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High Reliability Solutions & Innovative Concepts For Offshore Wind Turbines
High Reliability Solutions & Innovative Concepts For Offshore Wind Turbines
Scientific Co-ordination:
Flix Avia Aranda
CENER (Centro Nacional de Energas Renovables)
Urb. La Florida C/ Somera 7-9, 1
28023 - Madrid Spain
Disclaimer:
Please note that these proceedings may only be redistributed to persons in countries participating in
the IEA RD&D Task 11.
The reason is that the participating countries are paying for this work and are expecting that the
results of their efforts stay within this group of countries.
The documentation can be distributed to the following countries: Canada, Denmark, European
Commission, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States.
After one year the proceedings can be distributed to all countries, that is October 2011
Two Subtasks
The task includes two subtasks. The
objective of the first subtask is to develop
recommended practices for wind turbine
testing and evaluation by assembling an
Experts Group for each topic needing
recommended practices. For example, the
Experts
Group
on
wind
speed
measurements published the document
titled Wind Speed Measurement and Use
of Cup Anemometry. A document dealing
with Sodar measurements are presently
under development.
The objective of the second subtask is to
conduct topical expert meetings in research
areas identified by the IEA R&D Wind
Executive Committee. The Executive
Committee designates topics in research
areas of current interest, which requires an
exchange of information. So far, Topical
Expert Meetings are arranged four times a
year.
Documentation
Since these activities were initiated in
1978, more than 60 volumes of
proceedings have been published. In the
series of Recommended Practices 11
documents were published and five of
these have revised editions.
All documents produced under Task 11
and published by the Operating Agent are
available to citizens of member countries
participating in this Task.
Operating Agent
CENER
Flix Avia Aranda
Urb. La Florida. C/ Somera 7-9, 1
C.P.: 28023 - Madrid Spain
Phone: +34 91417 5042
E-mail:favia@cener.com
II
INSTITUTION
Canada
Denmark
European Commission
European Commission
Finland
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Republic of Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
SenterNovem
Norway
Spain
CIEMAT
Sweden
Energimyndigheten
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
Blank page
IV
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
a) BackgroundIX
b) Techniques..X
c) Topics to be addressedXI
d) Expected outcomes..XI
e) AgendaXII
PRESENTATIONS
1.Presentation of Introductory Note
Mr. John O. Tande SINTEF 01
1. Review of the OC3 IEA Wind Task 23 & Plans for OC4 under Task 30
Jason Jonkman, National Renewable Energy Laboratoy (NREL), USA..09
9. The status of research and technology development on offshore wind energy in Japan
Chuichi Arakawa. Kyoto University, Japan ................121
10. Research and Development of a Hybrid-spar for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Tomoaki Utsunomiya, Civil and Earth Resources Engineering Dep, Kyoto Univ. Japan ..133
11. Influence of Waves to Wind Misalignment to Dynamic Characteristics...."
Yoshida Shigeo. Fuji Heavy Industries. Japan 163
12. Integrated Dynamic Response Analysis of Spar-Type Wind Turbines with Catenary and
Taut Mooring.
Madjid Karimirad.Torgeir Moan. NTNU. Norway 169
13. Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Installations.
Peter Jamieson. Univ Stratchclyde UK .179
VI
SUMMARY
a) Participants
b) Discussion
c) Future actions under the umbrella of IEA Wind
VII
VIII
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Prepared by John Olav Tande
a) Background
Targets are set for a massive installation of offshore wind farms. In Europe alone plans suggest 40 GW
by 2020 and 150 GW by 2030 as viable. The development is ongoing, but in an early stage. Only about
2 GW of offshore wind farms have so far been installed, and all relatively close to shore at shallow
waters using what can be called on-shore wind technology. The exceptions are the Beatrice wind farm
installed at 46 m water depth using jacket sub-structures, the Alpha Ventus wind farm demonstrating
jackets and tripods for foundation, and the floating wind turbine concepts, HyWind and BlueH. New
concepts are under development, e.g. SWAY, WindFloat and WindSea.
The experience so far indicates that technical challenges related to offshore installation, operation,
maintenance and repairs have been underestimated, though are now being addressed by the industry and
applied research.
Bottom-fixed wind farms, and mainly at shallow waters, are expected to dominate the near term
development, whereas industry-scale deployment of deep offshore (floating) wind farms are expected
after 2020.
A joint challenge in offshore wind is costs. The very ambitious targets for development of offshore wind
farms are only likely to be realized provided significant cost reductions. This can be achieved through
incremental improvements, e.g. gaining cost reductions through more efficient mass-fabrication and
installation procedures, reduction of risks and contingencies through experience and better engineering
tools, improved quality in critical parts and more cost-efficient operation and maintenance.
This topical expert meeting takes this as background, and focus on the possibilities of step-changes in
technology aiming for high reliability solutions and innovative concepts as a means for cost reductions
of offshore wind energy. These are solutions and concepts in the R&D phase today.
IX
b) Techniques
Improving the reliability of offshore wind turbines is paramount to the success of offshore wind
energy in the future. The larger the machine and further away from the coast, the larger the economic
loss for non-operation and associated maintenance. Vintage wind turbines often have the same gearbox
for their entire working lives. Modern wind turbines are much larger and optimised by weight and
efficiency. They need a number of major overhauls during their lifetimes to ensure efficient operation,
as does any conventional power generation plant. Wind turbines are currently designed in such a way
that the exchange of main components or sub assemblies is difficult. More efficient and newer drive
train concepts are needed to bring turbine reliability up to the required level. A more modular build up
of drive trains with more built in redundancy could help faster, cheaper and more efficient turbine
maintenance. The need for extremely reliable machines offshore can also be an extra driver for the
reliability of onshore machines.
Innovative concepts, such as variable speed, direct-drive offshore wind turbines are currently
emerging, with the aim of limiting the number of moving parts and lowering maintenance costs, as
gearboxes are expensive to replace offshore. A multi-pole gearless machine also operates at lower drive
train speeds and thus creates less stress on components. A main challenge for these concepts is to reduce
the weight on top of the tower, in order to optimise the use of material and limit the transport and
installation costs. So far, gearless machines have been heavier and more expensive to produce than their
geared equivalent. Lighter gearless technology is now being tested onshore.
Larger machines (5 to 10 MW), specifically designed for offshore could bring benefits in terms of
economies of scale by placing fewer larger machines on fewer foundations, or increasing the wind
farms power output. For example, economies of scale could also be realised by increasing the lifetime
to 30 years, provided it does not negatively affect the design.
Concepts such as two-bladed downwind turbines could emerge in the medium term. Two-bladed
machines are louder in operation making them less appropriate onshore, but not offshore. A two-bladed
machine would be easier to install as nacelles can be stacked with the full rotor mounted, whereas the
single blade lifts of the third blade for the bunny eared configuration are highly dependent on calm
weather. No large two-bladed offshore turbine is currently in operation.
The offshore wind industry will need to deploy upwards of 10,000 structures by 2020. The offshore
manufacturing industry cannot deliver this in its current form. The industry currently has insufficient
capacity, and the processes adapted from oil and gas manufacturing are not capable of delivering the
volumes required. Therefore the offshore wind industry must take urgent steps to rectify this situation.
In addition, the supply of substructures should not been seen as independent from their transport and
installation as an integrated approach is taken, taking into account unique site conditions and the
location of the wind farm.
Substructures represent a significant proportion of offshore development costs. In the case described
by Papalexandrou , the foundation represents 25% (5 MW turbine) to 34% (2 MW turbine) of
investment costs in 25m water depth. Thus, novel sub-structure designs and/or improved manufacturing
processes that reduce costs will be critical to improving the economics of offshore developments.
c) Topics to be addressed
The main objective is to hold a meeting to discuss and gather information on:
d) Expected outcomes
One of the goals of the meeting will be to gather the existing knowledge on the subject and come up
with suggestions / recommendations on how to proceed for future developments. The proceedings
document will contain:
Presentations by participants
Compilation of the most recent information on the topic
Main conclusions of the discussion session.
Definition of IEA Wind RD&Ds future role in this topic
The expected outcome of the meeting is a clearer understanding of high reliability solutions and
innovative concepts for offshore wind turbines, hereunder the proceedings and a plan for future
information exchange / work within this area. Is there a need for continued information exchange in this
area (e.g. is there interest in an IEA Task on this topic, and how should this relate to new Task 30:
Offshore Comparison of Dynamic Computer Codes and Models Offshore Comparison Collaborative
(OC3) Extension Project.
The International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for
Co-operation in the Research, Development, and Deployment of Wind Energy Systems
www.ieawind.org
XI
e) Agenda
Tuesday, September 21st
09:00 Registration. Collection of presentations and final Agenda
09:25 Introduction by Host
President Sverre Aam, SINTEF Energy Research
09:40 Introduction by AIE Task 11 Operating Agent. Recognition of Participants
Mr. Felix Avia, Operating Agent Task 11 IEAWind R&D
10:00 Presentation of Introductory Note
Mr. John O. Tande SINTEF
10:30 Coffee Break
11:10 Review of the OC3 Project under IEA Wind Task 23 & Plans for OC4
under Task 30. Jason Jonkman, National Renewable Energy Laboratoy
(NREL), USA
11:35 Findings and Prospects in Research on Support Structures and
Foundations in GIGAWIND alpha ventus. Jan Dubois, Leibniz University of
Hannover, Germany
12:00 Lunch
13:00 DeepCWind Floating Offshore Wind Project in the U.S.
