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2 Major Neuro Bio Review Students
2 Major Neuro Bio Review Students
2 Major Neuro Bio Review Students
Complete 1-50 over the Thanksgiving Break due your first day in class after break
I WANT you to research your answers and take notes on what you find
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___ 3.If the myelin sheathing on neurons is absent or removed in a given individual, they will exhibit difficulties in speaking, vision, and balance
because without myelin the
quantity of neurotransmitters released into synapses will be reduced.
quantity of neurotransmitters released into synapses will be increased.
speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too fast.
speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too slow.
neuron will cease to function.
___ 4.Doctor Simo is building a super-genius monster. He wants to make sure that his monster's neurons can turn oxygen and glucose into
energy, so he gives the neurons plenty of
A) dendrites. B) mitochondria. C) nuclei. D) axons. E) vacuoles.
A)
B)
C)
___ 5.Which of the following is not one of the main components of information processing that the nervous system performs?
Processing
D)
Input
Output
E)
All of the above are main components.
Assimilation
A)
B)
C)
___ 6.The two major types of cells in the nervous system are
Schwann cells and glial cells.
Schwann cells and mitochondria.
neurons and glial cells.
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___ 7.Neurons have some similarities with other cells in the human body. Which of the following characteristics is seen in neurons, but not in
most other cells?
An outer membrane
D)
Mitochondria
A cell body
E)
A nucleus
The ability to transmit signals to other cells
___ 8.Glial cells are responsible for all of the following functions except
directing the growth of neurons.
D)
cleaning up after brain damage.
holding neurons together.
E)
keeping their chemical environment stable.
turning oxygen and glucose into energy.
___ 9.Dr. Wozniak is examining a cell from the nervous system of an animal. He notices that at one end of the cell body is a long, fibrous
strand of tissue. He immediately recognizes this as an axon that is responsible for
carrying signals away from the cell body.
receiving signals from other cells and carrying them toward the cell body.
determining the speed at which an action potential will travel.
determining whether the cell inhibits or excites neighboring neurons.
directing the growth and repair of neurons.
___ 10.Mimi is sitting in her biology lab, trying to figure out what kind of a cell she has on the slide under her microscope. Aha, she cries. It's a
neuron! One thing that might have tipped Mimi off is the fact that the cell has
A) an outer membrane. B) an axon. C) mitochondria. D) sulci. E) a nucleus.
___ 11.Eycine operated the telephone switchboard at a large company, answering calls and directing them to the appropriate extensions.
Remembering her introductory psychology class, she decided that her situation was much like the ______________ of neurons,
because numerous people could call her at one time, but she could only send out one call at a time.
sodium and potassium
D)
synapses and neurotransmitters
dendrites and axons
E)
action potential and refractory period
myelin and mitochondria
___ 12.Upper Hall Street is a one-way street leading away from Portland, Oregon. With respect to Portland, Upper Hall Street is most analogous
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corpus callosum.
___ 25.Neurons communicate across the synapse by means of neurotransmitters, which bind to special proteins on the postsynaptic membrane
like a key fitting into a lock. In this analogy, the neurotransmitter is the key and the ______________ is the lock.
A) synapse B) axon C) postsynaptic potential D) dendrite E) receptor
___ 26.Once a neurotransmitter is released into a neuronal synapse, it is most like a(n)
accident waiting to happen.
D)
size 10 foot looking for a size 10 shoe.
rolling stone.
E)
ball of putty that can change shape.
lock waiting for a key.
___ 27.A neuron evokes the action potential of another neuron by releasing the ______________ into the ______________ that fit into the
______________ of the other neuron.
receptors; synapse; neurotransmitters
D)
axon; dendrites; neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters; synapse; receptors
E)
synapse; neurotransmitters; axon
dendrites; axon; synapse
___ 28.Nina the neuron has been damaged and the vesicles in her axon are now empty and cannot be refilled. What will Nina no longer be able
to do?
