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(Lec Dt3 Journal Bearings
(Lec Dt3 Journal Bearings
(Lec Dt3 Journal Bearings
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
Disadvantages:
-
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 1 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
h:
v:
:
dv
dy
h
thickness of lubricant film
rotational speed of shaft
proportional factor dynamic viscosity
( acc. to DIN 1342 and 51550)
N
mm
v
h
==
Ns = 1 Pa s
m 2
Ns m
mm 2 S.m
' = ' =
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
m2
kinematic viscosity
Seite 3 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
(Slide 03): Viscosity and density of oils and lubricants depending on temperature
-
Kinematic viscosity
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
High viscosity :
Higher forces can be taken at low speeds
with high loads but high friction values
Low viscosity :
Smaller loads can be taken but higher speeds are
possible with less internal friction
t = to (1 65 105 ( t to ) )
t :
to :
Density at temperature t
Density at temperature t0 = 15 C ; t = actual temperature
(0 896 kg/m3)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 5 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
length of bearing :
l or (b)
sleeve diameter of bearing:
d1, d1 d2 d
shaft diameter:
d2 (d)
clearance
S = d1-d2
related clearance:
= S/d = (d1-d2)/d (d1-d2)/d2
minimum film thickness of lubricant film:
h0 = hmin =
S
2
d
2
h0
S/2
h0
e
S/2
= 1
2 n rad
60 sec
=
-
related eccentricity
=
-
eccentricity of bearing:
e = S/2 h0 =
F
b id
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
F: bearing force;
b: width of bearing;
d: diameter of bearing
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
C
d
bearing ratio:
l
d
or
b
d
Cast iron
Bronze, Cu alloy
Al alloy
Pb Sn alloy
Sinter material
(oil filled)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
grease lubrication
Lubrication by hand
Sliding speed u (m/s)
1
2
2
3
1
N/mm2
pressure PL
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.1
1
Seite 8 von 25
dropped oil
u
PL
3
2
2
3
3
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.3
1.8
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
a)
b)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
P = PB =
F
d b
F:
b:
d:
N
mm 2
mean pressure
m
s
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
2 n
60
s 1
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1
min
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
Nm = [W ]
s
Pf = F u
:
u:
Pf:
friction factor
sliding speed
friction power
p 2
2
S:
P:
:
d:
F:
:
S0:
b d d2
F S
bd
A lot of design data for sliding bearings are related to the Sommerfeld number S0:
The Sommerfeld number S0 can be calculated as a function of the relative
eccentricity and the width ratio = b/d of the bearing.
Calculation of Sommerfeld number
2
b
2
2
2 ( 1)
S0 =
1 + 16 1
2 +
d 2 (1 ) 2
with :
e
S/2
= 1
with =
h0
S/2
and e =
h0 =
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 13 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
(Slide 10)
Calculation acc. to DIN31652-2 ( for full bearings) ( see also slide 10a,b)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 14 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
(Slide 10a)
The Sommerfeld number S o = f ( , b / d L ) with pure rotation
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 15 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
(Slide 10b)
heavy loaded bearings big S0-numbers
low loaded bearings small S0-numbers
Practically: S0 > 1 ; only with high sliding speeds and low bearing loads S0 > 1 !
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 16 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
Some practical values for the minimum oil film thickness in the bearing homin
(Slide 11) : Experimental data for homin
The value h0 for the smallest gap in the bearing is given by 2 formulas:
For S0 > 1: h0 =
2 2 S0 1 +
For 0 < 2
S S0 1 +
1
2
2
2
For 0.5 2
These formulas give good approximation for h0
During operation of the bearing is necessary:
h0 h0min
The rotational speed nmin, which is necessary to ensure homin is given by:
nmin =
h0 min
h0
in
[1/ s ]
n ( S0 = 1) =
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
2
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
h0T
h0
S
d
d1 d 2
d1
0.8 u
u:
sliding speed
(solide 12a)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 18 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
(Slide 12b)
Any sliding bearing do have friction in the oil film in the bearing gap.
Some thumb rules for a related friction factor is:
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
3
S0
3
S0
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
(Slide 13)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
The related friction factor can also be calculated acc. to DIN 31652-2 to a formula
system: ( see slide 14)
The related friction factor / eff depending on the related excentricity and the
related bearing width B/D acc. to DIN 31652-2
= 10
Pf = F u = F
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 21 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
The total friction power generates heat in the bearing, this heat must transferred out
of the bearing partly by convection through the bearing housing and partly by the oil
flow through the bearing:
Pf = PA+PQ
PA:
PQ:
If
* = 7 + 12 Vw
Nm = W by surrounding air
s m 2K m 2K
Vw 1.25m / s
W
Max. values for * are 20
and A: surface area of bearing housing
m 2 K
(d
2
dH:
dB:
bH:
dB
) + d
bH
diameter of housing
bearing diameter
width of housing
A H bH +
H: height of pedestal
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
m3
Qc: oil flow
Pf
c (2 1 )
c:
:
2:
1:
(2-1) should be 10 20 K
For regular lubrication conditions in a oil film bearing a certain necessary oil flow is
required in the bearing:
QL h0 b
:
oil flow rate factor 1,5
min. oil film thickness
h0:
b:
bearing width
u:
sliding speed
Acc. to DIN31652 the calculation is as follows:
QL=Q1+Q2
Where:
Q1 = d 3 q1
1 b
3
b
q1 = 0.223
4 d
d
Q2 = d PE / q2
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
The related oil flow q1 due to intrinsic pressure in the gap a relation of related
eccentricity and related bearing ratio B/D acc. to DIN 31652
Where Pe is the entry oil pressure from lubrication system and for q2 see (slide 16)
With the oil flow rate the bearing temperature is controlled, if the temperature is too
high bearing conditions must be changed!!
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
Seite 24 von 25
IAM-DT-3: SS 2005
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
The related oil rate q2 depending on the series of the lubricant entries
(Slide 16)
LEC-DT3-Journal_Bearings.doc
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