the following pictures represent? Say the words aloud
and match the picture with the correct symbol. Then, check with a
partner.

.d.

.z.

.U.

.@9.

.h9.

.T.

.H.
.29.

.t9.

.N9.

17

24. Listen and read the following dialogue and find at least one
example to illustrate all the pure vowel sounds in the English
phonological system (Do not pay attention to the underlined
words yet).

CALLING THE TRAVEL AGENCY

TRAVEL AGENT (TA): Will Bridges Travel Agency. Good morning!
Can I help you?
SUSAN (S): Yes. I need some information, please.
TA: Yes?
S: Well, I know its rather late for a reservation, but were three
friends and wed like to travel to Greece next July.
TA: Lets see Where would you like to stay?
S: Weve been told Mikonos is one of the best islands in the
Mediterranean. Would
that be possible?
TA: Its quite difficult in July.
Would you like to stay
at a hotel?
S: Wed rather make a selfcatering arrangement.
TA: Are you thinking of a villa
or an apartment?
S: I guess a small apartment
would be cheaper.
TA: Provided its not during July Yes. You know prices are lower
out of season. How long would you like to stay?
S: About a fortnight. But it might be difficult to change dates, you
know Were three and have different times available.
TA: I see How many did you say you were in the party?

18

S: Therell be three of us. All girls, so we need a safe place near the
beach. But we cannot spend more than a hundred pounds a
day.
TA: For that price, you wont have many options, Im afraid But,
let me find out. If you could arrange to make it in late June, I
might have a bedsitter for 75 pounds. We could accommodate
three single beds, and it's five minutes walk from the main
beach in Mikonos.
S: Id love that. Whats the name of the beach? Have you got it
handy?
TA: Yes. Its Super Paradise. Have you heard about it?
S: Yes! My parents went there on their honeymoon and they still
keep advising people to visit it. Anyway, I need to talk it over
with my friends, though. One
of them works during June.
She might not be able to
change dates.
TA: Well Contact your
friends, come to an
agreement, and give me
a ring again. My name is
Arnold Smith. Youll find
me here any working day from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., but not on
Saturdays. But remember we only have a month left so you
need to make up your minds Id say today or tomorrow.
S: I will. Thank you, Arnold. Youve been very kind.
TA: Wait! You havent given me your name.

19

S: Sorry. Im Susan Perkins, from Kensington. Susan Perkins. P-ER-K-I-N-S. Ill get back to you tomorrow without fail, Arnold.
Thank you, again. Bye.
(www.learnenglish.britishcouncil.org)

20

Diphthongs

.H?.

.T?.

.dH.

.?T.

.NH.

.d?.

.`H.

.`T.

.dH.

rain

.qdHm.

.`H.

eye

.`H.

.NH.

toy

.sNH.

.?T.

rose

.q?Ty.

.`T.

house

.g`Tr.

.d?.

chair

.sRd?.

.H?.

beer

.aH?.

.T?.

tourist

.!sT?qHrs.

21

25. In each pair, circle the word you hear.

1.

two

tour

10. bite

boat

2.

cheer

chair

11. tail

tile

3.

day

die

12. add

aid

4.

Clare

clear

13. boot

boat

5.

cell

sail

14. how

hear

6.

clone

clown

15. firm

fame

7.

oil

owl

16. cut

Kate

8.

ray

row

17. caught

coat

9.

buy

boy

18. more

mow

26. Identify what words the following pictures represent and complete the
transcription with the correct diphthong.

.r ----k.

.sR ----.

.jk --- my.

.a --- s.

.m --- y.

.j --- s.

.a ---.

.g ---.

22

27. Listen to the pronunciation of the following words. Pay attention

to the diphthong in each word and then put the words in the
corresponding bubble.

bear
ice
brain
toy
boat
beer
mouse
tour
chair
bike
coin
phone
ear
cow
poor
chain


/eH/

/T?/

/aH/

/e?/

/NH/
DIPHTHONGS

/H?/

/aT/

/?T/

23

28. Listen to these sentences and complete the blanks in the

phonemic transcriptions with the symbol for the diphthong you
hear.

a) The NAME Sudoku is Japanese, meaning single numbers.