Receive signals from other neurons
D)
Stimulate a postsynaptic receptor
Polarize her membrane
E)
Close her ion gates
Depolarize her membrane
___ 29.Hey! It's too crowded in here! Stop shoving! Boy, I can't wait till I'm free! I'm going to flow across that synapse and find the perfect
receptor for me and you guys won't fit. Oh yeah! You'd better hope you connect soon or else you'll be sucked back into this crowded
room again! This conversation is taking place among
postsynaptic potentials.
D)
neurotransmitter molecules in a vesicle.
dendrites connected to a neuron.
E)
mitochondria in neuron's cell body.
sodium ions in an axon.
___ 30.Nora Neuron is getting mixed signals from her neighbors. Nervous Ned is sending her inhibitory signals, and so is Pessimistic Peg. But,
Upbeat Uriah is giving her excitatory signals. Nora will
get excited and fire an action potential.
be inhibited and not fire an action potential.
get excited, but not fire an action potential.
be inhibited, but still fire an action potential.
get excited, but only fire an action potential at half strength.
___ 31.A neuron will have an excitatory postsynaptic potential when ______________ ions rush into the ______________.
negative; synapse
D)
positive; neuron
positive; synapse
E)
negative; myelin
negative; neuron
___ 32.When Norton Neuron fired his axon and released chemicals into the synapse, he noticed that the chemicals triggered action potentials in
the neurons that received them. Hmm, Norton thinks to himself, I am the cause of
myelinization.
D)
an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
E)
the refractory period.
mitochondria.
___ 33.As a result of the combined signals of several presynaptic nerve cells, potassium channels open causing potassium ions to flow out of a
particular nerve cell. What is the most likely outcome?
Depolarization leading to an action potential
Depolarization without an action potential
Hyperpolarization leading to an action potential
Hyperpolarization without an action potential
Hyperpolarization leading to a partial action potential
___ 34.A neurotransmitter is released from the end of an axon, floats across the synapse, and binds to an appropriate receptor. The resulting
changes make the body of the second neuron more negatively charged relative to the surrounding environment (i.e., hyperpolarized);
which of the following terms describes this best?
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
D)
Afferent potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
E)
Efferent potential
Presynaptic potential
___ 35.Action potentials _____________ ; postsynaptic potentials ______________.
occur only in axons; occur only in dendrites
occur only in dendrites; occur only in axons
occur only in dendrites; remain at constant strength
fade as they go along; remain at constant strength
remain at constant strength; fade as they go along
___ 36.For the postsynaptic cell to fire, there needs to be more ______________ than ______________.
IPSPs; EPSPs
D)
EPSPs; IPSPs
sodium ions; potassium ions
E)
potassium ions; EPSPs
potassium ions; sodium ions
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___ 37.Neurons in the brain and spinal cord are organized into groups called
feedback systems.
D)
networks.
neurotransmitter systems.
E)
clusters.
bundles.
___ 38.After a back injury, Riamsalat has no feeling below his waist, though he can still move his legs and feet. Riamsalat has probably
damaged his ______________ system.
A) motor B) output C) processing D) autonomic E) sensory
___ 39.The voluntary command Julie uses to raise her hand in class would travel through the ______________ nervous system from the spinal
cord to the muscles that control the movement.
A) somatic B) autonomic C) sympathetic D) parasympathetic E) reticular
___ 40.Carlos was in a car accident and received a head injury that resulted in a decreased ability to produce speech. Carlos has more than
likely damaged his ______________ nervous system.
A) sympathetic B) peripheral C) central D) sensory E) autonomic
___ 41.Which nervous system is involved in allowing you to shoot a basketball, smell freshly baked bread, and push the keys on a piano?
Sympathetic branch of the automatic nervous system (ANS)
Parasympathetic branch of the ANS
Both branches of the ANS
Somatic nervous system
Endocrine system
___ 42.The digestion of last night's dinner is most directly controlled by the ______________ system.
autonomic nervous
D)
endocrine
central nervous
E)
sensory
somatic nervous
___ 43.When you are running to catch a bus, the ______________ nervous system is directly responsible for making the muscles in your legs
move.
