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Rcss Administrative Book
Rcss Administrative Book
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Shan State National Flag
1. SISm
W ,] num,]
2.
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2. SIKaw]
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] kiU ,] sun
i :] Kaw]SE]C l: Suwi :] yUw;] "
3. law]pt
q ,] sQc,] - ma}Tciu ] kUn;] mUci ;] suci :] t}; sQt;] luk:] wn];pqt,] rL,hB."
4. kWc:]
- ma}Tciu ] Suki ;] El:
5. lqw;]
- ma}Tciu ] kUn;] mUci ;] eS tL,etkqt,] EKEh.kc]: sUwi .] sat]:wan]:mUci ;] nn].
Suki ;] El:kUn;] mUci ;] hBm:] hgm;] puci :] Aick] n]ny
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i ;] Am],yam]:pQnk] n
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mL;yU,tL,eS,' kUn;] mUci ;] t};yU,tI:mUci ;] SPL,wkt];yQnE] l: SUcy
] ,U kt];yU,yQnA
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] :U lk]. Am],l}:kUwS
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i :] mL;Aup.] pUci ,] mUci ;] t};ekL: kam],ha}.
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mUci ;] t};nc],kn]Am],PWm.] kn]sciu ] lWc:] Kun
i :] yC,] kt];yQnA
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i t
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fn]hn]Aw]kUv];yw]."
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i :] mL;mUci ;] t}; mL;yL.lU.lqwt
] ,I mUw,] Ker,SI,mUci ;] t};' mL;yL.lU.fic:] Ec:
fic:] Tuc;] kUn;] mUci ;] t};' mL;SUn;] eSL,hG:] kUn;] mUci ;] t}; Pit;] kn]' hqmk] n]' Pn];kn]' mL;yL.
lWc:] PWm.] hBm:] mUci ;] t};tqk,] ya}:' mL;yL.lWc:] yQn,] Ec:nL:yum.] AUn:] AWn,] kUn;] mUci ;] t};nn]. yQn;] pQn]
nL:Sw]:mWct
] kU ;] nm].tLyU,kU:wn];' l}:kUw] l}:Eh l}:pa}:nI' l}:Tuk,] hqmt
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hk].kn]' sW:} kn]' Put
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kUn;] KUwi ;] t}; ekL:kuci ,] lIh.B tUwk] n]yw]. epL;KUwi ;] hw];Am],hk].kn] Am],yU,tC:] hBm:] hk].KUwi ;] lQwk] n]Kn
iu ;]
n}sciu ] etAm],mUn:] SUwi ;] kt];yQnl
] :} ' Sc].lk];pun:] tL,kUn;] micU ;] t};etl}:kt];yQnK] n
iu ;] nn].
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i .] AI;AWk,] KWk:] lQk;]
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2.
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hw];yU,Sw];hLkin]pUk];pWc]PwtUw]kw],kCL, hG]:mI;tac];Kuin]:yC],kt];yQn]mUin]
pUn
i :] nC;] lum:] fL.' eP;SPL,w yL.mUci ;] hw];Am],mI; An]yL.SPL,wwan]:mUci ;] hw];
pQne] P;lUcS
] kiu ;] man]: mL;sqk,] yL.hG:] saw];KUwi ;] hw];hqmk] n]' Pit;] kn]kv
U ;]
Am],kL; yL.pL;SPL,wTUn
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2
3.
4.
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hBwp] w]:lUc]
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] n
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i :] yC,] mC,] Suc]
Kut
i ;] PQc,] pQc;] pUn
i :] nC;] lUk:] ' nC;] km],PL,nn].tun
i ;] etAm],mI;tac];eSAm],kL; sUwi .] sat]:'
wan]:mUci ;] suci :] t};hw]; tun
i ;] etsUmh] a}kLC , nC;] Ek:kac]smu ;] yip;] km]AL,nL, An]Am],JtL;nn].
Am],hac]. yum,] ym]nc],n}"
2. kQw,] kp];lUv:] kan]pa};mUci ;] nC;] km],PL,El:Sc] nC;] AL,SZL.El:Sc] nC;] mUci ;] man]:' mUci ;] t};hw];
El:Sc] lqk:] la}:mL;nc],huwi e] kL:yw]. muk.] sum;] KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t};hw]; etSupi ,] hQt;] Sac]:
kan]can]; tL,pUt;] pW,} sUwi .] sat]: wan]:mUci ;] suci :] t}; etL,epL;Tuci t
] :I AQn;] An];nn].yU,yw]."
