Hand Rails

E N G I N E E R I N G LT D .
HANDRAIL STANDARDS
HANDRAILS
AXESS LADDER SYSTEM
KICK FLAT SYSTEM
OPEN FLOORING
Member of PF Group
Guardrail Engineering Limited Manders Industrial Estate Old Heath Road Wolverhampton WV1 2RP
Phone: 01902 871208 Fax: 01902 453330
enquiries@guardrailgroup.com www.guardrailgroup.com
Introduction
Guardrail Engineering Limited.

Guardrail is a member of the PF group of Companies. It rst traded in 1983 and was incorporated as a Limited
Company in 1985.
Our Industrial Hand-railing (including ball type handrail posts), Vertical Access Ladder system AXESS, Open
Flooring & Kick Flat System is supplied to Structural & Coastal Engineers, Architects & Consultants, Fabricators
and General Industry alike. We can manufacture in Aluminium and Mild or Stainless Steel with a range of protective nishes that suit various applications.
We fully understand the need to meet Health & Safety requirements and our products conform to the latest
British Standards where applicable.
Guardrail is NQA approved (Certicate No. 1613) to BS EN ISO 9001
and our Technical and Production team ensure that customer needs are met to
the full.
BS EN ISO 9001
Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

www.guardrailgroup.com Email: enquiries@guardrailgroup.com
HANDRAIL STANDARDS
Tubular & Solid Handrail Standards

Load Table:
The table below shows the spacing of various type of 1100 mm high handrail standards to achieve required
loadings for various codes of practice.
Handrail Standard
Handrail
Horizontal Design Load

0.22 kN/m
0.36 kN/m
0.50 kN/m
0.74 kN/m
1.00 kN/m
Tubular
33.7 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm
33.7 mm o.d.
1650 mm
1075 mm
750 mm
42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm
33.7 mm o.d.
2000 mm
1850 mm
1450 mm
1050 mm
42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm
42.4 mm o.d.
2000 mm
1900 mm
1500 mm
1100 mm
48.3 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm
42.4 mm o.d.
2000 mm
2000 mm
2000 mm
1500 mm
1200 mm
48.3 mm o.d. x 4.0 mm
42.4 mm o.d.
2000 mm
2000 mm
2000 mm
1700 mm
1400 mm
60.3 mm o.d. x 4.0 mm
48.3 mm o.d.
2000 mm
2000 mm
2000 mm
2000 mm
1800 mm
Solid
32 mm o.d.
33.7 mm o.d.
2000 mm
1350 mm
1100 mm
38 mm o.d.
42.4 mm o.d.
2000 mm
2000 mm
1800 mm
1400 mm
1100 mm
40 mm o.d.
42.4 mm o.d.
2000 mm
2000 mm
2000 mm
1650 mm
1250 mm
Loads are unfactored - please contact our technical department should safety factored loading be required.
Types of standard:
Height
of Standard
Dia
Ball Dia
Floor Level
Height of Standard
Height of Handrail
Height of Standard
Height of Standard
Shank Dia
Base
Height of Handrail
Knee Rail
Single Ball
Height of Standard
Ball Centres
Top
Handrail
X
Pitch Line of
Stair Stringer
Double Ball
Raked
Three Ball
Handrail Standards
Guardrail Handrail standards can be manufacured in tubular or solid materials with varying outside
diameters, tube wall thickness, ball sizes, ball types in a multiple of material grades in Mild Steel, Stainless
Steel and Aluminium.
Many different heights, ball centres and tail lengths can be accommodated but to meet current regulations
we would recommend a ball centre of 500mm.
Base details:
Alternative base thickness 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. All dimensions are in millimetres.

4YPE'3
4YPE'3
8
4YPE'3
8

4YPE'3
4YPE'3
4YPE'3

$IA

$IA

$IA

4YPE'3
4YPE'3
Hole Diameter in bases as requested (standard 18 mm). Other types available on request along with steel to steel
or steel to concrete xing bolts.