A) somatic B) sympathetic C) central D) parasympathetic E) autonomic
___ 44.The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
brain and spinal cord.
D)
brain and peripheral nervous system.
central and somatic nervous systems.
E)
peripheral and central nervous systems.
sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
___ 45.Nilam accidentally touches the hot burner on the stove. Sensory information about the pain and heat will be carried to her brain by the
______ nervous system, her heart rate will increase as a result of activation by the ______ nervous system, and when she calms down
the ______ nervous system will slow her heart rate down.
peripheral; central; autonomic
D)
somatic; sympathetic; parasympathetic
somatic; autonomic; central
E)
central; parasympathetic; autonomic
central; sympathetic; parasympathetic
___ 46.Juan gives a sigh of pleasure as he slides into a bubbling hot tub. The neurons that signal that his skin is warm are part of his ______
nervous system.
A) somatic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) autonomic E) reticular
___ 47.Connections in Chiara's autonomic nervous system have been harmed by a mysterious infection. From which of the following areas is
Chiara most unlikely to receive the usual communication?
A) Eyes B) Muscles C) Lungs D) Pain receptors E) Spinal cord
___ 48.Mikel has to keep his apartment cool in the summer because he has a nervous system disorder that makes him unable to sweat. The
problem is most likely in Mikel's
somatic nervous system.
D)
autonomic nervous system.
spinal cord.
E)
amygdala.
mitochondria.
___ 49.The main divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ______________ and the ______________.
somatic; autonomic
D)
reticular; limbic
sympathetic; parasympathetic
E)
neurons; glial cells
afferent; efferent
___ 50.Tisha has a disorder that affects the functioning of her somatic nervous system. Of the following, Tisha probably experiences the most
trouble
digesting food.
D)
breathing.
thinking.
E)
experiencing emotions.
moving her limbs.
___ 51.Rashaun saw something terrifying. His muscles tensed, he began breathing more rapidly, and he began to sweat. Having taken
introductory psychology, Rashaun knew that the ______________ division of his ______________ nervous system had been activated.
sympathetic; limbic
D)
sympathetic; autonomic
parasympathetic; somatic
E)
limbic; peripheral
peripheral; central
___ 52.Frank has to give an oral presentation in his Psychology class. He is nervous about public speaking so he experiences rapid heartbeat,
sweaty palms, and increased respiration. This results from activity of the _______ nervous system.
A) somatic B) sympathetic C) ancillary D) parasympathetic E) limbic
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___ 53.While Bonnie is getting ready for her first date with Juan, her heart is racing and her blood pressure is high because she is excited and
nervous. While dining, Bonnie becomes calm and relaxed. While getting ready, Bonnie's ______ nervous system was activated. While
dining, Bonnie's ______ nervous system was activated.
peripheral; autonomic
D)
sympathetic; parasympathetic
autonomic; peripheral
E)
parasympathetic; autonomic
parasympathetic; sympathetic
___ 54.Ramon hides a fake, bloody, severed finger in Gebrae's lunch box. Gebrae is startled when he opens his lunch box and sees the finger.
Gebrae's increased heart rate and respiration results from the activity of his ______ nervous system.
A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) ocular-pulmonary D) reflexive E) central
___ 55.Claudia has just come home from a long, difficult day of writing questions for this test. As she sits down on the sofa, her heart rate and
breathing slow down, her muscles relax, and her digestive system starts getting ready for food. It appears as though Claudia's
______________ has been activated.
thalamus
parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
hypothalamus
___ 56.If a person had a diseased autonomic nervous system, the kinds of functions most directly affected would be things such as
______________ and ______________.
decision making; problem solving
getting dressed; driving a car
reflexive movements; receiving sensory input
digestion; breathing
experiencing emotions; judging other people's emotions
___ 57.During a job interview, Samira realizes that she is sweating a little bit and she feels her heart pounding against her chest. Her stomach
is also a little bit upset and she hasn't felt like eating all day. From this information, it appears that the _____ division of Samira's _____
nervous system is very active.
parasympathetic; autonomic
D)
autonomic; sympathetic
autonomic; parasympathetic
E)
sympathetic; autonomic
parasympathetic; somatic
___ 58.After Les touches a hot iron, he pulls his hand away almost instantaneously. The command that instructed Les's muscles to pull his arm
away so quickly most likely came from his
brain.