Amy Robertson. National Wind Technology Center, NREL, USA
13:25 SAEMar Project. Anchoring Systems for Renewable Marine Energies
Offshore Platforms. Ral Rodrguez Arias, Centro Tecnolgico de
Componentes, CTC, Santander .Spain
13:50 Taut mooring of floating wind turbines, application examples and
comparisons. Tor Anders Nygaard, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE),
Kjeller, Norway
14:15 Extreme loads Extrapolation for Offshore turbines.
Anand Natarajan. Ris DTU. Denmark
14:40 IDERMAR METEO: an innovative solution for offshore wind assesment.
Ral Guanche Garca. IH Cantabria. Spain
XII
Adjourn
XIII
12:05 Lunch
13:00 Discussion and Summary of Meeting
14:00 Technical Tour to the Ocean Basin Laboratory at MARINTEK.
16:00 End of the meeting
XIV
PRESENTATIONS
XV
XVI
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NOWITECH in brief
Objective:
Pre-competitive research laying a foundation for industrial value creation
and cost-effective offshore wind farms. Emphasis on deep sea (+30 m).
R&D partners: SINTEF, IFE, NTNU + associates: Ris DTU (DK), NREL & MIT
(US), Fraunhofer IWES (DE), University of Strathclyde (UK), TU Delft (NL)
Industry partners: Statkraft, Statoil, Vestavind Kraft, Dong Energy, Lyse,
Statnett, Aker Solutions, SmartMotor, NTE, DNV, Vestas, Fugro Oceanor,
Devold AMT, TrnderEnergi, EDF + associates: Innovation Norway, Enova,
NORWEA, NVE, Energy Norway, Navitas Network
Work packages:
1. Numerical design tools (including wind and hydrodynamics)
2. Energy conversion system (new materials for lightweight blades & generators)
3. Novel substructures (bottom-fixed
(bottom fixed and floaters)
4. Grid connection and system integration
5. Operation and maintenance
6. Concept validation, experiments and demonstration
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NOWITECH vision
large scale deployment of deep sea offshore wind turbines
an internationally leading research community on offshore wind
technology enabling industry partners to be in the forefront.
Huge potential
Offshore wind is vital for
battling climate change,
development of industry and
security of supply
Development at an early
stage; less than 2% of the
global wind capacity is
installed offshore
Technology needs to be
developed to reduce costs
per kWh
Karmy
HyWind
(floating, 200m)
(jacket, 46m)
Offshore 2009: ~2 GW
O&M
LPC distribution of
offshore wind farm
(example)
Wind
turbine
Substructure
Grid
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NREL/MIT
HiPRwind
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
2,3 MW
Turbine weight
138 tons
Draft hull
100 m
Nacelle height
65 m
Rotor diameter
82,4 m
Water depth
150700 m
Displacement
5300 tons
Mooring
3 lines
D @ water line
6m
D submerged
8,3 m
In-shore assembly in
sheltered waters
Tug-boats for transport
to site for installation
Alternative: WindFlip?
8
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
10
-15100
With stabilizer
Without stabilizer
200
250
Time (s)
150
300
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0
200
400
600
10
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Wind
turbine
Substructure
Grid
12
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Hydropower
with storage
Wind farms
NorNed
SK 4
Ekofisk
NORD.LINK / NorGer
SK
1,2,3
Main challenges
Many possible grid configurations
New market solutions are required
New technology
gy ((HVDC VSC, multiterminal, hybrid HVDC/HVAC, .. )
Cost, Reliability and Security of Supply
140
Number of cab
ble configurations
10
120
10
100
10
80
10
60
10
40
10
20
10
10
10
15
20
Number of nodes
25
30
13
14
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
~225 kW
15
Rounding up
Remarkable results are already achieved by industry and
R&D institutes on offshore wind
Technology still in an early phase Big potential provided
technical development and bringing cost down
The goal of this meeting is to address high reliability
solutions & innovative concepts for offshore wind turbines.
Focus is on solutions / concepts under development.
The expected outcome is a clearer understanding of the
topic and considering need for continued information
exchange in this area, e.g. through a new IEA Wind Task
or as part of IEA Wind Task 30 (offshore)
16
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
OC3/OC4 Background
OWTs are designed using aero-hydro-servo-elastic codes
The codes must be verified to assess their accuracy
Activities
Objectives
10
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
3Dfloat
ADAMS-AeroDyn-HydroDyn
ADAMS-AeroDyn-WaveLoads
ADCoS-Offshore
ADCoS-Offshore-ASAS
ANSYS-WaveLoads
BHawC
Bladed
Bladed Multibody
DeepC
FAST-AeroDyn-HydroDyn
FAST-AeroDyn-NASTRAN
FLEX5
FLEX5-Poseidon
HAWC
HAWC2
SESAM
SIMPACK-AeroDyn
Simo
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Phases
11
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Load Cases
1.X Full-System Eigenanalysis
Full-system flexibility
Elastic response only
Compared natural frequencies &
damping ratios
2.X Rigid
Rigid turbine
Aerodynamics without hydro:
Full-system flexibility
Full aero-hydro-servo-elastics:
Steady winds with regular waves
Turbulent winds with irregular waves
Output Parameters
12
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
OC3 Results
1 conference paper per phase
published/presented:
Key findings:
A fine discretization of hydrodynamic loads
is required near the free surface
Overlapping regions where structural
members join at nodes have a large effect
Despite having thin members, shear
deflection through Timoshenko beam
theory has a large effect on the tripod load
distribution
IEA Wind Task 11 TEM #63
10
13
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
12
Spar Concept
by SWAY
UpWind
WP4 Reference
Jacket (Images: F. Vorpahl,
Fraunhofer-IWES)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
14
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
13
14
Image: J. t Hooft,
SenterNovem
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
15
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Summary
OC3/OC4 aims to verify OWT dynamics
codes
Benchmark models & simulations established
Simulations test a variety of OWT types &
model features
Code-to-code comparisons have agreed well
Differences caused by variations in:
Model fidelity
Aero-, hydro-, & structural-dynamic theories
Model discretization
Numerical problems
User error
Spar
Concept by SWAY
Many code errors have been resolved
Semi-submersible
Concept
Engineers equipped with modeling experience
IEA Wind Task 11 TEM #63
15
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Verification is critical to advance offshore wind
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
16
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
17
18
17
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
95000
WP1 Coordination
Reporting
40000
Fraunhofer-IWES
TOTAL
135000
19
Task Name
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2010
2011
2012
2013
O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O
11/9
2/1
3/31
1/29
4/28
9/22
12/18
4/30
4/30
11/1
5/2
10/31
4/30
10/31
4/30
20
18
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
21
Country Commitments
Interested countries must join
Task 30
Committed:
Germany, USA
Declined:
EC, EWEA, Switzerland
Considering:
Norway, The Netherlands, Korea,
Spain, Sweden, Ireland, Finland,
Canada
No Response:
Denmark, UK
22
19
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute Battelle
Significant jump in
complexity from
monopile substructure.
Statically
indeterminate
Loads influenced by
relative deflection of
members
24
20
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
10
15
20
25
30
35
-500.0000
Upwind leg axial shear
force (coarse
discretisation)
-1000.0000
-1500.0000
-2000.0000
-2500.0000
-3000.0000
-3500.0000
-4000.0000
Time [s]
25
It is important to take
account of the
overlapping regions
when structure
members join at nodes
In this case, the volume
which could be doublecounted would be 8%
of the total volume
below sea level having
a significant effect on
buoyancy and wave
IEA Wind Task 11 TEM
#63
loads.
26
21
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
l
x
M
P
l2
(Pl (4 + ) + 6M )
12 EI
12EI
GAS l 2
28
22
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Results - Eigenanalysis
CENER FASTNASTRAN Natural Frequency (Hz)
CENER Bladed Natural Frequency (Hz)
CWMT ADCoS Natural Frequency (Hz)
GH Bladed Natural Frequency (Hz)
GH Bladed (Timoshenko) Natural Frequency (Hz)
LUH WaveLoadsANSYS Natural Frequency (Hz)
Risoe HAWC2 Natural Frequency (Hz)
Risoe HAWC2_BE Natural Frequency (Hz)
SWE FLEX5Poseidon Natural Frequency (Hz)
3.0000
2.5000
2.0000
1.5000
1.0000
0.5000
tra
1s
in
1s
tB
To
tB
la
rs
la
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io
de
n
C
As
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ap
de
Fl
As
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ym
i
tB
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la
et
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As
Fl
ap
ym
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m
ise
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et
la
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ym
w
ise
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et
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ge
w
ise
2n
Ya
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w
To
w
er
2n
Fo
d
To
re
-A
w
er
ft
Si
2n
de
2n
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Bl
Si
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ym
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id
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1s
tD
riv
e
ow
1s
tT
1s
tT
ow
er
Si
de
-
er
F
or
eAf
0.0000
29
30
23
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
-1200
-1250
-1300
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1350
-1400
-1200
-1400
-1600
-1450
-1500
-1800
10
15
Simulation Time (s )
6000
4000
2000
15
0
-500
-1000
0
-2000
-1500
-4000
-2000
-6000
-8000
-2500
-10000
-3000
10
15
-100
-200
10
15
10
8000
-300
-400
-500
10000
5000
0
-5000
-10000
-600
-700
-15000
10
15
Simulation Time (s )
10
15
31
150
50
0
-50
-100
5
10
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
15
10
Simulation Time (s )
40
80
50
60
40
20
0
-20
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
10
15
10
60
40
15
Simulation Time (s )
80
20
0
-20
-40
-60
5000
0
-5000
-10000
-15000
10
15
15
Simulation Time (s )
100
10
15
32
24
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
-7099
-7100
-7101
-7101
-7102
-7102
-7103
5
10
-7160
-7170
-7180
-7190
-7200
-7210
-7220
-7230
-7240
-7250
15
Simulation Time (s )
-2000
-3000
-4000
-5000
-6000
5
10
500
0
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000
-3500
15
Simulation Time (s )
10
15
600
400
15
1000
-1000
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
5
10
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000
-3500
-4000
-4500
15
Simulation Time (s )
10
10
15
33
0.010
0.005
0.000
-0.005
-0.010
-0.015
-0.020
-0.025
-0.030
-0.035
5
10
15
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.002
-0.003
-0.004
-0.005
5
10
15
34
25
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Operated
the
U.S.