3. tWn:] tL,Kw]:pL;sW:} Tqm] kan]n;]C muk.] sum;] kCL,nn]. yic;] /sa};Am],lUki :] sUwi .] KUwi ;] Am],lUki :]
PL,SL,Am],lUki :] epL;wL:hp].Kam],hn]ln
I wiU ] eKL:yum,] ym]El: epL,lSI, (6) eKL:suci ]
muk.] sum;] KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t}; ethp].Kam],Aw]Kw]:hQt;] Sac]:kan] nC;] muk.] sum;] yU,yw]."
4. tWn;] tL,pUt;] pW,} Aw]swiU .] sat]: saw];KUwi ;] wan]:mUci ;] suci :] t}; hG:] epL;mI;AL,nL, pUk;] pWcl
] :} nn].
muk.] sum;] KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t};hw]; tun
i ;] yum,] ym]Aw] epL,lSI, (6) eKL:An]tm];wac];
w}.n}.kUv];yU,yw]."
5. muk.] sum;] KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t};n}. hp].Kam],yum],ym]Aw] nm].sCh] mB :] hgm;] pQny
] ,]C El:
Aw]la};hBm:] hgm;] kn]An
W h] wB n
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] :I yUci ;] Aan];nn].yU,yw]."
2. wan]:mUci ;] "
3. PL,SL,"
4. SL,SnL,"
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k.
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K.
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U ;] mI; 7% yU,sWm;] Sn]lk}W m]:nm]nc],kw],"
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S.
saw];KUwi ;] Kac] yU,mUci ;] t};pWt;] hgc,] yU,sWm;] Sn]ln
}W ciu :] Ait;] nuci :] AI:eS hQt;] kinh] :}
km]:nm]"
pac]kmu m] k];mn]:ekL,tc]: KWn,] krqt.] suci :] t}; (sUw:] Kaw];) tI:cw]:suci :] lWt
} ;} lqc;]
Shan State Congress ( temporary) was formed at the conference held in
Loi Tai Leng
v.
t.
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saw];KUwi ;] Aac];SL; (t};nWc)] yU,nC;] nWch] a};yL: (Aac];el;) hQt;] nL; hQt;] SUn]
Pk];kat], emLtin] emLmuwi ;] etL;PL:etL;Pqn,] hQt;] PL.mit:] "
T.
saw];KUwi ;] lL;hB, yU,mUci ;] t};pWt;] AWk,] KUc;] yU,sWm;] Sn]lk}W m]:nm] hQt;] h}:hQt;] SUnk] n
i "]
n.
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] n
i l
] aw];" yU,nUwi ]
Sn]lk}W m]:nm] hQt;] h}:nL;kin"]
p.
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i "]
P.
saw];KUwi ;] ptWc,] hgc.] kyac]; yU,pWt;] mUci ;] pa}; mUci ;] t};pWt;] san];" hQt;] h}:nL;kin"]
m.
saw];KUiw];lI.eSL; yU,mUic];t};pWt];san];km]:PWc]: yU,mUic];t};pWt];hgc],km]:PWc]:"
Am],yU,pQnm] ku .] yC,] muk.] lUc] yU,sWm;] Sn]l}W hQt;] h}:nL;kin"]
y.
saw];KUwi ;] yac];lm]' yac];lqc'] yac];la}; nC;] mUci ;] t};n}. mI;pWt;] san];' pWt;] kac]"
sWm;] nm].sac]' ek;SI;' mUci ;] SU:sUwi ;] n}.eS hQt;] h}:nL;kin"]
r.
saw];KUwi ;] tWc,] luwi ;] yU,mUwi ;] t};pWt;] san];km]:nm]" hQt;] h}:nL;kin"]
l.
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Q ;] kan]kL.Ka}El: lQc.] St];kin"]
w.