Tubular & Solid Sticks, Balls & Loose Bases
Standard industrial handrail components:
Ball Centres
Tubular sticks:
Finish: Self colour (vented)
Special and raked sticks on request
Usually available ex-stock
Ball size
Tail
63
63
82
82
95
Tubular Sticks
Shank
Outside Diameter
34
42
42
48
48
Solid fabricated sticks:

i.e. solid forged balls welded to solid bar shank
Finish: Self colour
Special and raked sticks on request
Usually available ex-stock
Ball size
64
70
77
Ball Centres
Rail size
Outside diameter
34
34
42
48
48
Rail size
Outside diameter
34
34
42
Shank
Outside Diameter
32
38
38
Tubular Ball ttings (Mild steel):

Also available in Gr 316 stainless steel and aluminium
Tail
Theoretical Size
Outside Diameter
65
75
75/90
90
Actual size
Outside diameter
63
82
82
95
Rail Size
Outside Diameter
34
42
48
48
Solid forged balls (Mild steel):
Solid Fabricated Sticks

Size
Outside Diameter
64
70
77
Rail Size
Outside Diameter
34
34
42
Loose Base plates:

65 x 12 Flat, 2 x 18 dia. holes.
Others on request

Loose Base plate

Counterbalance Handrail on roof

HANDRAILS
Industrial Handrail System
10
Industrial Handrail System:

Guardrails industrial handrail system consists of Ball type handrail
posts and individually fabricated handrails which once passed through the
ball in the post are locked into position by way of a grub-screw to form a
complete handrail.
Different post diameters, wall thickness and spacing coupled with a
variety of base types mean that the majority of loading requirements are
met whilst its aesthetic qualities are usually preferred to clamp and other
types of handrail systems.
The system is easily erected/dismantled in small sections and can be
tailored to suit many applications.
All products are available in mild, stainless steel and aluminium.
Industrial Handrail Systems

Current regulations require All
platforms and walkways to have
protective barriers on all open
sides, consisting of a handrail, knee
or intermediate rail, toe-plate and
Handrail Standards.
The distance between two rails, or
between the lower rail and the top
of an up-stand shall be no more than
500mm.

Shop Fabricated Handrailing

11
12
10 APPROX
W ORK SHOP FABRICATED BENDS

USUALLY SUPPLIED PLAIN ENDS
(SOME AVAILABLE EX-STOCK)
TYPICAL
PLASTIC CAP
IN RAIL END
EYE WELDED
TO STD
HANDRAIL TUBE SIZES AVAILABLE:25 N.B TUBE (33.7 O/D)

32 N.B TUBE (42.4 O/D)
40 N.B TUBE (48.3 O/D)
`D` SHACKLE OR
SNAP HOOK
CHAIN TYPE
DETAIL
J
J
TO SUIT
BALL CENTRES
RETURN (`D`) BEND
500
500
90 deg BEND
NO JOINTS TO BE POSITIONED
BETWEEN TWO CORNER STANDARDS
1000
50
J
P
BALL CENTRES
TO SUIT
J
ANGLE TO
SUIT +/- 1 deg
P
J
RB
STAIRCASE
RETURN BEND
STAIR RISE
EQ
900 generally
ANGLE TO
SUIT +/- 1 deg
1000
EQ
00
1100 Design Height
10
RAMP BEND
NOTE!
NOTE!
In some instances
weld-elbows are used
to achieve required
sizes if machine bends
are not possible.
UP
UP
W REATH TYPE
STAIRCASE BEND
TO SUIT
ANGLES TO
SUIT +/- 1 deg
Joints to be positioned 150 max from

centre of a standard or preferably on
centre of standard. ie; within the ball.
There should be no joints between
two corner standards.
6400 APPROX
TO SUIT
M8 x 8 grubscrews
INTERNAL GRUB
SCREW TYPE JOINT
RA NDOM LENGTHS

JOINT
13
50
HANDRAIL
50
50
150
75
HANDRAIL LAYOUT
P
SELF CLOSING
SPRING ASSEMBLIES
( CAN BE SOLD
SEPARATELY )
" "
ADVISE POST CENTRES

DRILL & TAP
FOR M8 X 8
GRUBSCREW
CHAIN
FIT PLASTIC CAPS

IN RAIL ENDS
14 DIA HOLES
STANDARD
W ALL FLANGES
WALL FLANGE
NOTES!
P = The pitch of standards to suit
the design load
A or B should not be greater than 300mm
A + B should not exceed max pitch P.
FULL HEIGHT
GATE
RB = return bend
LOWER
HINGE
J = joint in handrail
ALLOW FOR FINGER