Department
Energy
Office
Energy
Efficiency
and
Renewable
Energy
Midwest
InstituteEnergy,
Battelle
Operated
forfor
the
U.S.
Department
of of
Energy
Office
of of
Energy
Efficiency
and
Renewable
Energy
byby
the
AllianceResearch
for Sustainable
LLC
Complicated shape:
Radiation & diffraction
OC3-Hywind
Moorings
Statoil supplied data for 5-MW
Hywind conceptual design
OC3 adapted spar to support the
NREL 5-MW turbine:
Rotor-nacelle assembly unchanged
Tower & control system modified
36
OC3-Hywind Model
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
26
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic Capabilities
FAST
Bladed
ADAMS
HAWC2
3Dfloat
Simo
SESAM / DeepC
IFE-UMB
MARINTEK
DNV
IFE-UMB
MARINTEK
Acciona + NTNU
( BEM or GDW )
BEM
None
Airy + ME
Airy + PF + ME
Airy+ + ME,
Airy + PF + ME
UD
DLL
None
Turbine: FEM,
Moorings: FEM, UDFD
Turbine: MBS,
Moorings: QSCE,
MBS
Turbine: MBS,
Moorings: QSCE,
FEM
Code Developer
NREL
GH
MSC + NREL
+ LUH
Ris-DTU
OC3 Participant
NREL + POSTECH
GH
NREL + LUH
Ris-DTU
Aerodynamics
( BEM or GDW )
+ DS
( BEM or GDW )
+ DS
( BEM or GDW )
+ DS
Airy+ + ME,
Airy + PF + ME
( Airy+ or Stream )
+ ME
Airy+ + ME,
Airy + PF + ME
DLL, UD, SM
DLL
DLL, UD
( BEM or GDW )
+ DS
Hydrodynamics
Airy + ME
Control System (Servo)
DLL, UD, SM
Structural Dynamics (Elastic)
Turbine: FEMP +
( Modal / MBS ),
Moorings: QSCE
Airy+
BEM
DLL
DNV
DS
Turbine: FEMP +
( Modal / MBS ),
Moorings: UDFD
Turbine: MBS,
Moorings: QSCE,
UDFD
GDW
FEMP
MBS
ME
MSC
PF
QSCE
SM
UD
UDFD
37
Enabled DOFs
Wind Conditions
Wave Conditions
Analysis Type
1.2
Platform, tower,
drivetrain, blades
Still water
Eigenanalysis
1.3
Platform, tower,
drivetrain, blades
Still water
1.4
Platform
Still Water
4.1
Platform, tower
Regular Airy: H = 6 m, T = 10 s
4.2
Platform, tower
5.1
Platform, tower,
drivetrain, blades
5.2
Platform, tower, Turbulent: Vhub = Vr (11.4 m/s), Irregular Airy: Hs = 6 m, Tp = 10 s, Time-series statistics, DELs,
drivetrain, blades 1 = 1.981 m/s, Mann model
JONSWAP wave spectrum
power spectra
5.3
Platform, tower,
drivetrain, blades
5.4
Platform, tower,
drivetrain, blades
DEL
DOF
H
Hs
T
Tp
Vhub
Vr
1
Time-series-generated
effective RAOs
27
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Rotor Blade
Loads & Deflections
13 Outputs
Tower
Loads & Deflections
15 Outputs
Environment
Wind & Waves
4 Outputs
Mooring System
Fairlead & Anchor
Tensions & Angles
12 Outputs
Platform
Displacements
6 Outputs
39
Results Legend
Full-System Eigenanalysis
40
28
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Free Decay
41
Hydro-Elastic Response
with Regular Waves
42
29
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Hydro-Elastic Response
with Irregular Waves
43
Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic Response
with Regular Waves
44
30
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic Response
with Irregular Waves
45
Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic
Effective RAOs
46
31
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
47
48
32
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Nov 2009
Jan 2010
alpha-ventus.de
Outline
33
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Location
34
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
REpower 5M
Met Mast
FINO 1
Multibrid M5000
50 Mio.
member in
3 Mio.
GIGAWIND project
Leibniz Universitt
Hannover (75%)
GIGAWIND project
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
IWES (25%)
35
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
coordination
deputy coordination
Cooperation Partners:
Franzius-Institut
fr Wasserbau und
Ksteningenieurwesen
funded by:
Research Objectives
Cost reduction of OWEC support
structures
corrosion rate
Research Objectives
of GIGAWIND alpha ventus
36
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Wave Loads
Large scale model tests
Impact loads of breaking waves
Waveloads of nonbreaking waves
Spatial and time-resolved pressure
distribution
Wave kinematics
Validation
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Calibration of numerical models
Analysis of impact loads
Probabilistic design concepts
Influence of sea state parameters
Source: Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic, Waterways and Coastal Engineering, Arndt Hildebrandt, 2010
Wave Loads
37
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
sea level
box
sleeve
18 m
relative displacement
between pile and sleeve
standard inductive
sensor
animation offshore
measuring box
tested in laboratory
pile
tripod
WP 2 - Fatigue Resistance /
Manufacturing Aspects
[m]
Source: Institute for Steel Construction, Malte Gottschalk
WP 2 - Fatigue Resistance /
Manufacturing Aspects
38
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Corrosion Monitoring
Transfer of electrochemical laboratory methods
onto offshore structures
11
10
10
10
9
10
8
10
7
10
6
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
-2
10
proper coating
t= 0
t = 4d
t = 8d
t = 11d
-1
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
10
10
10
9
10
8
10
7
10
6
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
-2
10
weak coating
t= 0
t = 4d
t = 8d
t = 11d
-1
10
10
10
10
10
10
laboratory cell
Source: Fraunhofer IWES, Holger Huhn
Corrosion Monitoring
Implementation and testing of sensor electrodes on
coated samples
6 months
2 weeks
inkjet application
embedded wires
2 weeks
6 months
Top coat
3. Primer layer
2. Prmer layer
primer
Sensors
Steel
39
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Corrosion Monitoring
Field exposure test of sensorized and coated samples
reference
styrenebutadiene
10,0%
1250
styrenebutadiene
20,0%
1000
spalling [g/m]
styreneacrylate
10,0%
750
styreneacrylate
20,0%
500
250
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
freeze-thaw-cycles
Normal concrete
40
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SHM
Damage quantification
Damage curve over life time per
component
Estimation of residual load capacity
and residual life time
Serial, cost-efficient offshore application
Example
TP5:
Arne Stahlmann
41
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Franzius-Institute (2010)
0, 3000
MC
S/ D
1P: 0.82
3P: 1.13
MC: 1.11
3P
Monopile:
S: scour depth
3000 waves
IGBE (2010)
42
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Source: Institute of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Khalid Abdel-Rahman, Marina Mller
43
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Definition of validation
parameter
on the basis of sensitivity analysis
Measurement data
dynamic behaviour from system
identification (AR models)
eigenfrequencies as
target values
Validation process
- correlation of simulated and measured eigenmodes
by weighted MAC values (comparison of eigenvectors)
Source: DOTI
44
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Poseidon/WaveLoads
AV4 alpha ventus
Adams/WaveLoads/ AeroDyn
OC3 Tripod
AeroDyn
ADAMS
WaveLoads
Aerodynamic
Aerodynamic
loads
loads
Poseidon
ANSYS
DeSiO OC3 Tripod
WP8
GUI / Visualization
Controller
Modelling
FAST
AeroDyn
ADAMS
WaveLoads
FALCOS
Poseidon
ANSYS
DeSiO
Date base
Controller
Visualization
Source: Institute for Steel Construction, Vsquez; Institute of Structural Analysis, Reil, Kohlmeier, 2010
45
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
AeroDyn
ADAMS
WaveLoads
FALCOS
Poseidon
ANSYS
DeSiO
Date base
Controller
Visualization
OC4 jacket
structure
analysed in
WaveLoads
Source: Institute for Steel Construction, Vsquez; Institute of Structural Analysis, Reil, Kohlmeier, 2010
AeroDyn
ADAMS
WaveLoads
FALCOS
Poseidon
ANSYS
DeSiO
Date base
Controller
Visualization
ANSYS
ANSYS
46
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Conclusion
47
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
48
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Deep Water
(>60 m)
49
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
50
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
51
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Model Scaling
Offshore platforms are typically scaled
using Froude Number and geometric
similarity:
Frm = Frf
Lm = Lf
m= model
f = full scale
Froude Number:
ratio of bodys
inertia to
gravitational forces
Fr =
C2
gL
C = wave celerity
g = gravity
L = Length unit
U = wind speed
52
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Unit
Scale Factor
Length
Time
0.5
Area
L2
Volume
L3
Mass
Wave Celerity
LT-1
0.5
Wave Height
Wave Period
0.5
Wind Speed
LT-1
0.5
MLT-2
Power
ML2T-3
7/2
Stress
ML-1T-2
Modulus of Elasticity
ML-1T-2
Modal Frequency
T-1
-0.5
Dimensionless numbers
maintained in scaling
1.Froude
2.MV - C/V
3.Tip Seed Ratio (TSR) of
Turbine by adjusting rpm?