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mL;yU,nC;] mUci ;] t}; mUwi :] pac]Aci ;] klQt:] hQt;] kan]lcQ .] St];El: h}:nL;kin"]
h.
saw];KUwi ;] AWn,] An]Am],epL;mI;hBwk] n
U ;] nm] mUn
i n
] c],Aqn,] ' KmU.' TenL.' pEl;
sUwi ;] n}.ekL:mI; km]:nm]ht
Q ;] h}:nL;kin"]
saw];KUiw];kUn];mUic];t}; An]lat]:mL;sUiw];n}. pQn]kUn];mUic]; sUiw].sat]:lQw]kn]
kUit],kuik]; nm].lin]hin]PL hBm]:kn]mL;pan]Suip],pan]yw]. pQn]Sc]mL;ekL: sL.hBm]:KI'
(Nation)
"
wan]:mUic];"
mI;sUwi .] sat]:yw]. epL;Am],mI;Pqn,] linw] an]:mUci ;] tI:puci :] Aicy
] ,U Sw];ekL: pQnt
] :I pUn
i :]
Am],np].Am],ym] sac]:tQk;] yQp,] ym]:pUn.] pqnt
] kQ ;] tQck] n]El: Pqnl
] n
i w] an]:mUci ;] n}nn].ekL:
pQnS
] c].lk];TWt:] mYat]:lUcA
] n]nciu :] pun:] kUn;] kU:ekL.yw]."
k.
Pqn,] linw] an]:mUci ;] suci :] t};n}. mI;kuki ;] pun
i ;] lum:] fL.mL;pan]Spiu ,] pan]" tun
i ;] mI;KunA
] pu .] pUci ,]
mUci ;] mL;hc];eKL" tun
i ;] mI;Suki ;] kqt,] EKwan]:mUci ;] mL;yU, pan]Spiu ,] pan]yw]." Pqn,] lin]
suci :] t}; An]Aci ;] klQt:] ' EK,El: T};Kw]mL;tqp;] tt];lqnl
] n
i p] n]mwiU :] 1894
nn]. tac];kCac]:yC,] mn];mI;yU, 62,500 KCa,} lk];yU,yw]."
K.
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hw]; hLhQt;] kinl
] cQ .] tWc.] nn]. Am],mI;tac];yap],Put
i ,] kL:huwi "] pQnA
] n]kmu ,] lUm:]
pQc;] epL;lIy,U yw]." kan]can];Puk,] SWm:] nC;] mUci ;] t}; sQmp] an]p,U mWn,] nn]. sC.] hqc;] kUn;] '
hqc;] St];eShQt;] mL;" etL,Tuci y
] am];lQwe] kL: tuki .] l}:sC.] hqc;] kUn;] hqc;] St];km].pL:nm]"
mak],Kw]:tw]:nm].El: KUw;] KWcA
] kW ,] nC;] mUci ;] t}; An]swiu :] yC,] n}. Kw]:San]' Kw]:kap],'
cL;' TUw,] lin'] TUwn
] w]:' mWk,] wn];wa},' AL,lU;' Pk];mI,' nQc:] ' kL,PI,' tWcl
] n
q ;] yL:'
yL:lut,] pL,kY;I nI;yUwi ;] ' mak]skW ;] ' mak],ekL:' mak],kQc'] yL:fin,] ' mak],mU.' mak],pw].
(mak],Aun)] sUwi ;] n}.yw]."
SUnh] <} nL;El: kan]hLlQc.] tWc.] nC;] mUci ;] suci :] t}; (mac]pt
W ;] tWn:] )
Farmlands, paddy fields and livelihoods in Shan State
PL,SL,"
PL,SL,An]wL:n}. pQnk] aC m];lat]:' lik:] la};' fic:] Ec:" sUwi .] sat]:t};hw];n}.mI;kuki ;] mUci ;]
mUn
i p] n
iU :] yU," nC;] mUci ;] t};n}. kCam];t};pQnk] aC m];kac]" tI:nC;] saw];KUwi ;] PCm] n];nn]. lat]:kCam];sUwi .] KUwi ;]
sw]:kw],eS km]:nm]emLlat]:kCam];t};El: Aw]kaC m];t};hG:] pQnk] aC m];Ek:K} hG:] pWc,] kn]nn].yU,yw]."