D)
motor neurons.
spinal cord.
E)
association cortex.
sensory neurons.
___ 59.You have been up all night studying for an important midterm examination and are a little tired. As you reach for your hot chocolate, you
accidentally touch the hot burner on the stove. You quickly pull your hand away from the burner. Which of the following statements about
your action is true?
The medulla and cerebellum played major parts in your response.
The movement of your hand did not involve the somatic nervous system.
Glial cells did most of the work necessary to move your hand.
Your brain sent instructions, via the spinal cord, to pull away from the burner.
Your reflexive action occurred entirely within the spinal cord.
___ 60.Casey got up one morning after only a few hours of sleep and plugged in the iron to press his shirt. When he heard a ringing sound he
grabbed the iron by the hot part, and before he could say hello, he dropped it with a crash. The part of Casey's nervous system that
caused him to drop the hot iron was his
substantia nigra and sensory neurons.
spinal cord, sensory neurons, and motor neurons.
cerebral cortex and motor neurons.
amygdala and sensory neurons.
association and somatosensory cortices.
___ 61.During your annual check up, the doctor conducts a test of your knee-jerk reflex by tapping your knee. This causes your leg to kick
forward. What is the complete sequence of events that occurs between the tap and the leg jerk?
Efferent neuron ; interneuron ; afferent neuron
Afferent neuron ; interneuron ; efferent neuron ; brain
Efferent neuron ; interneuron ; brain ; interneuron ; afferent neuron
Afferent neuron ; brain ; interneuron ; efferent neuron
Efferent neuron; brain; interneuron
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___ 62.All of the following statements are true about reflexes except that they
take place in the spinal cord.
occur without instructions from the brain.
are not voluntary.
do not send signals to the brain.
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___ 78.Trisha is gradually developing an impairment in her ability to perform finely coordinated movements, such as cutting a clove of garlic into
very small pieces. Doctors will probably discover a problem in her
A) medulla. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) amygdala. E) locus coeruleus.
___ 79.Bert and Ernie have very different sleeping patterns. Bert always wakes up early in the morning but he starts to get tired early in the
evening. Ernie, on the other hand, prefers to stay up late and then sleep until noon. Bert and Ernie's different sleeping preferences are
most likely due to their
thalamus.
D)
corpus callosum.
amygdala.
E)
hippocampus.
suprachiasmatic nuclei.
___ 80.After a freak boating accident, Arlo's hippocampus was lost at sea. Although he has recovered in all other respects, Arlo will have difficulty
forming new memories of events after the accident.
speaking fluently in his native language.
making controlled, purposeful movements.
smiling.
experiencing emotions.
___ 81.After an evil scientist destroys part of Patrick's brain, Patrick finds that he is constantly hungry and he eats much more than before. The
scientist destroyed Patrick's
A) amygdala. B) reticular formation. C) thalamus. D) hippocampus. E) hypothalamus.
___ 82.Suppose that you have just been abducted by aliens from the planet Zeebo. The Zeeboians are very interested in life on Earth, and one of
them asks you how humans are different from other species. In terms of brain anatomy, which of the following structures would you say
best differentiates humans from the so-called lower species?
A) Reticular formation B) Cerebral cortex C) Cerebellum D) Medulla E) Hindbrain
___ 83.One moment Sharese is happy, the next moment she is sad. First she is angry, and then disgusted. There is probably something wrong
with Sharese's
A) immune system. B) thalamus. C) medulla. D) striatum. E) limbic system.