Full Scale
Scaling Equation
=50
=60
=75
Tower
Elevation to Tower Base (Platform Top) Above SWL (m)
Elevation to Tower Top (Yaw Bearing) Above SWL (m)
Tower Mass (kg)
10
87.6
249718
Lm = Lf/
0.200
0.167
0.133
Lm = Lf/
Mm = Mf/3
1.752
1.998
1.460
1.156
1.168
0.592
1.552
0.076
0.130
1.293
0.063
0.108
1.035
0.050
0.087
77.6
3.78
6.5
Lm = Lf/
Lm = Lf/
Lm = Lf/
120
Lm = Lf/
2.400
2.000
1.600
10
108
Lm = Lf/
Lm = Lf/
0.200
0.167
0.133
2.160
1.800
1.440
4
12
Lm = Lf/
Lm = Lf/
0.080
0.240
0.067
0.200
0.053
0.160
0.019
Platform
7919.58
Vm = Vf/
0.063
0.037
6.5
9.4
7466330
Lm = Lf/
Lm = Lf/
0.130
0.188
0.108
0.157
0.087
0.125
Mm = Mf/3
59.731
34.566
17.698
Lm = Lf/
Lm = Lf/
6.4
18.044
5.3
15.04
4.27
12.03
Mooring 3 line
Water Depth(m)
Unstretched (?) mooring length (m)
320
902.2
10
53
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Turbine Configurations
HAWT
2 or 3-bladed
Upwind or downwind
Land-based or offshore
Offshore monopiles or floating
Rigid or flexible foundation
11
FAST Verification
Participated in OC3, which compared the results of a
variety of load cases for the OC3 HyWind Spar, with the
NREL 5 MW turbine placed on top.
New verification efforts are looking at understanding
limitations in the HydroDyn Module of FAST
2nd order irregular waves
Dynamic mooring lines
Viscous drag elements
12
54
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
13
14
55
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Prob. Exceeding
1/3 Scale 50
year Hs (3.3m) in
one week
Jan
52%
Feb
69%
March
56%
April
47%
May
28%
June
7%
July
0%
August
1%
September
4%
October
46%
November
58%
December
73%
15
16
56
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
FUNDACIN
CENTRO
TECNOLGICO DE
COMPONENTES
SAEMar Project
Ral Rodrguez Arias
Head of Renewable Energies Unit
CTC
SUMMARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CTC Presentation
SAEMar Project: an overview
Project's main objective and key points
Consortium and Subprojects
Work Packages and dissemination activities
57
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
CTC Presentation
SAEMar Project
58
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
FACILITIES
SAEMar Project
59
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SAEMar Project
60
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Key points
Probabilistic design (level III) of the system life cycle (mooring lineanchor-terrain)
SAEMar Project
SAEMar Project
10
61
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SAEMar Project
11
PAGE11
SAEMar Project
12
PAGE12
62
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SAEMar Project
14
63
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SAEMar Project
15
SAEMar Project
16
64
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SAEMar Project
17
SAEMar Project
18
65
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Workpackages (I)
SAEMar Project
WP 1.2
Preliminary
analysis:
configuration (UDC)
WP 1.3
WP 1.4
WP 1.5
WP 1.6
Anchoring system
configuration (CTC)
WP 1.7
platform
analysis
in
and
mooring
offshore
farm
20
66
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Workpackages (II)
SP2:Hydrodynamics and Geotechnics of FOEP mooring
Systems
WP 2.1
WP 2.2
WP 2.3
SAEMar Project
WP 3.2
WP 3.3
21
Dissemination activities
Exploitation and dissemination of project results will be achieved
at 3 levels:
SAEMar Project
22
67
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
68
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
Outline
23.09.2010
69
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Engineering Challenges
23.09.2010
Examples
23.09.2010
70
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
HYWIND
Spar-buoy with catenary lines. Floater
restoring moment and rotor motion control
by large floater, heavy ballast and
innovative pitch controller. Inertiacontrolled motions.
5 MW version OC3-HYWIND defined
for model development and benchmarking
in the IEA-OC3 project.
Jonkman, J. et al (2010). Offshore Code
Comparison Collaboration within IEA
Wind Task 23. Europen Wind Energy
Conference & Exhibition, Warsaw, Poland,
April 2010.
23.09.2010
SWAY
Pre-stressed tower/floater spar with
downwind turbine. Restoring moment
by the horizontal offset between
center-of buoyancy and effective
center-of mass. Heave and yaw is
stiffness-controlled, other DOFs are
inertia-controlled.
10 MW prototype planned for
ygarden, Norway
23.09.2010
71
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Semi-Submersible - WindFloat
Restoring moment provided by heave
stiffness of three horizontally offset
cylinders.
Closed-loop water ballast system helps
maintaining vertical orientation of
tower.
Inertia- and damping control of motions.
Commercial development by Principal
Power Ltd.
23.09.2010
Wind
from left
23.09.2010
72
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Previous work
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
73
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Approach
Design a TLB floater for the IEA 5MW reference
offshore wind turbine.
Select mooring lines axial stiffness from Eigen
frequency analysis.
Determine pre-tension in the mooring lines, requiring
that a minimum level of pre-tension is maintained
during a worst-case extreme event.
Run various load cases to estimate loads on the
mooring lines and anchors.
23.09.2010
Example of TLB:
5MW application for 80m water depth
23.09.2010
74
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
Surge: T = 2.3s
23.09.2010
75
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Heave : T = 2.13s
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
76
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
Extreme case:
Hs = 17m, Vhub = 65 m/s (steady)
Wave kinematics: Superposition of airy waves for
finite water depth, JONSWAP spectrum with peak
period of 15.5 m/s. Phase, amplitude and
wavenumber information is stored to provide identical
wave fields for the different simulation runs.
Wave forces: Morison for floater and mooring lines.
Wind forces: Drag on tower and mooring lines. Airfoil
tables and freestream on parked rotor (fully exposed)
Gravity and buoyancy.
Wave elevation simulated for 3 hours, extreme event
at t = 1800-2200 chosen for simulation
23.09.2010
77
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
78
10
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
79
11
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
80
12
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
81
13
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
23.09.2010
82
14
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23.09.2010
Proposed variations
For a downwind turbine, upwind upper mooring
line(s) can take position almost up to hub height. This
would increase pitch stiffness, and reduce the need
for axial stiffness. The problem is that the roll
stiffness at certain wind directions would be
unaffected.
Move effective mooring line height up just below
nacelle during extreme weather (parked rotor). This
would relieve the entire tower of bending moment.
23.09.2010
83
15
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Cost estimates
23.09.2010
Summary
Tension Leg Buoy has been identified as potential
cost effective and stable platform for floating wind
turbines
The cost for mooring lines and anchors are currently
examined.This study aims to provide loads for
mooring lines and anchors, to improve cost
estimates.
The ultimate goal is to develop a platform with
properties similar to land-based tower, enabling
existing rotor technology to be utilized.
23.09.2010
84
16
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
85
17
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
86
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Introduction
IEC 61400-1, -3 load case 1.1 requires that operating load
predictions are made under normal turbulence wind inputs.
Edition 3 of the standard requires that the 50 year operating
extreme load is determined under normal turbulence wind
inputs
One of the common methodologies to determine the 50 year
extreme is to extrapolate the stochastic distribution of
extreme loads as determined from limited simulation data.
Normal turbulent wind simulations need to be performed
between cut-in to cut-out with atleast 15 seeds per mean
wind speed at mean wind speeds near and above rated till
cut-out.
The focus is primarily on the rotor-nacelle load extremes and
on the blade tip deflection where if extrapolation is not used,
then a conservative safety factor must be applied.
Ris DTU, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
87
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
88
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
.
.
.
R p ( x, R ) d R
x
0
89
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
0.06
0.05
Density
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
-42
-28
-14
14
28
42
P( F ) e
, z aaF 2 bbF c
p( F ) e
z e
, F FS
(2aF b), p( F ) 0,
FS
b / 2a
90
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
F) 1 e
( aF2 bF c )
a 0
0, b 0
P[ L10 min .
L]
P[ L10 min .
L V , ] fV , (V , )d dV
Vin 0
And
LV , ] 1
P[LLocalMax
P[ Llocal max
L |V, ] 1 e
LV , ]
e
(aF(v,
(a
)2 bF(V,
b
) c)
0.18
k = 2.0
0.16
k = 2.5
0.14
k = 3.0
0.12
fV,
Probability
P[ L10min .
k = 3.5
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02 0
10
15
20
25
30
91
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Wave Loading
1. Wave loading need not complicate the extreme load at the mud
line based on the significant contribution to the operational
extreme load from the wind.