i '] lik:] plWc:] '
lik:] An]s.]C yU,nC;] mUci ;] t};n}. lik:] t};' lik:] EK,' lik:] man]:' lik:] t};Kun
lik:] pAUw;] ' lik:] wL.' lik:] lL;hB,' lik:] Aic;] klQt:] sUwi ;] n}.yw]." yWn.] t};Am],mI;lWc:] Tac],hac]:
lWt:] lqw;] El: lik:] t};n}. kuki ;] pun
i ;] sUwi .] KUwi ;] mL;yU,eStL.ekL: lik:] t};hw];n}. Am],sac]:SWn]
Kun
i :] pQns
] n].mUn
i t
] ac],mUci ;] l}:" pun
i ;] lik:] t};n}. mI;kuki ;] sUwi .] KiwU ;] pan]Spiu ,] pan]mL;yU,"
fic:] Ec:KWct
] ;} n}. KUw;] nuc:] kUn;] sa}; pQnk] n
U K] Lyaw]; SUwi :] tqk:] puc,] (SUwi :] tqk,] pumu )]
KQn;] KQn;] hBwk] m]:nm]" mI;KUw;] nac];yic;] kUv;] An]l:} hn]pkq ,] pUci :] kn]" saw];KUwi ;] PCm] n]; mI;la};
kL:wqnK] cW P
] m]C n];yU," la};kL:wqnK] cW t
] ;} n}. sat]:Sqc;] ' la};kL:nUk.] ' kL:tUw;] ' la};KWn.] '
la};lqw;] sUwi ;] n}.yw]."
pac]pt
iu ,] hBc;] hQn;] sUwi .] sat]: (lWt
} ;} lqc;] )
Ceremony of opening new semester of Loi
Tai Leng National School.
tac];kL:fic]:Tuc];sat]:Sqc];t};
Shan traditional opera
SL,SnL,"
SL,SnL,An]wL:n}. pQnt
] :I puci :] Aic] yum,] ym]np].Tuwi "] sUwi .] sat]:saw];KUwi ;] mUci ;] t};n}.
km].nm]ymu ,] ym] puci :] AicS
] L,SnL,put.] TJPL;pQns
] w]:" nC;] hBwk] n
U ;] mUci ;] t};nuci :] hBwp] ak],n}.
yum,] ym]pt
u .] TJPL;pQns
] w]: 85%" lUwi n
] n].yum,] ym]ey,SU.El:PI" yum,] ym]hn
i ,] tU,El:
Ait,] Slm]swiU ;] n}.ekL:mI;yU," put.] TJPL;pQns
] w]:n}. kuc,] munm] n];sw]:TWt:] mYat]:nL, kCam];Sc],
SWnm] n];sw]:n}. Am],mI;tI:tqk:] nicU ;] "
- SWnh] :]G kUn;] kU:ekL. mI;pk];pUci "] tuwi ;] km]pk];pUci ] (SI,l)" mI;sCm] n]:sCn
] mi ] (SmL,Ti)El:
mI;nm].kt]. (pvL,)"
- SWn]hG]:kUn];kU:ekL. tuiw];km]sriySam]pUic] (pun]:tL,tUw]kw],lI' sUiw].sat]:lIEl:
St];twL, tc];la}l)I "
8
pac]kmu S
] c],KL,t}; tI:cw]:suci :] lW:} t};lqc;]
Monks meeting in Loi Tai Leng
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] :U lCh] t
Q ;] sWm;] kYac].km]smW ;]
l}:ekL: l}:yU,tUws
] K]C n
iu :] yC,] kt];yQnT
] ac],hac]:Et.Et." JPL;pQns
] w]:n}. mn];sw]:wUn.]
hn]Pa},nL:Pa},lc]Et.Et." puci :] AicJ] PL;pQns
] w]:n}. mUn
i h] w];l}:hBm:] KL; hBm:] hBn
i ;] hBm:] huc;]
hBm]:h};eS vL;mUiw]:PUn]tUk];lqt],m}:ekL: tuin];Am],kUw]Sc] l}:yU,kt];kt];yQn]yQn]
yU,nn].yw]."
K.
c.
s.
4.
