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FEM Zabaras FiniteElementApproximationsFor2DBVP
FEM Zabaras FiniteElementApproximationsFor2DBVP
Nicholas Zabaras
Materials Process Design and Control Laboratory
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
101 Rhodes Hall
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853-3801
⎡ ⎛ ∂u ∂w ∂u ∂w ⎞ ⎤
∫Ω ⎢⎣ ⎜⎝ ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y ⎟⎠
k + + b ( x , y )u ( x , y ) w( x , y ) ⎥ dxdy + ∫ puwds = ∫ f wdxdy + ∫ γ wds
⎦ ∂Ω 2 Ω ∂Ω 2
1
is approximated as:
u h ( s ) = ∑ u j N j ( x( s ), y ( s ))
j
j =1
and u j = u j at the nodes on ∂Ω1h so the following holds:
⎡ ⎛ ∂uh ∂wh ∂uh ∂wh ⎞ ⎤
∫Ω ⎢⎣k ⎜⎝ ∂x ∂x + ∂y ∂y ⎟⎠ + b( x, y)uh ( x, y)wh ( x, y) ⎥⎦ dxdy + ∂Ω∫ puh wh ds = Ω∫ f wh dxdy + ∂Ω∫ γ wh ds
h 2h h 2h
∑K u
j =1
ij j = Fi , i = 1, 2,.., N
⎡ ⎛ ∂N i ∂N j ∂N i ∂N j ⎞ ⎤
K ij = ∫ ⎢ k ⎜ + ⎟ + b( x, y ) N i N j ⎥ dxdy + ∫ pN i N j ds, i, j = 1,..., N
Symmetric,
Ωh ⎣ ⎝
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y ⎠ ⎦ ∂Ω 2 h
banded
Fi =
Ωh
∫ fN i dxdy + ∫
∂Ω 2 h
γ N i ds
∑ ij j i i , i = 1, 2,.., N e
k e e
u
j =1
= f e
− σ e
⎡ ⎛ ∂N e
∂N e
∂N e
∂N e
⎞ ⎤
kij = ∫ ⎢ k ⎜
e i j
+ i j
⎟⎟ + bN i N j ⎥ dxdy
e e
⎜ ∂x ∂x ∂ ∂ Element stiffness matrix
⎢ ⎝
Ωe ⎣
y y ⎠ ⎦⎥
fi e = ∫
Ωe
fN ie dxdy Element load vector
E ⎡ ⎛ ∂N i ∂N j ∂N i ∂N j ⎞ ⎤ E
∑ ∫ ⎢ k ⎜
e =1 Ωe ⎣ ⎝ ∂x ∂x
+
∂y ∂y ⎠
⎟ + bN i N j ⎥ dxdy = ∑ K e
ij , i, j = 1, 2,..., N
⎦ e=1
E E
∑∫
e=1 Ωe
fN i dxdy = ∑ Fi e , i = 1, 2,..., N
e=1
∑( K u i ) = 0,
E
e
ij j − Fi
e
+ Σ e
i = 1,2,..., N
e =1
∑( K u − Fi e + Σie ) = 0, i = 1,2,..., N
E
e
ij j
e =1
∑ i i i i , i = 1,2,..., N
Σ e
e =1
= S (0)
+ S (1)
+ S (2)
E
=∑ ∫
E E
Si(0) = ∑ Si(1) = ∑
(2)
σ n N i ds
∫ σ n N i ds ∫ σ n N i ds S i
e=1 ∂Ω 2 h
e =1 ∂Ωe −∂Ω h e=1 ∂Ω1 h
Portion of the boundary ∂Ω e
∂Ωe −∂Ω h
of Ω e not on ∂Ω h
(interelement boundaries)
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
N. Zabaras (10/06/2009)
10
Boundary conditions
E
S i
(0)
=∑ ∫ σ n N i ds
e=1 ∂Ωe −∂Ω h
Si(0) = lf
∑( K u i ) = 0,
E
e
ij j − Fi
e
+ Σ e
i = 1,2,..., N
e =1
E E
γi = ∫ γ N i ds = ∑ ∫ γ N i ds =∑ γ ie
∂Ω 2 h e =1 ∂Ωe e =1
2h
E E
Pij = ∫ pN i N j ds = ∑ ∫ pN i N j ds =∑ Pije
∂Ω 2 h e=1 ∂Ωe2 h e=1
N
portion of ∂Ωe
int er sec ting ∂Ω2 h
∑ ij j i i , i = 1,2,..., N
K
j =1
u = F − S (1)
E E
Kij = ∑ ( Kije + Pije ), Fi = ∑ ( Fi e + γ ie )
e =1 e =1
u = 0 on Γ 41
∂u
= 0 on Γ12 , Γ 25, Γ 67 , Γ 74,
∂n
∂u
+ β u = γ on Γ56
∂n
∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
∂Ω 2 = Γ12 ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
∂Ω 2 h = ∂Ω2
∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
