Universal Pump Test R

OSAMAH RAHEEL
ALI HaSSAN
FAHAD ALI FAROOQ
ATIF JAMIL
ABDUL QADIR KASIRI

(2012298)
(2012047)
(2012095)
(2012079)
(2010006)

ABSTRACT
This experiment report discusses about the several types of pumps that can
be found in industry with different characteristics, performance and also
application. The concepts of energy conversion was used to compare the
performance curves of different pumps.The relationship between pressure
head, flow rate pressure head, flow rate, power consumed and efficiency for
a pump is investigated. For this experiment, we have tested only on
Centrifugal Pump to investigate its characteristics when different flow rates
are applied. The centrifugal pump is the type most widely used in the
chemical industry for transporting liquids of all types. The size and types
best suited for a particular operation can be determined by engineering of
the problem. The capacity of the pump is defined as the volume of the fluid
handled per unit time. The performance of a centrifugal pump for a particular
rotational speed of the impeller and liquid viscosity is represented by plots of
total head against capacity and power against capacity.This report consist of
the objectives of the experiment, a brief introduction,working theory of multi
pump test rig, the apparatus used to conduct this experiment and the
procedures of carrying out the experiment. The data collected are then
analyze and discussed. At the end of the report, discussion, errors, and
modifications about the experiment are explain. Finally, the conclusion of the
experiment is made.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between pressure head, flow rate, power
consumed and efficiency for a pump and to compare the performance curves
of different pumps.
THEORY
The pump is a delivery system. It rises up the head of fluid by energy
conversion. The input power usually is electrical power (Pin). The output

power is (Po) and is dependent on the pump efficiency ( )

Po
Pin

Po .g .Q.H

Where,


is fluid density (
m
g
s2
is gravity ( )
m3
Q
s
is flow rate (
)
H
is delivery head
Pin T

kg
m3

2N
T
60

PROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

A pump has been selected to be tested

The dynamometer motor torque ensured set to zero correctly
The test rig switched on
The motor speed raised to maximum : 1450rev/min
Six equi-spaced points has been selected throughout pressure reading
range, at which flow reading is taken.
Note: the actual pressure head of the pump is the difference between
the pressure gauge reading in m.H2O and the vacuum gauge reading
in m.H2O, at a particular rate of flow.
The control valve is adjusted to the first of the selected pressure gauge
readings
The rate of flow is measured using the graduated sight glass on the
volumetric tank and the stopwatch.
The torque reading at each flow rate is recorded
Steps 3-8 is repeated for two other motor speeds

DATA COLLECTION
800rp
m

Readi
ng

Pressur
e
(m.HO
)

Vacuu
m
(m.H
O)

Pump
Head
(m.HO Volum
)
e (ltr)

Tim
e
(s)
18.
2
15.
0
13.
0
13.
0
12.
9

Flow
rate
Torque
(m/s)
(N.m)
0.000274
7
0.23
0.000333
3
0.25
0.000384
6
0.25
0.000384
6
0.23
0.000387
6
0.22

Input
Power
(W)
19.268
43
20.943
95
20.943
95
19.268
43
18.430
68

Hydraul
ic
Power
(W)
0.0539
0
0.0784
8
0.0943
3
0.0962
1
0.0969
6

1.0

0.0200

1.0

0.0240

1.0

0.0250

1.0

0.0255

1.0

0.0255

Readi
ng

1200r
pm
Pressur
e
(m.HO
)

Vacuu
m
(m.H
O)

Pump
Head
(m.HO Volum
)
e (ltr)

Tim
e
(s)

Torqu
e
(N.m)

0.0280

9.8

1.8

0.0350

7.8

1.8

0.0365

7.2

1.7

0.0370

7.0

1.7

0.0380

7.0

Input
Power
(W)
41.469
02
45.238
93
46.495
57
46.495
57
46.495
57

Hydrau
lic
Power
(W)
0.1401
4
0.2201
0
0.2486
6
0.2592
6
0.2662
7

2.0

Flow rate
(m/s)
0.000510
2
0.000641
0
0.000694
4
0.000714
3
0.000714
3

0.33
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37

Efficien
cy (%)

0.2797
0.3747
0.4504
0.4993
0.5261

Efficien
cy (%)

0.3379
0.4865
0.5348
0.5576
0.5727

1500r
pm

Readi
ng

Pressur
e
(m.HO
)

Vacuu
m
(m.H
O)