SUp;] wL: sCk] Yam], tac];Sam]pciU e] S lat]:Sc] wUn.] Sc]ekL: hG:] yum,] ym]np].Tuwi ]
TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] ' hG:] hk].hgml
] cW :] PWm.] hBm:] pun:] tL,etKWt,] lUt
i :] kn]] pUk;] pWcl
] :}
Kun
i ;] lWc:] Kun
i :] yC,] PwkUn;] mUci ;] t};hw]; nn].yw]."
nC;] lum:] fL.n}. mUci ;] lCe] kL: pUn
i :] hk].TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] KWcP
] m]C n];kU:mUci ;] "yWn.] pUwi :]
PWm.] kn]El: TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] KWcC p] n
iU :] ekL: Kun
i :] yC,] mC,] Sucn
] n].yw]."
sUwi .] sat]:saw];KUwi ;] mUci ;] t};hw];KL:ekL: mI;TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] yU,El: TWt:] mYat]:
i ,] m}: lUm.] sUmy
] ,U nC;] muwi ;] man]:PU:KCak]:mUci ;] " epL;hw];KL:
4 yUci :] KWch] w];n}. Suk.] yuc:] lUt
Am],KWt,] lUt
i :] PWm.] hBm:] kn]sciu ] Am],sac]:pUk;] luk.] Kun
i ;] TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] hw];eS
Am],kL; TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] hw];n}ekL: sac]:etlU.ha}lmU .] sUmA
] m],hac]." kWp:] n}El:
epL,lSI,eKL:TI.nuci :] n}. yUci ;] ma}tL,TWt:] mYat]: 4 yUci :] hw]; Kun
i :] yC,] hBwi :] hBci ;] nn].yw]."
epL;wL:hw];kU:saw];KiwU ;] KWt,] lUt
i :] PWm.] hBm:] kn]sciu ] hw];etEk:lit:] l}: pYSnL,
mUic];t};nc],n}1. hw];etpUk;] pWcl
] :} lWc:] Sun,] l}:tqp;] tt];hc];eKL"
2. hw];KC:] hQt;] Kun
i ;] mUci ;] hBm:] tums
] t
q :] sac], n}ekL:l}:"
3. Sc]wL:pUk;] tc]: lWc:] Aup.] pUci ,] tI,mUw,] Ker,SI, Sun,] l}:Sun,] pQnl
] cW :] Tac],hac]:
pQc;] pUn
i :] nC;] km],PL, n}ekL:l}:"
4. hw];KC:] pUk;] pWcp] n] PwkUn;] mUci ;] hw]; hG:] Kun
i :] yC,] mak]:mI; n}ekL:l}:"
5. hw];KC:] hG:] yL:fin,] nC;] Pqn,] lins
] ciu :] t}; mWt,] ha}Tv
U :] hak]:mn];ekL:l}:"
6. KC:] hG:] suci :] t};kt];yQn] sW:} hG:] lum:] fL.kt];yQnn
] e} kL:hQt;] l}:"
lWc:] PWm.] hBm:] sUwi .] sat]:hw];An]wL:n}. lat]:ca}:hQt;] yap]," kWp:] n}El: lWc:] PWm.] hBm:]
An]wL:n}. lUw,] PWm.] kn]ht
Q ;] lUw,] PWm.] kn]smW ;] nc],kan]Pa},tC:] sUwi ;] n}. 1. PWm.] kn] Ek:lit:] pn]hLkU:lWc:] lWc:] "
2. PWm.] kn] sWm;] pk];pUci m] a}m:I An]lwQ k] n]"
3. PWm.] kn] hLcun
i ;] mL;SC,] TUcl
] wQ k] n]"
4. PWm.] kn] tuki ;] PU:KQnK] aC k]:mUci ;] "
5. PWm.] kn] tut
i .] ma}m:I Aup.] pUci ,] PWc;] cm];suci :] mUci ;] "
6. PWm.] kn] hk].kn] sW:} kn] mUn.] Em;kn] pUk;] pWcC k] n] tL,hG:] kUn;] hQt;] kan]hw];
hG:] epL;Kun
i :] yC,] mI;nm].kt].nn].yw]."