/n . m/
b) But the GAME is believed to be an American invention,
.f ---- l.
CREATED by a man named HOWARD Garns.
.jqH! ---- sHc. .!g ---- ?c.
c) The earliest KNOWN examples of the game were published in
.m ---- m.
NINETEEN seventy nine.
.!m ---- msh9m.
d) In the nineteen EIGHTIES, the game APPEARED in Japan under
/!---- sHy/
.?!o ---- c.
the name Sudoku.
e) In recent years, NEWSPAPERS in Britain began publishing the
.!mit9yo ---- o?y.
game.
f) And last YEAR, its popularity spread back to the UNITED
.!i ---- /
.it9!m ---- sHc.
STATES.
.rs ---- sr.

g) NOW the games are FOUND in several MAJOR American
.m ---- . .e ---- mc. .!l ---- cY?.
newspapers, in bookstores, and on the Internet.
h) You can even PLAY Sudoku on cellular TELEPHONES.
.ok ---- . .!sdkHe ---- my.

i) Sudoku is DESIGNED to be played BY one person.
.cH!y ---- mc. .a ----.
j) The rules of the game are simple, ALTHOUGH completing it can
.N9k!C ---- .
be extremely difficult, especially HIGHER-level Sudoku games.
.!g ---- ?.
http://www.manythings.org/listen/sudoku.html

24

29. Listen and then read the dialogue in exercise 24 paying special
attention to the pronunciation of the underlined words. Then,
group them in the corresponding column.

/eH/

/aH/

/NH/

/aT/

/?T/

/H?/

/e?/

/T?/

For further practice on vowel sounds, visit the following sites:

http://www.esltower.com/PRONUNCIATION/interactive/Vowel%20sounds%20
phonetic%20exercise%20-%20output/quizmaker.html
http://www.esltower.com/PRONUNCIATION/interactive/Single%20vowel%20s
ounds%20practice%20-%20output/quizmaker.html
http://www.esltower.com/PRONUNCIATION/interactive/vowelsoundsquiz.qzpp
/index.html
http://www.btinternet.com/~eptotd/vm/vowelmachine/vowelmachine.htm

25

CONSONANT SOUNDS
Place of
articulation
Manner of
articulation

Bilabial

Plosive

o a

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

s c

Pencil Bag
.!odmrk..azf.
Fricative

e u

r y

S C
Thumb Father
.SUl. .e@9C?.

Sun Zebra
.rUm. .!ydaq?.

j f

R Y

Hand
.gzmc.

King
.jHM.

Shoe Television
.Rt9. .!sdkHuHYm.

sR cY

Whale
.vdHk.
Lateral

Glottal

Rain
.qdHm.

Mouse
.l`Tr.
Approximant

Velar

Cat Gift
.jzs..fHes.

Cheese Jet
.sRh9y. .cYds.
Nasal

Palatal

Ten Dog
.sdm. .cPf.

Fish Van
.eHR..uzm.
Affricate

Postalveolar

Xn,xn
.!i?T i?T.

Write
.q`Hs.

Light
.k`Hs.

26

30. To produce the sounds at the beginning of each of the following

words, there is complete closure of the articulators and then the
air kept in your mouth is released suddenly. Listen and repeat the
words.
/p/
pay
park
page
purple
postman

/b/
back
buy
better
borrow
business

/t/
talk
table
tourist
tidy
tennis

/d/
dance
date
disco
dollar
different

/k/
kind
cook
coffee
colour
kitchen

/g/
give
gate
guess
going
garden

31. Listen and circle the word you hear.

o. coat

goat

i. tame dame

p. cap

gap

beg

j. Ted

q. came game

d. pen

Ben

k. tense dense

r. class glass

e. pies

buys

l. tie

s. card

guard
gay

a. peas bees

h. time

b. pad

bad

c. peg

dime

dead

die

f. peach beach

m. tomb doom

t. K

g. porn born

n. tear

u. cave gave

dear

32. Tom, Deborah, Kathy, Gary, Pam and Barbara are thinking about
presents they would like for their birthdays. Tom wants things that
begin with the sound /t/, Deborah with the sound /d/, Kathy with the
sound /k/, and so on. What presents do they each want? Make
sentences like these:

Tom wants trousers.

27

 Deborah wants a dictionary.

Who wants most presents?

Who wants fewest presents?
Can you suggest some other presents they might like?

33. Listen and repeat the following words.

feel after leaf

very
travel

off coffee phone autograph

laugh
every have
leave five
seven

28

34. Listen and complete the transcription of the following words with /f/
or /v/.

a. .----dqh.
b. .a?kh9 ----.
c. .---- `Hm.
d. .!r29 ---- Hr.
e. .---iT?.
f. .cH!---- `Hm.
f- .----zs.

35. Fill in the blanks below the picture using the words in the box.
Then, listen and repeat.

36. Listen and say these phrases and sentences.

/f/
1. Forty five

45
29

2. A family photo

3. Im feeling fine

4. The fourteenth of February

5. When I asked for her autograph she just laughed.

/v/

1. Were leaving at five past seven.

2. A visa for a seven-day visit.

3. Stephen lives in a village.

Adapted from English Pronunciation in Use. Elementary. (2007)

To make the sound /S/, touch the back of your upper teeth with your tongue.
Push out air between your teeth and your tongue. /S/ is a voiceless sound.
To make the sound /C/, do the same but use your voice.