___ 84.Recent animal studies have shown that removal of the hippocampus several days after a mildly painful experience will not erase the
memory of the experience. This evidence suggests that
the hippocampus is necessary only for long-term memory.
the hippocampus is NOT necessary for forming new memories.
memories are transferred and stored somewhere other than the hippocampus.
memories of pain are stored in different areas of the brain than other memories.
the hippocampus does not process traumatic or painful memories.
___ 85.Damage to which part of the brain would have the LEAST effect on a person's ability to juggle?
A) Cerebellum B) Substantia nigra C) Striatum D) Hippocampus E) Midbrain
___ 86.For an animal model to best replicate Alzheimer's as observed in humans, it should exhibit all of the following except
plaques and tangles in cortex.
D)
loss of cholinergic neurons.
trouble initiating movement.
E)
dementia.
progressive mental deterioration.
___ 87.Which of the following has not been implicated in Alzheimer's disease?
A) Neurotrophic factors B) Tangles C) Plaques D) Beta-amyloid E) Dementia
___ 88.The human brain appears extremely wrinkled when closely examined. These wrinkles
are purely cosmetic and have no actual purpose.
are byproducts of old age; normal adults' brains are smooth.
act as a shock-absorption device, preventing neural damage.
disappear as a person progresses into late adulthood.
allow a greater surface area of cortex to be included in the skull.
___ 89.When Cade was tackled during a football game, he hit the back of his head on the turf, which resulted in a concussion. Cade now has
trouble with his vision. Cade most likely injured his ______ lobe.
A) frontal B) parietal C) temporal D) occipital E) prefrontal
___ 90.As Omar lay inside an fMRI machine, he looks at geometric shapes projected onto special goggles. The fMRI will show a lot of blood flow
to his ______ lobes while he looks at the shapes.
A) parietal B) occipital C) temporal D) frontal E) association
___ 91.Veronica bent over in her garden to pick a squash but bumped her head on a fence post and passed out. When she came to, she could no
let go of the squash in her left hand; the hand would not open or close. She most likely injured cells in her ______________ lobe.
A) right frontal B) left frontal C) right parietal D) left parietal E) right occipital
___ 92.Luke is learning to play the guitar. Recent research suggests that the organization of Luke's somatosensory cortex may change to allow
more of the neurons there to respond to touch. Which lobe of Luke's cerebral cortex contains the somatosensory cortex?
A) Frontal B) Parietal C) Temporal D) Occipital E) Corpus
___ 93.If the person sitting beside you were to tap your shoulder, neurons in ______ would become active in response to the tap.
Wernicke's area
D)
the somatosensory cortex
the occipital lobe
E)
Broca's area
the motor cortex
___ 94.In the brain's motor cortex, the region of cells responsible for moving the index finger of the right hand is near the region that moves the
A) right ring finger. B) upper lip. C) right foot. D) left thumb. E) nose.
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___ 95.Voshon is programming a computer to think like humans. His big challenge is to get the computer to integrate information from a variety
sources and relate this information (words and images) to abstract concepts. What area of the cerebral cortex accomplishes these tasks fo
humans?
Motor cortex
D)
Integrative cortex
Sensory cortex
E)
Association cortex
Somatosensory cortex
___ 96.If you were to prick yourself with a pin in the following sets of locations, which would cause neural firing closest together in your
somatosensory cortex?
Foot and ear
D)
Hand and forearm
Knee and scalp
E)
Neck and ankle
Shoulder and big toe
___ 97.Chester recently had a moderately severe stroke that has caused him to speak with a foreign accent. The part of the brain affected by his
stroke was the
association cortex.
D)
motor cortex.
central sulcus.
E)
locus coeruleus.
hippocampus.
___ 98.After a stroke, Juanita has great difficulty with speech. Words come slowly and haltingly and her speech is often grammatically incorrect.
The stroke probably damaged
Wernicke's area.
D)
the hippocampus.
Broca's area.
E)
the hypothalamus.
the cerebellum.