epL,lSI, nUiw]kan]PWm].hBm]:sUiw].sat]:"
1. PWm.] hBm:] kn]San]Kt]; !man]:@ An]pn
Q P
] :U KCak]:mUci ;] "
2. PWm.] hBm:] kn]San]Kt]; PU:hk];lc]El: yL.lU.St].sL,wan]:mUci ;] "
3. PWm.] hBm:] kn] Kt];sCS
] n
U ;] tum] saw];KUwi ;] nC;] mUci ;] suci :] t}; hG:] l}:PWm.] SQcp] cQ ;] pak],kn]"
10
PU:nc]:suci :] pac]kmu K] n
W ,] krqt.] suci :] t};
Shan State Congress meetings Chairpersons
tI:pac]kum]tL,kan]PWm].hBm]:nC];suic]:t};
pac]kum]KWp]:KUp],KWc],SI,Aw]Kuin];suic]:t};
tI:pac]Apu ,] AUw;]
11
5.
epL,lSI, pUk];pWc]wan]:mUic];suic]:t};"
1. pUk;] pWch] :]G kUn;] suci :] t}; PWm.] SQcp] cQ ;] pak],kn] hG:] sac]:hBm:] kn] Kt];sCA
] w]Kn
iu ;]
Pqn,] lins
] ciu :] t};"
2. pUk;] pWch] :]G hB.pWc,] lWc:] Pqn,] lins
] ciu :] t}; pQnP
] n
q ,] link] n
U ;] mUci ;] suci :] t};kU:ekL."
3. wa};eSPqn,] lins
] ciu :] t};pUt;] pW,} yw]. etpUk;] pWcp] n
Q m] L; !suci :] mUci ;] tI,mUw,] Ker,SI,@
An]m;I Sun,] l}: Tac],hac]:PQc,] pQc;] kn]"
6.
epL,lSI, saw];KUiw];sL,tikUn];kuik];mUic];"
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
epL,lSI, nUiw]PU:KQn]"
1. PU:yip;] km]lkW ;] pUci K] aC k]:mUci ;] "
2. PU:hk];lc]El: yL.St].sL, nUwi s
] wiU .] sat]:wan]:mUci ;] "
3. PU:kit,] KCac]yL.kw]; SQn:] tac];nL:kan] sUwi .] sat]:wan]:mUci ;] "
8.
epL,lSI, nUiw]AUv];lI"
1. PU:hn]lkI m].sW:} SQn:] tac];nL:kan] tL,sUwi .] sat]:wan]:mUci ;] hG:] pUt;] pW,} lWt:] lqw;]
Tac],hac]:"
pac]kum]PU:nm];sum];AUv];lISuik];
Military Alliance meeting
12
2. PU:mk];mn]: PU:KQnA
] n]lwQ k] n]tc]; KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t};"
9.
tp].Suik];suic]:t};PQw]:mUv].yL:mw];km]
yL:mw];km]An]tp].Suik];suic]t};PQw]:Sim];l}:
13
15
lum];pWc]kan]lUc]cw]:suic]: KWc],SI,Aw]Kuin];suic]:t};
pUci K] t
W ,] PWt:] KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t}; l}:Enw}.sWm;] nc], nL:lik:] (15) eS
nc],hbwi k] an]can];kU:lWc:] lWc:] epL;etPqn'] st];' Tt];' Em;hQt;] Sac]:l}:sWm;] nc],eKL:yUci ;]
Aan];epL,lSI,KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t};mI;nn]. nC;] lum;] pWck] an]lcU c] w]:suci :] KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;] suci :] t};
l}:KWt,] PWt:] w}.hgc:] kan]lcU ] (15) hgc:] kan]tcU .] nuci '] kp];San]' hQt;] Sac]:kan]can];w}.