Pump
Head
(m.HO Volum
)
e (ltr)

Tim
e
(s)

3.2

0.00

0.0365

7.0

2.8

0.00

0.0415

6.6

2.6

0.20

0.0435

5.2

2.6

0.25

0.0445

5.4

2.5

0.25

0.0450

5.4

Flow rate
(m/s)
0.000714
3
0.000757
6
0.000961
5
0.000925
9
0.000925
9

Torqu
e
(N.m)
0.47
0.51
0.50
0.51
0.53

Input
Power
(W)
73.827
43
80.110
61
78.539
82
80.110
61
83.252
21

RESULTS

Pump Pressure Head vs Pump Flow Rate

Hydrau
lic
Power
(W)
0.2557
6
0.3084
2
0.4103
2
0.4042
1
0.4087
5

Efficien
cy (%)

0.3464
0.3850
0.5224
0.5046
0.4910

0.0500
0.0450
0.0400
0.0350
0.0300
Pump pressure head

800 rpm
Linear (800 rpm)

0.0250

1200 rpm

0.0200

Linear (1200 rpm)

1500 rpm

0.0150

Linear (1500 rpm)

0.0100
0.0050
0.0000
0.00E+00 5.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.50E-03

Pump flow rate

Efficiency vs Flow Rate

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

800 rpm
Linear (800 rpm)

Efficiency

1200 rpm

0.3000

Linear (1200 rpm)

1500 rpm

0.2000

Linear (1500 rpm)

0.1000

0.0000
2.00E-04

4.00E-04

6.00E-04
Flow Rate

8.00E-04

1.00E-03

DISCUSSION
Objective:
The main goal of the experiment is to find the relationship between the
pressure head, flow rate, power consumed and efficiency for a pump and to
compare the performance curves of different pumps used.
According to the theory, the pump is a delivery system which increases the
head of the fluid by conversion of energy. The input of the delivery system is
electrical power (Pin) while the output of the system is (P o) which is
dependent of the pump efficiency (). There are several pumps used in the
system which is centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, gear pump and turbine
pump.

Po
P

Where Po=

gQ H p

, Pin =

T =

2 N
T
60

There are several equations used in this experiment to calculate the head
pump. Firstly is the Bernoullis equation. There were some assumptions made
so that the equation is valid. The flow is assumed to be steady, inviscid, and
incompressible. Besides that, the continuity equation is used. The fluid used
is water. The density is constant. The area of pipes is same at the inlet and
outlet. Therefore, we can consider that the velocity at one point is equal to
the other point.
Bernoulli equation:
P1 V 21
P2 V 22
+
Z
+
H
=
+ +Z
1
p
g 2 g +
g 2 g 2
Continuity equation:
m 1
m 2

1 V 1 A 1= 2 V 2 A 2
From the result, the pump head increases as the pressure decreases while
the flow rate increases as the time decreases. The input power seems to be
almost constant or very close values after the first reading while the
hydraulic power increases as the experiment continues. After calculating the
efficiency from the input power and hydraulic power, the efficiency

increases. The torque is almost constant. From the graph, we can see that
the pump head is inversely proportional to the flow rate and the efficiency is
linearly proportional to the flow rate. By interpreting the graph, the pump
head decreases as the flow rate increases, while the efficiency increases as
the flow rate increases. In conclusion, the experimental value differs from the
theoretical value because by using the equations, other factors such as the
surface roughness of the pipe are not considered.
The data calculated may differ from the theoretical value maybe due to some
errors during the experiment. Firstly is the parallax error. The eyes are not on
the right position when taking the reading of the pressure. Besides that,
human reactions also may affect the accuracy of the data. This occurs during
the reaction time taken when stopping the stop watch after the water fills the
tube to a certain level. Instrument error also may occur where the measuring
tools were not properly calibrated.
For improvement in the future, digital measurement method should be
implemented to assist in collecting data. Weekly maintenance should be
done so that there are no components that malfunction in order for the
machine to work efficiently. Variable readings should be taken so that the
data accuracy of the experiment would increase.
CONCLUSION
The objective of the experiment is to examine the relationship between the
pressure head, flow rate, power consumed and efficiency for a pump. Due to
shortage of time and unavailability of equipment, only one pump has been
covered here. The same procedure can be replicated for other types of
pumps. In conclusion, the objective of the experiment has been achieved as
the experiment was conducted and analyzed.