CLEARANCE OF 75mm
GATE
SIZE SIMILAR TO
KICK FLAT
RB
NO JOINTS BEFORE STANDARD

AT ANY RETURN BEND
1100
Handrail Height
KICKFLAT
TUBE TO MATCH
O/D OF HANDRAIL
FLAT BAR
MESH INFILL PANELS W HERE

REQUIRED CLIPPED TO THE
POSTS AND HANDRAILS
HALF HEIGHT
GATE
SELF CLOSING
SPRING ASSEMBLY
FOR UPPER HINGE
ONLY
10
10
LOW ER HINGE
UPPER HINGE
INTERNAL CLAMP
(EXPANDING) TYPE JOINT
DETAILS
GATE HINGE DETAILS

Handrails

14
AXESS LADDER SYSTEMS
16
AXESS Vertical Ladder System


17

AXESS Vertical Ladder System Self Assembly:

Guardrails AXESS vertical permanent ladder system is of a safe, simple modular design offering individual
parts which bolt together to form a complete ladder.
Parts are usually kept in stock for quick delivery or can be supplied as a complete ladder once the oor to oor
dimension is given. This system tries to eliminate the need for expensive site surveys and the preparation of
detail drawings which adds to delivery time.
Health & Safety:
The unique design and production of AXESS components are generally BS compatible for the health and safety
conscious.
Flexible
AXESS is usually available off the shelf
and is so exible it will solve virtually any
access problem.
Easy to install
AXESS is straightforward to install.
Supplied in at-pack form for ease of
transportation thus lending itself to export
projects

18

System Components:
REQUIRED FOR
BS EN 14122

ITEM AX3
Ladder Extension
ITEM AX4
Extension to Floor

ITEM
AX6
ITEM AX8
Top Hoop
ITEM AX5
Top Step
ITEM AX11
Top Cage
Strap
ITEM AX9
Lower Hoop
ITEM AX7
Ladder Stay
ITEM AX1
Long Ladder
Section
2500mm
ITEM AX10
Splice Plates
ITEMS AX13 & 14
Cage Splices
ITEM AX12
Lower Cage
Strap
ITEM AX6
Ladder Foot

ITEM AX2
Short Ladder
Section
1250mm
19

Ladder Assembly Detail:

NOTE
CUP HEAD BOLTS TO EXTENSIONS
PIECES ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL TO BE
FITTED TO THE INSIDE
OF THE LADDER
AX4
EXTENSION
TO FLOOR
AX3
EXTENSION
AX5
TOP STEP
AX10
SPLICE
NOTE
CUP HEAD BOLTS TO LADDER
SECTIONS TO BE FITTED TO
THE OUTSIDE OF THE LADDER
AX1/AX2
LADDER
SECTIONS
AX6
FEET
NOTE
THE LONGER CUP HEAD BOLTS
ARE TO BE USED WHEN CONNECTING
3 No THICKNESSES OF MATERIAL
TOGETHER

AX7
STAYS
20

Cage Assembly Detail:

!

!
FULL

HEIGHT
GATE

Gates are a mandatory

requirement for
BS EN ISO 14122
!

!

CLIMB RESTRICTION PLATES ARE

AVAILABLE

21
AXESS Typical Examples

Typical examples - for approx 2000, 2500 or 3500 mm rises:

AX8
AX4
5 No AX11
STRAPS
1200
AX8
AX4
CUT TO
SUIT
240
RE-DRILL FOR
TOP HOOP IF REQ
CUT STRAPS
TO SUIT
1200
100
AX6 FEET
AX8
AX3
AX10
SPLICE
AX5 TOP STEP
100
240
AX6 FEET
1035
AX10
SPLICE
AX13/AX14
SPLICE
AX5 TOP STEP
AX7 STAYS
2375
CAN BE FITTED
TO ANY HOLE
IN LADDER TO SUIT
REQUIREMENTS
2000 APPROX UP TO 2300 MAX
5 No AX11
STRAPS
700
AX8
AX3
2500 OPTIMUM
2200 MIN
3000 MAX
5 No AX12
STRAPS
AX9
AX1
AX7 STAYS
CUT TO
SUIT
CAN BE FITTED
TO ANY HOLE
IN LADDER TO SUIT
REQUIREMENTS
CUT TO
SUIT
AX9
AX1
3500 APPROX
CUT DOWN MAIN LADDER

SECTION AT BASE TO SUIT
2590
TYPICAL EXAMPLE FOR APPROX 2000mm RISE

(2000 TO 2300 mm)
3300 UP TO 3800 MAX
AX6 FEET
AX8
AX4
2500 OPTIMUM
2200 MIN
3000 MAX
AX10
SPLICE
700
5 No AX11
STRAPS
AX2
1200
CUT TO
SUIT
CUT TO
SUIT
AX8
AX3
100
240
AX6 FEET
AX6 FEET
AX9
AX5 TOP STEP
AX7 STAYS
CUT DOWN AX2 LADDER