2. Based on the percentage contribution from the wave loading,
the Weibull wind weighting in the computation of the 50 year
load maybe modified to separately add wave loading.
Mudline out of plane moment from normal operating linear wave loading is
about 20% of the total load
92
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
93
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
94
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Summary
1. The operating extreme 50 year mudline out of plane
load is strongly influenced by the wind induced effects.
2. The wave loading contributes to the extreme load at
the mudline, but the scatter in extremes is repeatable
unlike the scatter in extremes from the wind effect.
3. The 50 year operating extrapolated load with linear
waves showed limited variations with increase in wave
seeds.
4. The soil flexibility is relevant in determining the 50 year
extreme load.
5. The comparison with wind wave mislignment loads
from a 50 year storm case showed similar extreme
loads at the mudline as from the operating extremes.
Ris DTU, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
95
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
96
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Index
1. IH Cantabria: Brief introduction
2. IDERMAR: The Consortium
3. IDERMAR METEO
1. Prototype number 1
2. Prototype number 2
3. First IDERMAR METEO buoy
4. CONCLUSIONS
97
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IH Cantabria
Environmental Hydraulics Intitute of Cantabria
Spain
IH Cantabria
Main research areas
Main research areas
Coastal Oceanography
Design of coastal structures
Coastal and port engineering
Hydraulic engineering
Effects of Climate Change
Analysis of geophysical variables
Oil spill pollution in marine environments
Eco-hydraulics
Pollution of marine environments
Water quality
Flooding risks
Marine renewable energies
98
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IH Cantabria
Main facilities
Future facilities at
PCTCAN
Facilities at
University of Cantabria
IH Cantabria
Main facilities
Administrated by
IH Cantabria
Santoa
Wave energy prototypes
Area: 4800 Ha
Depth 45 200 m
Coastline at 16km
Depth:48 to 55 m
Allowed power: 2 MW.
Submerged electrical
transformer+sumerged power
cable+onshore electrical
station+Grid conection.
Submerged electrical
transformer+sumerged
power cable+onshore
electrical station+Grid
conection.
jueves, 23 de septiembre de 2010
99
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IH Cantabria
Marine Renewables
and
testing
of
marine
renewable
energy
IDERMAR
Consortium presentation
100
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
Objectives
IDERMAR is developing a new concept called
IDERMAR METEO consisting of an integral
wind resource and ocean data acquisition
system based on a floating structure.
-For medium-depth and deep waters
-Easily
adaptable
to
environmental conditions.
site-specific
IDERMAR METEO
Concept
IDERMAR METEO floating met-mast is composed of different structural
elements made of curved rolled steel plates and protective marine coating
treatments.
-Ballast tank
-Floater tank
-Central tube
-Mast
-Mooring lines
-Anchoring system
-Auxiliary structures
-Machinery
101
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
September 2010
IDERMAR METEO
Prototype num 1: Description
50 m of water depth
Fully monitorized:
-Wind sensors (cup and ultrasound):
20, 40 and 60m
100 m
6 km
102
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
Experimental buoy num 1: Field data
Field data results:
Real time monitorized
Worst observed sea state:
Hs=6.5m and Tp=15.4s
15th Nov 2009
Numerical model (SESAM)
calibration/validation:
Hs=4m Tp=15s
21st Oct 2009
Heave - Experimental vs Numrico
10
m0exp= 0.16441
m0num= 0.16726
S(m2/m/s)
8
6
4
Boya experimental
Boya num
2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
f(Hz))
IDERMAR METEO
Prototype num 1: Laboratory test
Facility used: IH Cantabria wave flume.
Mooring system adapted to flume width
Objective: Improve know-how and buoy design process
Results: Calibration data base
Test campaign instrumentation setup
Waves:
4 gauges: 1 at the buoy and 3 for incident and
reflected decomposition
Wind:
Generated with calibrated conventional fans
150
Y coordinate (mm)
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Target 4
200
100
50
-50
-200
-100
-50
0
X coordinate (mm)
50
100
150
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TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
Experimental buoy num 1: Laboratory test vs numerical
model
SESAM (HydroD, DeepC y GeniE).
Wind test (85 km/h): static analysis
Lab:
Pitch=14
Test:
Pitch=15
jueves, 23 de septiembre de 2010
IDERMAR METEO
Prototype num 2: Description
130 m
16 km
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TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
Prototype num 2: Laboratory studies
First laboratory test: IHCantabria Wave flume
Anchoring system adapted to wave flume width
Water depth 70 m due to facility limitations
Limited wave and wind conditions
Scale: 1/50
Second laboratory test: MARIN (NL)
Long crested and short crested tests
Current test: VIM test
Wave and current test
Scale: 1/40
Conclusions:
Long crested is a conservative test
Wind and current induce similar dynamics on
the buoy
The observed motions never resulted in
unnaccpetable mooring loads
jueves, 23 de septiembre de 2010
IDERMAR METEO
First IDERMAR METEO buoy
First IDERMAR METEO buoy has gathered all the
experience learnt with prototype 1 and 2.
The concept is still the same.
130 m
105
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
First IDERMAR METEO buoy
IDERMAR METEO
First IDERMAR METEO buoy
106
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TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IDERMAR METEO
First IDERMAR METEO buoy
Facility used:
Objective:
Results:
Normal conditions
Movements and Forces. Calibration database
Conclusions:
Under normal conditions movements and mooring loads
are limited
Extreme waves yields mooring loads that never were
unacceptable
Freak waves has been registered and significant
motions has been observed but mooring lines were
limited.
IDERMAR METEO
First IDERMAR METEO buoy
Mooring line setup comparison
107
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IDERMAR METEO
First IDERMAR METEO buoy
Numerical model calibration:
Hs=12.59m; Tp=14.94s
Conclusions:
A meteorological floating mast has been developed thanks
to laboratory test and prototype examples.
Several laboratory test has been conducted at IH Cantabria
and Marin facilities.
SESAM numerical model (DNV software) has been
calibrated and validate with laboratory data and field data
IDERMAR and IH Cantabria thanks to two prototypes
deployed has gathered experience in:
Construction
Deployment
Maintenance
Management and meteorological data mining.
108
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Future works
Deployment of IDERMAR METEO first buoy.
Analyze winter 2011 field data recorded by the three
prototypes.
Continue with numerical methods validation with field data.
Finish certification procedure with Garrad-Hassan.
109
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110
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
High reliability solutions and innovative concepts for offshore wind turbines
IEA R&D WIND TASK XI: Topical Expert Meeting #63
SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway
21-22 September 2010
www.irec.cat
PRINCIPLES
Mission
Contribute to the sustainable development of society and
enhance corporate competitiveness via:
Innovation and development of new technological
products;
Medium and long-term research; and
Development of scientific and technological know-how
in the field of energy.
Vision
Become a center of excellence and an international
benchmark organization in the established technological
fields of action through Research, Technology
Development and Innovation (R+TD+i), working in
coordination with the Administration, the Industry and
Universities.
111
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
GOVERNING BODY
IREC is governed by a Board composed of:
Catalan Ministry of Economy and Finance
Catalan Ministry of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CIEMAT)
Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce (IDAE)
University of Barcelona UB
Technical University of Catalonia UPC
Rovira I Virgili University in Tarragona URV
ENDESA
GAS NATURAL FENOSA
AGBAR
Fundacin REPSOL
ENAGS
Compaa Logstica de Hidrocarburos CLH
ALSTOM Wind
ORIENTATION
112
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Electricity
Grids
CO2 Capture,
Storage and
Applications
Bioenergy
Offshore
Wind
Energy
113
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
114
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
The installation of wind farms on land is conditioned by their visual impact on the
landscape.
The logical next step is to install them offshore, far enough from the coast to avoid
causing such impact (25 km).
At that distance, the majority of possible sites have a depth greater than 50 m. This
means that the wind turbines cannot rest on the seafloor, but require a technical
solution based on floating platforms.
Such deep-water offshore locations require the development of new, highly complex
technological solutions that need to be modeled and tested exhaustively before they
can be marketed.
The business opportunity is estimated at 40,000 MW, which would amount to 100,000
million , to be installed by 2020.
10
115
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
11
ZFIR: LOCATION
ZFIR Test Station
Planned location: off the coast of Tarragona.
Availability of good wind resources, proximity to the port of Tarragona and
electricity grid connections.
12
116
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
PHASE 2
Depth:
40 m
100 m
3 km
20 km
20 MW
50 MW
Anchored
Floating
alpha ventus
statoil hywind
13
14
117
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Sediment transport
Seabed geology
EM emissions
Etc
alpha ventus
statoil hywind
15
alpha ventus
statoil hywind
16
118
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
ZFIR: CALENDAR
Once operating, the Test Station will fund itself through resources from the sale of energy, for
which it will receive a percentage, and charges for services to third parties.
Year
STAGE I
4 shallow-water sites
alpha ventus
statoil hywind
17
ZFIR: CONCLUSIONS
The International Test Station for Offshore Wind Turbines is a
unique project, with great international impact, that covers an
urgent requirement of the Industry in order to increase in the new
and complex offshore wind energy market.
The wind turbine and infrastructure technologies require a great
improvement in order to make feasible this new market, by means of
technological developments and costs reduction. Solutions must
be verified in order to make the projects bankable.