N. Zabaras (10/06/2009)
17
Example
• Element 1:
⎡ k11
1 1
k12 1
k13 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢ 1 ⎥
⎢ k21 k22
1 1
k23 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ 1 1 1 ⎥
⎢ k31 k32 k33 0 0 0 0⎥
K1 = ⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎦⎡ f11 ⎤ ∂Ω = ∂Ω
⎢ 1⎥ 2h 2
⎢ f2 ⎥
⎢ 1⎥
⎢ f3 ⎥
F =⎢0 ⎥
1
⎢ ⎥
⎢0⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥ ∂Ω = Γ ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
⎢ ⎥ 2 12
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ ∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
N. Zabaras (10/06/2009)
18
Example
• Element 2:
⎡ k11
2 2
0 k12 2
k13 0 0 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢k 2 2
0 k22 2
k23 0 0 0⎥
⎢ 21 ⎥
K = ⎢k 2
2
2
0 k32 2
k33 0 0 0⎥
31
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦ ⎡ f12 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ∂Ω 2 h = ∂Ω2
⎢0⎥
⎢ f 2⎥
⎢ 2⎥
F = ⎢ f 2⎥
2
3
⎢ ⎥
⎢0⎥
⎢0⎥ ∂Ω 2 = Γ12 ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
⎢ ⎥
⎣0⎦ ∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
N. Zabaras (10/06/2009)
19
Example
• Element 6:
⎡0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 6
0 k11 6
0 k12 6
k13 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
K = ⎢0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢0 6
0 k21 6
0 k22 6
k23 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 6
0 k31 6
0 k32 6
k33 0⎥ ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ∂Ω = ∂Ω
⎢0⎥ 2h 2
⎢ ⎥
⎢ f16 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
F =⎢ 0 ⎥
1
⎢ 6⎥
⎢ f2 ⎥
⎢ f 6⎥ ∂Ω 2 = Γ12 ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
⎢ 3⎥
⎢⎣0 ⎥⎦ ∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
N. Zabaras (10/06/2009)
20
Example problem: Assembly
⎡ K11 K12 K13 K14 0 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢ K 21 K 22 K 23 0 K 25 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ K31 K32 K33 K34 K35 K 36 K 37 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
K = ⎢ K 41 0 K 43 K 44 0 0 K 47 ⎥
⎢ i 55 i 56 ⎥
⎢ 0 K52 K53 0 K K 0 ⎥
⎢ i 65 i 66 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 K 63 0 K K K 67 ⎥
⎢ 0 K 77 ⎥⎦
⎣ 0 K 73 K 74 0 K 76 ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
⎡ F1 ⎤ ⎡ Σ1 ⎤ ∂Ω 2 h = ∂Ω2
⎢F ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ F3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
1 ⎢F ⎥ ⎢
F = ⎢ 4 ⎥ − ⎢Σ 4 ⎥⎥
⎢Fi 5 ⎥ ⎢Σ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 5⎥
⎢Fi 6 ⎥ Σ6 i
⎢ ⎥ The stiffness terms with the symbol K
⎢ F ⎥ ⎢0 ⎥
⎣ 7⎦ ⎣ ⎦ will be modified once natural BC are applied.