___ 99.A neurologist is examining a patient and asks him, What sound does a lion make? The patient replies, Lion ... he roar. What region of
the patient's brain is most likely damaged?
Wernicke's area
D)
Wundt's area
The motor cortex
E)
The auditory cortex
Broca's area
___ 100.After a freak camera zooming accident, John Edward sustains brain damage. The next day on his TV show, John exhibits problems
speaking. He says things like I'mg-g-getting s-something from...ohoverh-here. However, when John sings, the words come ou
fluently. John most likely has sustained damage to his
Broca's area.
D)
Wernicke's area.
locus coeruleus.
E)
hippocampus.
amygdala.
___ 101.Jacob had severe epilepsy, so a surgeon cut through his corpus callosum to prevent seizures from crossing to the other side of Jacob's
brain. After surgery, if Jacob sees a picture of a ball in his LEFT visual field, he CANNOT
choose a ball from among several objects with his right hand.
spell out BALL with letter magnets.
make a throwing motion with his right hand.
correctly identify the ball in words.
recognize it was a picture of a ball.
___ 102.Wayne was injured when a rotary saw blade was accidentally used in a game of Frisbee golf. Wayne seemed all right, except for a large c
through the middle of his skull. However, when he was asked to place his left hand into his left pocket and verbally describe the contents,
he couldn't. Having taken introductory psychology, his friend Garth deduced, Wayne's ______________ must be cut!
A) hypothalamus B) occipital lobe C) corpus callosum D) frontal lobe E) thalamus
___ 103.Adrian is recovering from a skiing accident. When an apple is shown to his left cerebral hemisphere, he can name it, but when shown to
the right hemisphere he cannot explain it. Adrian most likely damaged his ______ in the accident.
locus coeruleus
D)
association cortex
suprachiasmatic nuclei
E)
corpus callosum
reticular formation
___ 104.The two hemispheres of the brain sometimes perform different tasks (lateralization). However, information is passed back and forth
between hemispheres so that the brain can function as a whole. This inter-hemispheric communication depends on the
association cortex.
D)
corpus callosum.
thalamus.
E)
medulla.
somatosensory cortex.
___ 105.Juan had his corpus callosum severed to prevent whole-brain seizures. He sits in front of a screen and stares at a dot in the middle, while
simple visual stimuli are flashed briefly to the left and right of the dot. Juan would
be able to name stimuli on the left, but not on the right.
be able to name stimuli on the right, but not on the left.
NOT be able to name any of the stimuli.
be able to name all of the stimuli.
NOT be conscious if his corpus callosum was severed.
___ 106.Suppose that the left hemisphere of Jamal's brain is damaged, but the right hemisphere is left intact. Jamal would be most likely to
experience a deficit in his ability to
compose new songs on his piano.
D)
follow a map.
feel an insect bite his left hand.
E)
draft architectural designs.
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___ 121.Donald is seventy years old. For the past few years, he has developed a memory loss that is getting worse, and his personality has become very erratic.
His doctors say he has Alzheimer's disease, but you aren't sure. What finding should most convince you that the doctors are right?
A loss of GABA neurons in Donald's brain
An absence of myelin in Donald's brain
A loss of acetylcholine neurons in Donald's brain
Below normal levels of norepinephrine in Donald's brain
An excess of dopamine in Donald's brain
___ 122.Dr. Chen's patient describes her main symptoms: sleeplessness and mood difficulties. Dr. Chen suspects that a neurotransmitter is malfunctioning. Whic
neurotransmitter should he look at?
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Essays
149.Dr. S. White is currently working with seven patients. Each patient has abnormally high production of a neurotransmitter, and for each patient
it is a different neurotransmitter that is affected. Dr. White wants to write up her research using nicknames to hide the true identities of her
patients. Choose an appropriate nickname for each patient. Be sure to explain why the nickname is appropriate, as well as the symptoms one
would expect to see in that patient.
150.Compare and contrast the functions and characteristics of the endocrine system.
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