yU,yw]." hgc:] kan]lcU ] (15) hgc:] kan] nC;] lum;] pWck] an]lcU c] w]:suci :] nn].(1) hgc:] kan]lcU ] sum;] Kuki .] tWn;] "
(2) hgc:] kan]lUc] Aup.] pUci n
] ;]C mUci ;] "
(3) hgc:] kan]lcU ] pun
i P
] aw],"
(4) hgc:] kan]lcU ] kUt,] Tt];"
(5) hgc:] kan]lcU ] Pa},Kaw],"
(6) hgc:] kan]lcU ] tit;] etL,saw];KUwi ;] "
(7) hgc:] kan]lcU ] tit;] etL,AUv;] lI"
(8) hgc:] kan]lcU ] Pa},kqt,] EK"
(9) hgc:] kan]lcU ] Pa},cun
i ;] "
(10) hgc:] kan]lcU ] tit;] etL,nWk:] mUci ;] "
(11) hgc:] kan]lcU ] pa};pic,] vL,"
(12) hgc:] kan]lcU ] pa};yU,lI"
(13) hgc:] kan]Pa},kp];San] NGOs"
(14) hgc:] kan]lcU ] Aup.] pUci ,] pac]Sw];"
(15) hgc:] kan]lcU ] hBc;] hQn;] Suki ;] El: hBc;] Puki ;] SWnk] an]Skiu ;] "
lum];
pWc]
kan]
lUc]
cw]:
suic]:
Supreme Office of RCSS
16
INTRODUCTION
The early history of Shan State is of a highly civilized culture where people lived in
peace and harmony for centuries. There was never the practice of barbarism, for
peace and tolerance was valued in this naturally beautiful environment. The people
tried to follow the Buddhas doctrine. They lived in peace and traveled freely,
enjoying all their human rights.
This all changed when the Burmese regime deployed its troop to occupy Shan
State. Under their rule there are widespread abuses against the indigenous people,
including forced labor, torture and persecution. The military regime wants to destroy
Shan culture and literature, and the democratic system with which it has lived.
There is much suffering; and living in this kind of hell has caused many to lose hope.
Tears of the Shan State people are shed daily, as they live in fear and terror of
being killed without reason. Young girls and women have been raped by the Burmese
troops. Shan State people have not known the Human Rights noted by the UN.
Have the worlds communities forgotten the Shan people?
To escape this dark prison caused by the Burmese regime, all the Shan State
people must cooperate together to rebuild our state and our nation. This will mean
we must have unity and be willing to fight together to reach the goal of a better life
for the people. We all want the same thing, to live in peace and stability so that our
nation can again develop and experience prosperity. If we do not fight for it, we
will fail forever..
There are four points to help us reach our goal:
1. Shan State people inside and in exile must cooperate together in order to
be free from the control of the Burmese regime.
Shan State people must protect and preserve our state for future
generations. Our ancestors have passed down our homeland from
generation to generation so that we could live well. The destruction of our
homeland has not been caused by natural disaster but by the Burmese
regime. They have damaged our homeland and created only destruction
through deforestation and exporting our natural resources abroad. Only
the Shan State people can protect our state. If we do not protect our state
today then there may not be any homeland to protect and preserve for the
next generation, who will not be able to live as do other nations in the
world.
17
We must preserve our culture and literature so that we can pass them to
future generations. Without our national language, culture and literature,
there will be nothing left of our nation.
Strong religion strengthens our nation. Religion and rulers depend on each other.
With just rulers and progressive religion, we will be prosperous, peaceful, and
rich. For the Shan State to reach our goals, we must think, plan and act within the
boundaries of our Six Policies. Only then there will be peace and prosperity for the
Shan state peoples.
Yawd Serk
Chairman
Restoration Council of the Shan State
18
hBw]pw]:lUc]mWk],lat]:eKL:kCam]; pW};wn];sUiw].sat]:
PU:tqn];sum];saw];KUiw];km]:PWc]:tI:pac]kum]cw]:suic]:
19
c. Social Culture
d. The Religion
a. The Nation
The nation means the people who have been living together for a long period,
bearing the burdens and sharing the profit among themselves. The glory of the
nation depends on the solidarity of its people. Among the 4 noble principles, the
nation is the most important. There are many ethnic groups that are included in our
nation. They are:
1. The Shans form the bulk and are about 68% of the whole population
of the Shan State.
2. The Palaungs or Ta-angs are about 7%of the population. Most of
them are tea planters of the northern Shan State.
3. The Pa-ohs are about 7% and live in the southern Shan State.
4. The Wa-s are about 5% and live in the northern part of the transSalween area.
5. The Kachins live on the hills of the northern Shan State.
6. The Danus or Htanus live on the plains of the southern Shan State.
7. The Angsas or Tai nongs live around the Haiya or Inle lake and are
famous for their handicraft.
8. The Lahus are mountaineers of the trans-Salween areas.
9. The Ahkhas are also mountaineers of the trans-Salween and along the
Laotian borders.
10. The Kokangese live n the northeastern part of the Shan State as
traders and animal keepers.