⎡0⎤
⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0⎥
γ = ⎢⎢ 0 ⎥⎥
⎢γ 5 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢γ 6 ⎥
⎢⎣0 ⎥⎦
⎡ K 22 K 23 K 25 0 0 ⎤ ⎧u2 ⎫ ⎧ F2 ⎫
⎢K K33 K35 K36 K37 ⎥ ⎪u3 ⎪ ⎪ F3 ⎪
⎢ 32 ⎥ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪
⎢ K52 K53 K55 K56 0 ⎥ ⎨u5 ⎬ = ⎨ F5 ⎬
⎢ 0 K 63 K 65 K 66 K 67 ⎥⎥ ⎪u6 ⎪ ⎪ F6 ⎪
⎢ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎢⎣ 0 K 73 0 K 76 K 77 ⎥⎦ ⎪⎩u7 ⎪⎭ ⎪⎩ F7 ⎪⎭
Post-processing
∫ {∇w} [ D]{∇T } d Ω = ∫ wT f d Ω − ∫ wT qd Γ
T
Ω Ω Γq
for all w( x, y ) ∈ U 0
k yy ⎥⎦
T , w ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ∂x ∂y ⎦ heat ⎣ q y ⎦ Conductivity ⎣ k yx
⎢⎣ ∂y ⎥⎦ flux matrix
e =1 Ωe e =1 Ωe e=1 Γ q
for all w( x, y ) ∈ U 0
{d e }
⎢ ∂x ⎥ ⎢ ∂x T1 + ∂x T2 + ... + ∂x Tnen ⎥ ⎢ ∂x ∂
...
∂ ⎥⎢Te ⎥
{∇T } = ⎢⎢ ∂T e ⎥⎥ = ⎢⎢ ∂N e ∂N e
e
⎥=⎢ e
∂N nen e ⎥ ⎢ ∂N1 ∂N 2
e
x
e
x ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ = ⎡ B e ( x, y ) ⎤ {d e } = ⎡ B e ⎤ ⎡ Le ⎤ {d }
∂N nen ⎥ ⎢ ... ⎥ ⎣
e ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣N⎦ N
⎢ ∂y ⎥ ⎢ ∂y T1 + ∂y T2 + ... + ∂y Tnen ⎥ ⎢ ∂y
e e
⎢ e ⎥
1 2
... ⎥ scatter global
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ∂y ∂y
⎦ ⎣N
nodal
Tnen ⎦ matrix
temperatures
The ⎡⎣ B e ⎤⎦ matrix {d e}
∂y ⎦⎥
w
⎣ ∂x
⎢ ...
N
{w }
e T ... ⎥ scatter
⎢ e ⎥ matrix
⎢ ∂N nen ∂N nen ⎥
e
⎢ ∂x ∂y ⎥⎦
⎣
e =1 Ωe e=1 Ωe e =1 Γ e
q
nel ⎡ ⎤
{w} ∑ ⎡⎣ L ⎤⎦ ⎢ ∫ ⎡⎣ B ⎤⎦ [ D ] ⎡⎣ B ⎤⎦ d Ω ⎡⎣ L ⎤⎦ {d } − ∫ ⎡⎣ N ⎤⎦ f d Ω + ∫ ⎡⎣ N ⎤⎦ qd Γd Ω ⎥ = 0 ∀{wF }
e T e T e T e T
T e e e
e =1 ⎢⎣ Ωe Ωe Γ eq ⎥⎦
e=1 ⎢⎣ Ωe Ωe Γ eq ⎥⎦
Ω
Ω
Γq
{ Ω}
f e
{ fΓ }
e
⎢⎝
e=1 ⎠ ⎝ e=1 ⎠⎥
⎢⎣ Re sidual {r} ⎥⎦
⎢⎝
e =1 ⎠ ⎝ e=1 ⎠⎥
⎢⎣ Re sidual {r} ⎥⎦
• The global stiffness and load can now be written:
{f }
nel nel
[ K ] = ∑ ⎡⎣ L ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣ K ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣ L ⎤⎦ { f } = ∑ ⎡⎣ Le ⎤⎦
e T e e T e
e =1 e =1