30

37. a.The letters th can be pronounced /S/ or /C/. Put these words into
the columns below according to the pronunciation of the letters th.

grandfather

other
thing
month

them
clothes
their

three
athlete
leather

north
health

/S/

/C//

north

grandfather

b. Listen and check your answers. Practise reading the words.

38. Read these mini-dialogues out loud with a partner. Then, write the
correct symbols on top of the words that contain the sounds .C. or .S..

A: Sorry I broke those plates.

B: Thats all right. I didnt really like them.

31

A: There are your theatre tickets!

B: Thanks a lot.

A: Its Toms birthday on Thursday.

B: Yes, and I havent got him anything.

A: Do you like my leather trousers?

B: I think theyre great!

A: How much is that watch worth?

B: About thirty pounds.

A: This musics boring.

B: Shh! My brother likes the Beatles!

Adapted from New Headway Pre- Intermediate (2001).

32

39. Listen and repeat these words.

.r.
sad city
science
scream
class glass
concert
lost
bus place

/z/
zoo

zero lazy
easy
zone
exact
prize
wise
times

40. Listen and decide which word in the pair is said first.

ice

eyes

Sue

zoo

place

plays

33

niece

knees

price

prize

41. Does /s/ or /z/ occur in the following words? Complete the phonemic
transcriptions with the correct sound

these
.Ch9----.

isnt
.!H----ms.

certainly
size
.!----29smkh. .----`H----.

words
style
.v29c----. .----s`Hk.
please
.okh9----.

dress
.cqd----.

pronounce
.oq?!m`tm----.

suits

.rt9s----.

its
.Hsr.

42. Complete the dialogues with the words from the previous activity and
practise reading them aloud.

1. A: Do you like this dress? B: The .

you, but. the wrong,
it?
2. A: Can you .. .. for me,
..? B: Yes,
Adapted from English Pronunciation in Use. Intermediate (2003) and Elementary (2007)

43. a. Listen and repeat the following words.

b. Listen again and write a number next to the words according
to the order in which you hear them.

.R.

shop

.Y.

television

34

fashion

Asia

ocean

usually

machine

leisure

special

treasure

sugar

pleasure

44. Does .R. or .Y. occur in the following words? Complete the phonemic
transcriptions with the correct sound.

International
decision
unusual
shave
.$Hms?!mz----m?k. .cH!rH----m. .Um!it9----T?k. .----dHu.

revision
casual
confusion
.qH!uH----m. .!jz----T?k.
.j?m!eit9----m.

should
conclusion
sure
.----Tc. .j?m!jkt9----m. .----T?.
Adapted from Pronunciation in Use. Elementary (2007).

45. a. Listen and repeat the following words.

b. Then listen and circle the words you hear.

foam
all
mourn
young
come
heir

home
hall
horn
hung
hum
hair

46. In the following exercise, cross out the words in which the letter -h- is
silent. Then practise with your teacher.

hotel ahead honour hospital

35

exhibition humour vehicle

47. Listen and repeat these words:

.sR.

.cY.

choke

joke

batch

badge

cheer

jeer

search

surge

chin

gin

cheap

jeep

48. Listen and circle the words you hear.

choking

joking

batch

badge

cheers

jeers

searching

surging

chin

gin

36

49. a. Look at the text below. It contains words with the sounds .sR. and .cY..
Find them and put them into the correct columns.

CHARLY JAMES
Charly James, one of the most popular and charming movie and
television actors at the moment, was born in Manchester, in 1990. He
comes from a very rich family who live in a large house in a very posh
neighbourhood. His father, John, is an engineer and works for a very
important company. His mother, March, helps a housing charity in the
morning everyday. As you can see, none of them has this knack for
acting that Charly first discovered when he was chosen for a
commercial at the age of three.
His career rocketed from that moment onwards and, since then,
he has played a range of roles in different television series and
movies. He says that having the chance to earn money doing what he
likes gives him a lot of pleasure.

.sR.

.cY.

37

b. Listen and check your answers. Listen again and practise saying the
words.
Adapted from Headway Upper Intermediate (1991)

50. Listen to your teacher and repeat the following words. Then listen
and circle the words you hear.

/v/
whale

/i/
Yale

well

yell

whack

yak

wielded

yielded

walk

York

woe

yo

51. In the following lists of words, choose the odd one out. The first example
has been done for you.

work York awake = York

youth use would
due few wound
yard ward wait
yoghurt stalwart - yen
52. Read the following passage and pick out the words containing .g.+ .v.
and .i.. Put them in three columns and then read these words aloud.