11. The Padaungs or Kayans, live in Mong Pai township in the southern
Shan State.
12. The Lisus live in small communities in the north and southern Shan
State.
13. The Yangs or Riangs (Yang Lam, Yang Lai, Yang Leng) live in Nam
Sarng, Kaesi, Mong Hsu and other townships in the southern Shan
State.
14. Taung Yos or Taung Luas live in the southern Shan State.
15. The Indians (including Gurkhas) are descendents of Indian
immigrants during the colonial times. They are also farmers and animal
herders.
20
All these ethnic groups have been living together in peace and harmony
for generations, helping each other in need and all have participated in
protecting our homeland. So, all these ethnic groups are included in our
nation.
b. The State
The State is a support and essential for a Nation to flourish. A Nation or race
without a state withers like grasses in the dry summer.
1. Our Shan State has existed since ancient times with our own
administration and our men at arms to protect the State. During
the British administration, the total area of the Shan State was
62,500 square miles.
2. The land was so fertile that the people had no difficulties in making
a living. They were self sufficient. Some goods and products of
Shan State are rice, maize, groundnut, soybean, sunflower, potato,
onion, garlic, tea, sesame, cheroot leaf, coffee, tobacco, seasonal
fruits and poppy.
c. Social Culture
Social Culture includes the language we speak, the literature and traditional
culture. In the Shan State Shan is the common language. But every ethnic
group has their own language as well.
tac];kL:nUk.] AWn,] yic;] t};(tI:cw]:suci :] ) tac];kL:pI:nWc.] lL;hB, mUwi :] pW;} wn];sUwi .] sat]:
Shan girls perform Kainnary dancing in
Loi Tai Leng
21
In literature there are Shan, Burmese, English, Chinese, Khun, Palaung, Pa-O,
Wa, and Lahu. Because there was no self determination, the Shan literature has
not developed much, though it has existed for centuries. But now Shan literature
is progressing slowly.
All ethnic have their own national dresses and traditional way of life. Social Culture
is the backbone of the nation. Without them the younger generation will forget out
past and slowly our nation will fade away. When our cultures are preserved and
developed, our nation will flourish. But they can be achieved only when there is
peace and tranquility. As it was the back bone of our nation, we must regard as a
Noble Principle.
d. The Religion
The Religion is necessary for the people to trust and rely on. 85% of the Shans
people are Buddhists. Others are Christians, Hinduisms, Islam and spiritualists. All
the ethnic groups have their equal rights to determine their own religion.
From the Buddhas doctrine, we have learned about the moral quality of the nobles
(Sila), mindful concentration (Samatyi) and Wisdom (Pannya). Everybody was
taught to perform the three noble deeds (i.e. for the good of oneself, his kin and for
all the living beings). They are also learned to love and be kind to each other, so
that they could live in harmony within their communities.
Religion taught us, to be dutiful, obedient and gave us moral support and
protection.
In the present days, the Burmese invaders are destroying our religious sites and
our historical evidences. In doing so, they are not only destroying the relics but
also spoiling the moral of the people. With the people in poverty our religion will
fade away. When there is no Religion there will be no peace and we cannot promote
better living of our people. So the Religion is also a noble principle.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Independence
To establish the democratic way of life
To promote better living conditions of our people
Anti narcotic drugs
To restore Peace and Tranquility
23
kCL,yUt];yLpn]kUn];mUic];pa}:eP;tI:nC];TUin],
Providing medical treatment to IDPs in the
jungle
26
SUny
] L:nC;] suci :] t};tI:nuci :]
Poppy cultivation in Shan State
27
hBwp] w]:lUcS
] n
W p] n] kan]Sn
W l
] a};AWn
W h] wB ]
kan]Sn
W S
] kiu ;] tp].Suki ;] suci :] t};
ekL.Suki ;] han] sUwi ;] hp].wCh] ap],Tam];kan]hL:pItmQ ] PWm.] hBm:] kn] Aw]AcW ,] ep.nUwi ] PU:KQnK] aC k]:mUci ;]
After serving five years term in the Army, Hold victory over the enemy by cooperation
dutiful persons ready to go home
28
29
hBwp] w]:lUc]
RCSS put
i ,] Puv,] lum;] pWck] an]lcU ]
cw]:suci :]
30