DRILL FOR
LOWER HOOP
OR USE TOP
STEP HOLES

(3300 TO 3800 mm)
AX10
SPLICE
CAN BE FITTED
TO ANY HOLE
IN LADDER TO SUIT
REQUIREMENTS
2515
2500 APPROX
2400 UP TO 2700 MAX
AX1
CUT TO
SUIT
2500 OPTIMUM
2200 MIN
3000 MAX
AX6 FEET
CUT DOWN MAIN LADDER

(2400 TO 2700 mm)


22

Typical examples - for approx 3000 & 4000 mm rises:

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342!03
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23

Typical examples - for approx 4500 & 5500 mm rises:

!8
!8
!8
!8

.O!8
342!03

.O!8
342!03
!8
!8

!8
!8

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30,)#%
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.O!8
342!03

#!."%&)44%$
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).,!$$%24/35)4
2%15)2%-%.43

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).,!$$%24/35)4
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30,)#%
!84/034%0
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&ORRISESABOVEMMRESTPLATFORMSARE
RECOMMENDEDPLEASECONTACTOUR3ALES
$EPARTMENTFORDETAILS



24
KICK FLAT SYSTEM
26
Kick Flat System
KICK
FLAT C
SECTION
150mm high
giving high strength
to weight ratio
POST CONNECTIONS

27
Kick Flat System
END CAP
HINGE DETAIL
CANTILEVER
Guardrail C Section Kick Flat System is usually available ex-stock in approximately 3000mm or 6000mm random
lengths that can either be cut on site or shop fabricated to suit customer requirements.
These coupled with U type post connections give a exible and easy to t product that can be part of a new
installation or retro tted to bring existing areas up to the requirements of the latest regulations.
The Standard recommended method of connection does not show any xings on the pedestrian side of
walkways and as such gives platforms a tidy, clean and linear look. As this product lends itself to being easy
to line / level / x installation times are short.
Kick Flat System

28
OPEN FLOORING
Open Flooring

30
31
Open Flooring
RECTANGULAR PATTERN
OPEN FLOORING
Guardrail open steel flooring consists of flat bars on edge restrained by twisted square
or indented round bars forge welded at right angles to give a grating mesh that offers
high strength to weight ratio.
GLOSSARY
of terms
Panels can be finished: Self Colour, Galvanised or others on request.
Load-Bearing Bar
A load-bearing
member spanning
between supports.
Deep Binding Bar

A bar or section fixed
to the edge of a flooring
panel flush and projecting
below the underside.
Cut-out
An area of flooring removed
to permit pipes, columns,
etc., to pass through or to
clear obstructions
Transverse Bar
A member fixed at right
angles to the loadbearing bars to provide
lateral restraint.
Front Edging Bar

A member attached to
the front of a stair tread
or to a flooring panel.
Straight Shaping
The part of a cut-out
which is straight.
End Plate
A plate fixed to a stair or
ladder tread for attaching
to the stringer.
Curved Shaping
The part of a cut-out
which is curved.
Curb Angle
A member fixed to
concrete or supporting
steelwork at the perimeter
of a flooring area.
Segmental
or Polygonal
Types of flooring
panels used
for platform
construction.
Pitch
The distance centreto-centre of load-bearing
bars or centres between
points of lateral support
to load-bearing bars.
PITC
PIT
Binding Bar
A bar or section fixed
to the edge of a flooring
panel flush with the top
of the load-bearing bar.
STRAIGHT-SHAPING
CH
Length (Direction of Span)

The overall dimension of
a flooring panel parallel
with the load-bearing bars.
Width
The overall dimension
of a flooring panel
measured at right angles
to the load-bearing bars.
CUT-OUT
WID
LENG
TH
TH
Kicking Plate ( Toe Plate)

A flat bar around the edge
of a flooring panel and
projecting above the top
of the load-bearing bars.
Net Area
The actual area of flooring
excluding cut-out areas.
Gross Area
The total area of flooring
including cut-out areas.
Flooring, Treads & Handrails for Industrial use