New York is one of the most populous cities in the world. The heart of
culture and business, it is located in the Northeastern Atlantic Coast in
the United States. It has a long history of successes and failures. It is
near Washington, D. C., the capital of the country. Among its
inhabitants are the so-called yuppies and you may find them in the
38

typically yuppie neighbourhoods. In fact, it is due to this and the many

business, media, fashion, education and entertainment opportunities
that this city is considered also the capital of the world.

.g.

/w/

/j/

53. Read the following words. Notice the different contexts in which /r/
occurs.

real wrong rhythm carry dry arrive

54. In the following list, underline the words in which -r- is pronounced in
Standard British English. Use a dictionary if necessary.

worst

spurred

barring

Cambridge

aboard

abroad

star

roam

wring

bar

55. Read the following text. Then, as you listen to the reader, fill in the
gaps with the words you hear. After that, practise reading the text
with a partner.

39

I worked late that day and I didnt __________ home until 10 o'clock. I
was very wet because of the __________. Then, to my __________,
my key didnt fit in the lock. So I looked closely at my keys and saw
that they were the __________ ones. I had left my house keys at work.
So I got back on my motorbike and __________ back to the office to
collect them. I got home very tired, so I went to bed, __________ for
half an hour, switched off the light and went to sleep.
Adapted from English Pronunciation in Use (2003)

56. Listen and repeat the pairs of words below.

sin

sing

ran

rang

some

sung

swimming

swinging

57. Listen and circle the word you hear in each case.

1. My friend likes Robin Banks / robbing banks.

2. Tom ran / rang yesterday.
3. She had a swing / swim in the garden.
English Pronunciation in Use (2003: p. 39)

58. As you read the following text, underline the words containing /M/.
Then, read them again and make sure you pronounce this sound
correctly.

I always thought that studying English was a fascinating thing.

However, this was not my parents opinion. When I first told them I
wanted to go in for an English course of studies at university, they

40

replied Great! And, what else are you going to do at college? It was
really disappointing to hear that from mum and dad! They never
imagined how hard it is to study English. They thought it was going to
be a pastime for me. After seeing me spend long hours on learning
vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, they were convinced that a
foreign language at university is serious business. It is also a sign that
they think Im a good student. That is great!

41

REFERENCES
Bowler, B. & S. Cunningham (1990). Headway Intermediate Pronunciation.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bowler, B. & Parminter, S. (1992). Headway Pre-Intermediate Pronunciation.
Oxford: OUP.
Cunningham, S. & Bowler, B. (1994). Headway Upper-Intermediate
Pronunciation. Oxford: OUP.
Hancock, M. (1996). Pronunciation Games. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Hancock, M. (2003). English pronunciation in use. Cambridge: C.U.P.
Hewings, M (1993) Pronunciation Tasks: A course for pre-intermediate learners.
Cambridge: CUP.
Marks, J. (2007). English Pronunciation in Use. Elementary. UK: CUP
http://davidbrett.uniss.it/phonology/vowel%20sounds/MinimalPairsCotCaught/Mini
mal%20Pairs%20Cot%20v.%20Caught1.html
http://www.download-esl.com/tonguetwisters/easy/easytongue.html
http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~llsroach/phon2/artic-basics.htm

42

AMBIAR NMEROS

KEY
1b. field cheap filled will chip wheel - lip
4.
bad bed check cheque add ad guess gas
head had
Pat pat (verb) mash mesh
cache cash
cent scent
send sand
6. bad bed
head had
cent scent

check cheque ad add

Pat pat mash mesh
sand send

guess gas
cache cash

7. treck mashed bet Ellen pedals - jams

8a. cap hut bug cat cub
8b. cap cubs hat cut cup - cat
9. begun drank rang run sang swum stank
10. truck uncle rag fan much mad bus rash crash luck
13. bath - firm - first - Bert passes
14b. cot forks nought orphan pot shot spot - wars scorch
- cork
19. loose pool rule proof duke
25. tour cheer day Clare cell clone oil row buy bite
tail aid boot how fame cut coat - mow
31. bees bad peg pen pies beach born time dame
dead tense die doom dear coat gap came glass card
K - cave
34. very believe vine surface viewer divine fat
40. ice eyes zoo Sue
prize price

plays place

niece knees

43. shop - fashion - usually - machine - special pleasure leisure

ocean television - treasure

43

45. home hall mourn young harm - hair

48. joking - batch cheers surging chin
50. whale yell yak wielded York woe
55. arrive rain surprise wrong rode read
57. Robin Banks rang swing - sinking

44