To make feasible the offshore wind technology is required an
ambitious long term R&D program, involving manufacturers,
investors, research centers, certification bodies and governments.
This is a great and unique opportunity.
statoil hywind
18
119
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Sponsors:
Financed by:
120
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Chuichi ARAKAWA
The University of Tokyo
Japan Wind Energy Association
From J-POWER
121
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
1989
1995
1997
1999
2003
2009
122
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
How Unusual?
123
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NEW MW
MW--class Machines
Offshore
MiddelgrundenCopenhagen / 2MW x 20
124
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Semi--Offshore
Semi
125
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
May 2010
55,000
45,000
Off-shore
Floating
Off-shore
(Founding)
50,000
40,000
50GW
in 2050
On-shore Installed
35,000
30,000
11.1GW
in 2020
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Fiscal
Year
Advanced technology is
proposed such as sailing system.
JAMSTEC
http://www.deepscience.miraikan.jst.go.jp/special/new/guide_
01_02.php
12
126
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Advanced Technology
New materials for blade : carbon
More efficient blade : two-blade
systems
Drive train : direct drive, superconductivity motor
Offshore : jacket, maintenancefree like
Floating offshore
Prof.H.Suzuki in UT
Prof.T.Ishihara in UT
127
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Superconductivity
Very high magnetic fields (10 T) without joule heating
One of the key technologies to solve the problem in
size and weight
More efficient, lightweight and compact
Higher-output and direct-drive synchronous generator
16
128
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
~ 3.6 m
Coil dimensions
1.8 m 0.8 m
(racetrack coil)
Cross section
0.18 m 0.18 m
1 108 A/m2
Current density
12
2.5
2.0
1.5
4.32 m, 3.84 m
1.0
1.6 ~ 2 A/mm2
Current density
0.5
0.0
Rotational speed
-0.5
10 rpm
-1.0
Output
-1.5
10.3 MVA
-2.0
-2.5
0
10
15
20
25
~ 10 T
30
Angle (degree)
17
High-temperature Superconducting
(HTS) tapes and magnets
First-generation Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) tapes
Long-length ( 1.5 km) tapes available, currently lowest-cost HTS tape
Sumitomo Electric Ind. (Japan) is unrivaled
129
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Be Ambitious,
Wind Power in Japan !
130
10
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
131
11
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
132
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Tomoaki Utsunomiya
Kyoto Univ., Japan
Background
Bottom-fixed type Offshore Wind Turbine
Foundation type and Water depth constructed
Monopile Foundation
Gravity-type Foundation
Jacket-type Foundation
25m
9m
45m
30m
30m
100m
133
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
EEZ as
6th in the
world
134
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
135
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Down-wind turbine
Tilt angle
-8
No wind
Wind
Down-wind turbine
Wind
Wind
Stability in Yaw is
good because of the
Weather Vane effect.
136
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Measured Items
Incident wave height (Capacity-type wave gauge)
Motion of floating body (maker tracking using Video)
Wave gauge
Damping
zone
Wave
generator
137
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
SPAR Models3types
chain
SPAR Models
138
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Period (s)
3.0, 6.0
Wind conditions
Hs (m)
Ts (s)
At rated wind
(U10=13m/s)
3.9
7.4
At cut-out wind
(U10=25m/s)
7.1
9.8
At storm wind
(U10=50m/s)
12.0
13.4
Experiment(WH3.0)
Experiment(WH3.0)
Experiment(WH6.0)
1.5
1.5
Potential Theory
Surge RAO
Surge RAO
Experiment(WH6.0)
Morison_Airy(WH3.0)
Morison_Airy(WH6.0)
Morison_Airy(WH3.0)
Morison_Airy(WH6.0)
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
1.5
T(s)
2.5
0.5
1.5
T(s)
2.5
139
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Experiment(WH3.0)
Experiment(WH6.0)
Morison_Airy(WH3.0)
1.5
Heave RAO
4
Heave RAO
Experiment(WH3.0)
Experiment(WH6.0)
Morison_Airy(WH3.0)
Morison_Airy(WH6.0)
Potential Theory
Morison_Airy(WH6.0)
1
2
0.5
1
0
0.5
1.5
T(s)
2.5
0.5
1.5
T(s)
2.5
Experiment(WH3.0)
Experiment(WH6.0)
1.5
Pitch RAO (deg/cm)
1.5
Pitch RAO (deg/cm)
Experiment(WH3.0)
Experiment(WH6.0)
Morison_Airy(WH3.0)
Morison_Airy(WH6.0)
Potential Theory
0.5
Morison_Airy(WH3.0)
Morison_Airy(WH6.0)
0.5
0.5
1.5
T(s)
2.5
0.5
1.5
T(s)
2.5
140
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
141
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Significant Values
Response
(in Prototype Scale)
Simple
SPAR ( at
C.G.)
Simple
SPAR
(upper)
Steppedtype SPAR
(upper)
Surge
(m)
At rated
At cut-out
At storm
1.07
1.99
4.85
1.30
2.26
5.68
1.17
2.48
6.62
Heave
(m)
At rated
At cut-out
At storm
0.33
2.61
6.37
0.27
2.43
6.14
0.41
0.83
1.50
Pitch
(deg.)
At rated
At cut-out
At storm
1.83
9.69
16.46
1.68
7.29
11.76
0.96
1.92
4.22
142
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TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Surge
6
4
Experiment
nonlinear
6
4
Displacement(deg)
Displacement(cm)
Experiment
nonlinear
0
-2
-4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
150
160
170
180
190
200
-6
t(s)
-8
150
160
170
180
190
200
t(s)
Heave
3
Experiment
nonlinear
Displacement(cm)
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
150
160
170
180
190
200
t(s)
Measument items:
Incident wave (wave guage)
Motion of the floating body (marker tracking by video)
143
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TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Prototype configurations
Wind turbinedown-wind 2MW
Main hull
Lower partballast concrete
Middle part: Precast concrete
Upper part and towersteel
55m
Draught
60m
3.83m
Displacement
3,339m3
27.9s (est.)
28.9s (est.)
Experimental model
1/22.5 scale of the prototype
Steady horizontal force applied/not
Hub height
2.465m
Draught
2.667m
Water depth
5m
Initial tension in
mooring
9.8N
Spring constant
21.0N/m
for a mooring line
Steady horizontal 29.4N
force
144
12
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Significant
Significant
Motion
wave height (m) wave period (s) suppression device
1.125
9.5
Not installed
1.125
11.9
Not installed
2.25
9.5
Installed / not
2.25
11.9
Installed / not
145
13
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Free-decay tests
SURGE
HEAVE
PITCH
Mode
Exp
Sim
Exp/Sim
Surge
111.5s
113.5s
0.98
Heave
27.5s
27.5s
1.00
Pitch
25.0s
25.6s
0.98
Yaw
23.3s
24.3s
0.96
H=4.5m,
T=9.5s
T20A10.wmv
146
14
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
RAO in Surge
RAO in Heave
147
15
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
RAO in Pitch
H1/3=2.25m,
T1/3=11.9s
TS25HS10.wmv
148
16
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
H1/3=2.25m, T1/3=9.5s
H1/3=2.25m, T1/3=11.9s
H1/3=2.25m, T1/3=9.5s
H1/3=2.25m, T1/3=11.9s
149
17
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
H1/3=2.25m, T1/3=11.9s
H1/3=2.25m, T1/3=9.5s
Experiment Simulation
Exp./Sim.
Surge
(m)
T1/3=9.5s
T1/3=11.9s
0.686
1.117
0.786
1.190
0.87
0.94
Heave
(m)
T1/3=9.5s
T1/3=11.9s
0.524
0.571
0.434
0.573
1.21
1.00
Pitch
(deg.)
T1/3=9.5s
T1/3=11.9s
1.051
1.590
1.288
1.554
0.82
1.02
150
18
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Kyoto University
Sasebo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.
Toda Corporation
Nippon Hume Corporation
151
19
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Experimental Model
Wind turbine
Upper tower
Tower
5.5m
Upper SPAR
(steel)
Middle SPAR
(steel)
Composite joint
element
7m
Lower SPAR
(PC)
Concrete
ballast
Dry towing
Install position
152
20
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
153
21
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
20090827095957.mpg
154
22
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
20090831150456.mpg
155
23
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Roll
Time-series
Wave dominant
156
24
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
1
Fwind CT D 2 U uhub U uhub
8
Wave inputs
157
25
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Pitch response
158
26
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Significant Values
Experiment Simulation
Sim./Exp.
Roll (deg)
1.91
2.65
1.39
Pitch (deg)
2.29
2.30
1.00
2.41
1.09
0.45
Tension (N)
19.1
18.6
0.97
159
27
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
.wmv
160
28
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
161
29
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
162
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Contents
1. Overview
2. Simulation Model
3. Simulation Conditions
4. Simulation Results
5. Conclusions
163
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
1. Overview
- Energy potential of deep ocean is huge.
- Spar-type floating turbines are promising in cost and safety aspects, whereas
challenging in dynamics and control.
- Dynamic characteristics of wind turbine are not uniform to rotor direction.
Influences of wave to wind misalignment were analyzed.
60m60m-900m
15331533-GW
SparSpar-type
Onshore:169GW Offshore:94GW
Floating:519GW
in Japan, JWPA
2. Simulation Model
Wind Turbine
Rotor Pos.
Downwind
Rotor Dia.
69.7m
No. of Blades
3
Coning Angle
5deg
Tilt Angle
-8deg
Tower Height
82m
Ref. Speed
20.5r/min
Rated Power
1.5MW
Spar Float
Sway
Pitch
Wind
Wave
WL
d2
h2
4.6m
7.6m
12.0m
68.0m
80.0m
33,006kN
60.24m
100m
8
12.0m
1.414kN/m
200kN
d1
CG
h1
Roll
lF
Yaw
lG
Surge
hD
Heave
164
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
3. Simulation Conditions
H1/ 3[m]
6
4
2
0
10
10
15
20
25
30
15
20
25
30
12
10
T1/ 3[s]
Wind
- Turbulence intensity: IEC-C
- Turbulence spectrum: Kaimal
- Av. wind speed: 525m/s, each 2m/s
- Av. wind direction: 0deg
- Av. wind shear exponent: 0.14
- Annual av. wind speed: 8.5m/s(Rayleigh dist.)
8
6
4
2
0
Wind Speed[m/ s]
Wave
- Sig. wave height and wave period: H1/3, T1/3
- Wave spectrum: Bretschneider-Mitsuyasu
- Wave to wind misalignment: -90+90deg
- 30
- 60
60
1.2
0.6
- 90
Simulation
- FAST + Modified Morison
n
- Sim. duration: 600s
G I ( e ) = k n cos ( e )...
G ( ) = 0...else
I e
30
90
Distribution[1/ rad]
n=0
n=1
n=2
n=4
n=8
- 30
30
- 60
0.6
- 90
60
0.3
90
4. Simulation Results
165
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
25
Roll[deg]
20
15
10
5
100
200
300
400
500
Pitch[deg]
0
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
600
D90V17
D00V17
100
200
300
400
500
D90V17
600
D00V17
20
10
0
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
600
5
0
-5
600
30
10
20
15
0
-5
600
25
20
Yaw[deg]
Blade Pitch
[deg]
Rot or Speed
[r/ min]
Wind Speed
[m/ s]
10
0
- 10
- 20
600
Time[s]
Time[s]
Float Motion(17m/s)
- 90
- 60
- 30
+- 0
+30
+60
+90
2
0
-2
-4
10
15
Wind Speed[m/ s]
20
25
30
- 30
30
- 60
25m/ s
19m/ s
13m/ s
7m/ s
60
- 90
90
Roll
Roll SD[m]
20
- 90
- 60
- 30
+- 0
+30
+60
+90
8
6
4
2
0
10
15
Wind Speed[m/ s]
20
25
Yaw AVSD[deg]
Pitch AV SD[deg]
10
0
- 10
- 20
30
- 90
- 60
- 30
+- 0
+30
+60
+90
10
10
- 30
4
- 90
- 30
25m/ s
19m/ s
13m/ s
7m/ s
60
Pit ch SD[deg]
25
90
Pitch
30
- 60
16
0
20
30
30
- 60
15
Wind Speed[m/ s]
- 90
25m/ s
19m/ s
13m/ s
7m/ s
60
Yaw SD[deg]
90
Yaw
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TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
D90
D00
Roll[deg]
Roll[deg]
D90
D00
-1
-1
-2
-2
-3
-3
- 25
10
- 20
- 15
- 10
-5
10
15
20
25
Yaw[deg]
Pitch[deg]
10
n L m
i
i
DEL =
N eq
0
- 30
Uniform
Distribution
MXT0
MYT0
30
- 60
60
400
200
- 90
90
DEL[kNm]
Norm. DEL[- ]
DEL
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
DEL/Damage D Calculation
10
167
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
11
5. Conclusion
- Followings were shown through simulations of spar-type floating turbine,
considering wave to wind misalignment.
- Roll motion, which tend to increase as wave to wind misalignment increased,
was shown to amplify roll-yaw coupled motion.
- Fatigue load of tower base bending is influenced by wave to wind
misalignment and its distribution.
12
END
168
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Madjid Karimirad
Torgeir Moan
21-22 September 2010
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Centre
for Ships
Ocean
Structures
Centre
for Ships
and and
Ocean
Structures
Author CeSOS
Madjid Karimirad:
born 1982, has completed his B.Sc. and M.Sc.
at the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sharif University of Technology in Tehran-IRAN.
In 2007, he joined the Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
(CeSOS)
at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
in Trondheim-NORWAY.
He is carrying out his Ph.D.
under supervision of Professor Torgeir Moan.
His Ph.D. research is related to stochastic dynamic response analysis
of offshore wind turbines.
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
169
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Outline:
Spar wind turbine
Catenary moored spar (CMS)
Tension leg spar (TLS)
Challenge
Modeling
Case Studies
Hydrodynamic code-to-code comparison
Dynamic response analysis
motion responses
structural responses
electrical power
Stochastic analysis
ULS
Statistical characteristics
Negative damping
Rotor configuration
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
170
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www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
171
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Challenge
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine is
an Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic
Multi-Body System
The coupling is inevitable in such structures as the Aerodynamic and
Hydrodynamic damping and excitation forces are highly affected by
each other through the relative motions.
Influencing
Power Production
Control
Motion responses
Structural dynamic response
FLS and ULS
Extreme value analysis, harsh conditions
Risk analysis
Fault conditions; etc.
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
Modeling
HAWC2, Simo-Riflex (DeepC), USFOS
PhD fellow
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
172
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
10
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
173
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
11
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
12
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
174
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
13
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
14
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
175
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
15
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
16
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
176
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
17
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
18
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
177
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
19
www.cesos.ntnu.no
www.cesos.ntnu.no
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
20
Madjid
andKarimirad-21.09.2010
Ocean Structures
Author Centre for Ships
178
10
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
IEA
Innovative Wind Turbine
Concepts for Offshore
Wind Turbines
Peter Jamieson
University of Strathclyde
Glasgow, UK
Logic of Innovation
Function to address design specification requirements
and improve technology
NOT purely as entertainment for bored engineers!
A number of innovative systems will be presented - all
related to wind turbine technology in the offshore
context
No time for details focus on why each may or may not
make sense
179
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Innovative Concepts
Rotor concepts
Drive train concepts
System concept
Rotor Concepts
1. VAWT
2. 2 Blades
3. Coned rotor
180
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
VAWT Design
1. Key issues and old problems
2. New solutions?
181
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
2.
3.
4.
182
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
0.45
0.40
0.35
Cp
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
10
Power performance
350
VAWT 19m
power [kW]
300
Power
250
k
W
289
Tip Speed
51.84
Diameter
19.2
m/s
m
5.4
rad
/s
53.5
kN
m
200
Shaft Speed
150
Torque
100
50
0
0
10
15
20
25
Power
289
kW
Tip Speed
75.0
m/s
Diameter
30.3
rad/
s
58.4
kN
m
Shaft Speed
Torque
183
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
2 Bladed rotors
12
184
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
0.55
20
0.54
18
0.53
16
Cp max
0.52
14
0.51
Cp
12
0.50
10
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.45
0
1
10
100
1000
blade number
2 Bladed rotors
1. Optimum 2 bladed rotor for tsr of 11 has similar chord
to 3 bladed optimised for tsr of 9 but the blades are
more highly loaded
2. 2 blades suited to low power density designs ~ 200
W/m2
3. Some advantages in rotor assembly options
4. A few % COE at stake
5. Reasonable but not radical no step change!
14
185
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Coned rotor
1. Concept
2. Logic for
offshore
15
Coned Rotor
1. Diameter open about 25% greater than conventional
equivalent
2. Key design loads are restrained to within the levels of
smaller conventional rotor by action of free and
regulated coning but much greater energy capture is
achieved
3. Major project in 1990s on system dynamics and
control followed later by PhD work on coning
aerodynamics and control issues
16
186
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
5.0
2.5
4.0
2.0
3.0
1.5
2.0
1.0
Energy
Relative COE
Relative Cost
1.0
0.0
relative COE
0.5
0.0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
187
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
19
4500
4000
Baseline
3500
High Speed
High Speed Soft
3000
2500
2000
40
41
42
43
44
45
time [s]
20
188
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
90%
Extreme in-plane
80%
Fatigue out-of-plane
Fatigue in-plane
load ratio
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
75%
90%
standard speed
high speed
0.15
0.10
0.05
ub
C
on
t
ro
M
l
ai
Br nfr
am
ak
e
es
y
N
ac stem
el
le
co
ve
R
r
ot
or
lo
ck
ar
ia
bl
e
Bl
ad
es
G
ea
r
b
sp
ox
ee
d
dr
iv
e
Pi
tc
G
h
en
er
a
Y
t
or
aw
sy
st
em
El
ec
tr
i
H
yd cs
M rau
lic
ai
n
be s
ar
in
g
0.00
0.20
22
189
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
23
24
190
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Magnetic Transmission
25
26
191
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Superconducting
27
Hydraulic Transmission
192
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Hydraulic Concept
1. Efficiency critical and well addressed with new
optimised valve technology
2. High power density ~ 6 tonne system at 1.5 MW
3. Note however, do not cost effectively get motor and
generator at base level because high pressure down
pipes too massive and expensive
29
30
193
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Multi-Rotor Systems
Work with scaling rules dont fight them!
D 2 = nd 2
M = kD3
m = kd 3
d
R = n
D
R=
nm
1
=
M
n
194
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
15
10
Vestas V 120
5
newest technologies
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
33
34
195
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
NOT as Lagerwey
Structure + rotors and nacelles of the multirotor system is lighter than the rotor alone of
the 20 MW turbine!
The multi-rotor system is generally similarly or
less highly loaded
Therefore the multi-rotor system can be
supported by the same tower and yaw
bearing as the equivalent single rotor system no basic cost/feasibility issue
However, more innovative support structure
and bearing systems may be optimum
35
36
196
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Maintenance
37
Reliability
Much higher part count in the multi-rotor system but
usually only 1/nth of capacity at risk from a single fault
More electrical connections but similar benefits in fault
exposure
Standard components of fixed size maintaining the
wind turbine technology demands within proven
capability and allowing the technology to be perfected
improving quality and reliability (and also much cost
reduced)
38
197
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
40
198
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Summary
A variety of innovative systems presented with focus
on what they can achieve in the offshore context
Generally much more evaluation needed but in each
case some clear indication of limitations or promise
Not discussed are some popular ideas about
simpler offshore technology great care needed
some systems look simple because half of the design
problems are not addressed
No new technology yet totally radical ~ 30% +
reduction in COE can be envisaged
41
42
199
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
200
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
201
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
our solution
202
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
february 2010
Sintef MARINTEK
1:45 scale
verification of
numerical models
203
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
204
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
ballast operation
five loading conditions
20 85 degrees trim
experimental and calculated
results compare well
forces in seafastning
determined and verified
verify assumptions
convince industry
investigate possibilities
document limitations
205
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
organization
Prof. Torgeir Moan(project manager, center
of offshore wind NTNU)
- Torbjrn Mannsker
(MSc Marine Technology, NTNU + Berkeley)
advisory board
Part time:
- Eirik Hogner
(MSc School of
Entrepreneurship + Electronics, NTNU)
206
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
www.windflip.com
post@windflip.com
207
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
potential partners
Ship owner
Offshore service
EPCI- contractors
Shipyard/turbine assembly
Potential partners
Eidesvik Offshore
Farstad Shipping
Solstad Offshore
Acergy
Subsea 7
Reinertsen
Aker Solutions
Technip
Aker Vrdal
STX
Bergen Group
Characteristics
Owner of AHTS
Offshore
installation
experience
Engineering,
Procurement,
Construction and
installation
Construction
Limitations
Little operational
experience
Specific solution
provider
Incentives
Increase utilization
of existing fleet
Deliver a cost-effective
total solution
208
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
209
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
210
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
211
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
212
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
213
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
214
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215
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
216
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
217
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
218
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
219
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
220
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
221
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
222
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
223
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
224
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
225
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
226
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
227
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
228
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
229
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
230
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
231
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
232
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
233
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
234
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
ETS
Targets
l
na cy
er o li
t
Ex g y P
er
En
t
en
m
p
lo y
ve olic
e
D
P
G
Cap lobal
&T
rad
e
S ta
te A
id
Internal
Market
Technology
Co
mp
et i
tio
n
SETSET-Plan
235
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
236
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
Marine Renewables
Many marine renewable projects already
supported in previous FPs, both for wind and
ocean energies.
MARINA Platform
Multipurpose floating platform
Potential combination wind-ocean energy
Coordinator : Acciona Energia S.A.
MArine Renewable INtegrated Application
Platform
Collaborative Project. 7th Framework Programme
Grant agreement number: 241402
54 months January 2010 to June 2014
17 partners from 12 different countries
Total budget: 12.761.220
Max. EC contribution: 8.708.660
Website: www.marina-platform.info
237
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
ORECCA
Coordinated Action
Knowledge sharing on offshore renewable energy
conversion platforms
Coordinator : Fraunhofer - IWES
Off-shore Renewable Energy Conversion
platforms
Grant agreement number: 241421
18 months March 2010 to August 2011
28 partners from 11 different countries
Total budget: 1,797,870
Max. EC contribution: 1,599,032
Website: www.orecca.eu
New project
Start: 1st October 2010
DEEPWIND
238
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
New Project
Start 1st October 2010
HAWE
New Project
Start: 1st November 2010
HiPRWind
239
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
OCEAN-2011
Topic 1: Multi-use Offshore
Platforms
Combination wind-ocean energy with
Transport & Aquaculture
Collaborative Project
Max EU contribution: EUR 14 000 000
(EUR 4 000 000 from Energy)
Up to three projects may be funded.
OCEAN-2011
Topic 4: Knowledge-base... with
assessment of wind energy potential
in the Mediterranean and the Black
Sea
SICA Collaborative Project
Max EU contribution: EUR 9 000 000
(EUR 1 000 000 from Energy)
Up to one project may be funded.
240
TEM 63 "High Reliability Solutions and Innovative Concepts for Offshore Wind Turbines"
ENERGY-2011
One ERA-NET Topic on OCEAN ENERGY
Supporting the coordination of national
research activities of Member States and
Associated States in the field of OCEAN
energy
Aiming at the development and
implementation of joint programming and
opening of calls
More information
about
ENERGY Research at
the European Commission
http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/index_en.cfm
241
a) Participants
A total of 30 persons registered for this meeting. They represented the following countries: Denmark,
Finland, Germany, Greece, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Spain, UK, USA and the EU. An observer from France
was invited to attend the meeting. The participants represented a great variety of stakeholders related to the
topic: research organizations, universities and consultants. 18 presentations were given:
1. John O. Tande SINTEF
2. Jason Jonkman, National Renewable Energy Laboratoy (NREL), USA
3. Jan Dubois, Leibniz Univ. of Hannover, Germany
4. Amy Robertson. National Wind Technology Center, NREL, USA
5. Ral Rodrguez Arias. Fundacin Centro Tecnolgico de Componentes. Santander .Spain
6. Tor Anders Nygaard, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Kjeller, Norway
7. Anand Natarajan. Ris DTU. Denmark
8. Ral Guanche Garca. IH Cantabria. Spain
9. Rajai Aghabi Rivas. IREC. Spain
10. . Chuichi Arakawa. Kyoto University, Japan
11. Tomoaki Utsunomiya, Civil and Earth Resources EngineeringDep, Kyoto Univ. Japan
12. Yoshida Shigeo. Fuji Heavy Industries. Japan
13. Madjid Karimirad.Torgeir Moan. NTNU.Norway
14. Peter Jamieson. Univ Stratchclyde UK
15. Torbjrn Mannsker. Marintek. Norway
16. Michael Muskulus, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering (BAT), NTNU,
Trondheim, Norway
17. Petter Andreas Berthelsen, Marintec. Norway.
18. Thierry Langlois dEstaintot. New and Renewable Energy Sources. Directorate-General
Research. European Commission
First presentation, from John O. Tande, was an introduction summarising the present situation of the wind
offshore technology, and identifying new promising options for future developments.
Presentation 16, from Petter Andreas Berthelsen, presented the Marine Technology Laboratories of
MARINTEK that were visited the last day of the meeting.
Presentation 17, from Thierry Langlois dEstaintot, principal research programme officer of the New and
Renewable Energy Sources Dept of the Directorate-General Research. European Commission, presented a
summary of the European research programs related to the development of offshre wind technology.
b) Discussion
Following the two days of presentations, the floor was opened and a general discussion took place with the
main target of reach conclusions derived from the presentation trying to identify priorities for new R&D
activities, including specific actions to improve the present state of the art of this topic. A number of different
points were handled.
In particular, the following topics were discussed, in order to decide which the main priorities are:
Scaling process for models. Sharing of data from model scale test
Scaling process for models. Sharing of data from model scale test
The attendees expressed also their interest to have access to the available data of scale models tested, that
could be very useful for ongoing research projects.
It was expressed the necessity to perform different experiments for different technologies
The continuation of interchange of information between the participants was proposed for some of the
participants. NREL offered to host a new TEM next year in parallel with one of the workshops of Task 30:
Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation(OC4).
The majority of the participants decided that it is required more development before propose a specific task
covering the priorities selected.
The purpose is to gain insight into the benefits and drawbacks of a set of modeling assumptions for a wide
range of applications. Much of this new task will involve benchmarking models of wakes against other
models and verifications using good quality measured data.
First Name
Aghabi Rivas
Anaya-Lara
Arakawa
Azcona
Berthelsey
Christofer
D'Estaintot
Dubois
Guanche
Heinonen
Hillmann
Jamieson
Jonkman
Kahloul
Leithead
Madjid
Matha
Moritz
Natarajan
Nyaard
Robertson
Rodriguez Arias
Sieros
Tande
E-mail
raghabi@irec.cat
olimpo.anaya-lara@eee.strath.ac.uk
arakawa@mech.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
jazcona@cener.com
p.a.berthelsen@marintek.sintef.no
Thierry.d'Estaintot@ec.europa.eu
dubois@stahl.uni-hannover.de
guancher@unican.es
Jaakoo.Heinonen@vtt.fi
Claudio.Hillmann@iwes.fraunhofer.de
peter.jamieson@eee.strath.ac.uk
jason.jonkman@nrel.gov
Soraya.kahloul@edf.fr
w.leithead@eee.strath.ac.uk
madjid.karimirad@ntnu.no
bertil.moritz@hmpower .se
anat@risoe.dtu.dk
Tor.Anders.Nygaard@ife.no
amy.robertson@nrel.gov
rrodriguez@ctcomponentes.com
gsieros@cres.gr
John.O.Tande@sintef.no