Aperture requirements BS 4592 Flooring, Treads & Handrails
for Industrial use.
U
CUT-O
Tangential
or Radial
The direction
of span in
segmental
or polygonal
flooring panels.
SEGMENTAL
POLYGONAL
TANGENTIAL
TANGENTIAL
LOAD
BEARING
BARS
RADIAL
RADIAL
MESH TYPES
The opening should prevent the passage of a 35mm

diameter sphere except where the grating is above a place
where people are working as opposed to occasionally
passing, then the openings should prevent a 20mm
diameter sphere.
a
41
30
34
b
Aperture requirements BS EN ISO 14122 Safety of

machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery
x
x
x
x
b
100
100
100
N.B. 41 x 100
type does not
conform to the
requirements
of BS 4592
Openings should prevent a 35mm sphere for occasional

passage underneath and a 20mm diameter sphere for
spaces more regularly worked, please contact our sales
department for specialist advice should any Guardrail
product be required for this standard.
Please contact our Technical Department for information

on Open Flooring load capabilities.
Other mesh types available on request.

Open Flooring

32
33
Open Flooring
STAIR TREADS
Fixing dimensions for bolted end plates
OPEN TYP E
Dimensions are in millimetres.

Pitch
line
50
16 min. overlap
65
Stairtread with Dimple Nosing.
CHEQUERPLATE
Back of Tread may be
Flanged up thus to comply
with regulations where
max. 100mm gap is required
Alternative
Nosing
(Convex)
Setting Out Point

(SOP)
Fixing holes/slots
14 for 12 bolts
(stair treads) or
12 for 10 bolts
(ladder treads)
Width of tread
in mm
Dimension x
in mm
Dimension y
in mm
Up to 100
101 to 149
150 to 175
176 to 249
250 to 290
291 & over
32
40
75
100
125
175
16
(ladder treads)
Width of tread
in mm
Hole centres
in mm
A
B
Hole diameter
in mm
100
150
200
250
300
30
40
50
50
50
30
(stair treads)
45
75
100
100
125
Go of Tread
Lap
Rise
Pitch Line
Tread Width
28
Flat
Nosing
Fixing
Holes
Plate
Thickness
Chequerplate stairtread with Flat Nosing .

12
14
14
14
14

34
Please contact our Sales Department for

specialist advise should any Guardrail
product be required to conform to
BS EN ISO 14122, BS 4592, BS 13374,
BS 6180 and The Work at Height Regulations.

Member of PF Group
Guardrail Engineering Limited Manders Industrial Estate Old Heath Road Wolverhampton WV1 2RP
Phone: 01902 871208 Fax: 01902 453330
enquiries@guardrailgroup.com www.guardrailgroup.com

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E N G I N E E R I N G LT D .

Guardrail Engineering Limited.

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Tubular & Solid Handrail Standards

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Tubular & Solid Handrail Standards

Horizontal Design Load

42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm

42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm

48.3 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm

48.3 mm o.d. x 4.0 mm

60.3 mm o.d. x 4.0 mm

Tubular & Solid Handrail Standards

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Tubular & Solid Sticks, Balls & Loose Bases

Standard industrial handrail components:

Solid fabricated sticks:

Tubular Ball ttings (Mild steel):

Solid forged balls (Mild steel):

Solid Fabricated Sticks

Loose Base plates:

Loose Base plate

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Counterbalance Handrail on roof

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Industrial Handrail System

Industrial Handrail System:

Industrial Handrail Systems

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Shop Fabricated Handrailing

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Shop Fabricated Handrailing

W ORK SHOP FABRICATED BENDS

HANDRAIL TUBE SIZES AVAILABLE:25 N.B TUBE (33.7 O/D)

RETURN (`D`) BEND

1100 Design Height

Joints to be positioned 150 max from

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Shop Fabricated Handrailing

ADVISE POST CENTRES

FIT PLASTIC CAPS

ALLOW FOR FINGER

NO JOINTS BEFORE STANDARD

MESH INFILL PANELS W HERE

GATE HINGE DETAILS

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

AXESS LADDER SYSTEMS

AXESS Vertical Ladder System

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

AXESS Vertical Ladder System

AXESS Vertical Ladder System Self Assembly:

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

AXESS Vertical Ladder System

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

AXESS Vertical Ladder System

Ladder Assembly Detail:

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. Tel. 01902 871208 Fax 01902 453330

AXESS Vertical Ladder System

Cage Assembly Detail:

Gates are a mandatory

CLIMB RESTRICTION PLATES ARE

AXESS Typical Examples

Typical examples - for approx 2000, 2500 or 3500 mm rises: