CHM 111

Chapter 1 - Study Guide and Practice questions

Be sure to know and can explain the Key Terms at the end of Chapter 1
1.1 1.2
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Define atoms, molecules and chemistry.

Define and distinguish between a hypothesis, theory and scientific law
State and understand the law of conservation of mass and Daltons atomic theory.
a. Dalton's Atomic Theory: 1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 2)
All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. 3) Compounds are formed by a
combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. 4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of
atoms.
1.

A consistent explanation of known observations is called

A) an experiment.
B) a hypothesis.
C) a prediction.
D) a theory.

1.3 1.4
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VII-

Define matter, states of matter, gases , liquids, solids

Know the properties that differentiate the states of matter.
Define and understand the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids.
a. Crystalline: Solids have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern salt, diamonds, sugar.
b. Amorphous: Solids have their particles randomly distributed without any long range pattern plastic,
glass, charcoal.
Be able to define and differentiate between, mixture, pure substance, elements, compounds,
heterogeneous, homogeneous
a. Mixture: Matter whose composition may vary from one sample to another.
i. Heterogeneous: Mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized
regions with different properties. Different samples from the mixture are not identical to each
other. (Wet sand, can be separated through simple mechanical means.)
ii. Homogeneous: Mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are
uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. The composition of the mixture is the same
throughout.
b.
i. There is only one phase of matter observed in a homogeneous mixture.

1- Give three examples of substances that form amorphous solids, and three examples for crystalline solids.
2- What kind of properties a crystalline solid has? How are they different from an amorphous solid?
3- Choose the homogeneous mixture(s) from the list below.
A) Kool-aid
D) Salad dressing
F) New copper penny
B) Mud
E) Salsa
G) The Mountain air
C) Ice water
4- A substance that can't be chemically broken down into simpler substances is considered to be..
5- Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is constant throughout are
considered.
6- Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is variable throughout are
considered..
1.4 1.5
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Define and understand the difference between Physical and Chemical properties and Physical and
Chemical Changes and be able to provide examples
Be able to identify properties as intensive or extensive and classify.

1- Classify as physical and chemical change:

a. Sugar is dissolved in water.
b. Dry ice sublimes.
c. Copper and zinc are melted and solidify into a copper penny.
d. Copper building materials develop a green patina over time.
e. A match burns.
f. Ethanol evaporates after spilling
g. An egg solidifies during cooking
h. A hydrogen balloon explodes when contacted with a flame
2- Which of the following underlined items are intensive properties?
A) A chemical reaction requires 3.00 g of oxygen.
C) The density of helium at 25 C is 1.64 x 10-4 g/cm3 .
B) Solid copper hydroxide is blue colored.
D) The melting point of aluminum metal is 933 K.
3- Which of the following underlined items are extensive properties?
A) the color of a cobalt compound
B) the diameter of a soap bubble

C) the mass of a diamond

D) the volume of a glucose solution

1.6 1.7
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Define metric, English and international systems of measurements

Know the SI base units for length , mass time, temperature
Calculate conversions between each scale
Know the prefixes that defines powers of ten in scientific notation
Know and calculate derived units of volume and density.
Determine the number of significant figures (digits) using a set of rules
Determine and predict significant figures in calculations
Given a set of data, be able to recognize whether results are acute of precise.

1 - What are the base units in SI system for mass, volume, length, temperature, density, and amount of substance?
2- Convert 33450 Kg to g, milligram, microgram, Nano gram, Pico grams and mega gram.
3- Convert 0.0003345 mg into gram and kilogram.
4- Convert 12.0 pm, 5.0*10-5 mm, 7.5* 10-11 cm to meters
Convert 456Km3 into Liter.
5- Determine the volume of an object that has a mass of 455.6 g and a density of 19.3 g/cm 3
6- A sample of lead is found to have a mass of 32.6 g. A graduated cylinder contains 2.8 mL of water. After the lead
sample is added to the cylinder the water level reads 5.7 mL. Calculate the density of the lead sample.
7- If a solution has a temperature of 355 K, what is its temperature in degrees Celsius?
In Fahrenheit?
8- Convert the following temperatures:
a. 250 Kelvin to Celsius
b. 89.5 Fahrenheit to Celsius
c. 383 Kelvin to Fahrenheit
9 - A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results:
11 g/mL, 4.81 g/mL, 4.95 g/mL, 3.75 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 4.75 g/mL, which
statement below best describes her results?
A) Her results are precise, but not accurate.
B) Her results are accurate, but not precise.
C) Her results are both precise and accurate
D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate.
E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given.
10-. How many significant figures are in the followings:
a- 408 x 104 m
b- 0.00033450
c- 0.33450
d- 33450
11- What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation?
A) (249.362 + 41) / 63.498 =
B) (7.8-0.34) / (1.15+0.82) =
C) 5.6792+0.6+4.33 / 250 =
D. (553.21 x 5.456) + 8976.4562=
E) (512 986.7) + 5.44 =
F) (3.14 x 2.4367) 2.34
G) 2.501 + 12.40 - 3.996 =
H) 25.3 x 1.0 x 2.75 =
12-Write as scientific notation with three significant figures:
0.0004084;

0.06000;

209595, 399431,

0.0001009;

13- Write in standard form with only two significant figures.

3.05x 106
5.88x 10-3

0.0055990

30.9 x 102

0.502
9. 84 x 10-4

107.2

14- Read the volume with the correct number of significant figures.

1.8
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Know and understand the process of dimensional analysis

Identify and use a conversion factor
Be able to convert between units of measurements
Calculate with and understand the use of powers and the use of equations

1 - Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures:
a 5.4 in
b- 66.31 lb
c 0.5521 gal
d-978.3 Yd3
2 - An automobile uses gasoline at a rate of 35 mi/gal, what is in km/L ?
(1 km = 0.6214 mi, 1 gal = 3.78 L).
3- If 1.4% of the mass of a human body is calcium, how many kilograms of calcium are there in a 173-pound man?
5- The volcanic explosion released an estimated 4.3 cubic miles (mi 3) of debris into the atmosphere. How many cubic
meters (m3) of debris were released?