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HIstology Lec - 13 GI Accessory Glands
HIstology Lec - 13 GI Accessory Glands
DATE 11.10.2015
B.
C.
D.
Salivary Glands
a. Duct Systems
b. Parotid Gland
c. Submandibular Gland
d. Sublingual Gland
e. Minor Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SALIVARY GLANDS
Mucous Acinus
Lightly Stained
Flattened, Basal nucleus
Columnar / cuboidal
Stratified columnar
I. PAROTID GLAND
o Largest
o Main duct Stensens duct
o Purely serous gland
o It divides into lobules with the septa
radiating between lobules
o It carries BV, nerves & excretory
duct
o The parotid gland consists mainly of serous
secretory units which are darkly stained in
H&E preparations. The serous cells (SC) have
numerous zymogen granules.
o These are strongly stained cytoplasmic
granules containing proteins. Their nuclei
are rounded with dispersed chromatin and
they usually occupy a more central position
within the cell (compared to mucus secreting
cell.)
o An intercalated duct (ID) with a lining of
cuboidal secretory cells can be seen.
II. SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
o Second largest
o Main duct Whartons duct
o Mixed gland, predominantly serous
o With Serous demilunes of Gianuzzi
o The submandibular gland consists of a
mixture of serous and mucous secretory
units which are often found in the form of
mixed Sero-mucous secretory units.
o The mixed secretory units consist of mucous
acini M with serous demilunes (SD).
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liver parenchyma
emulsification (Exocrine Function);
Other Functions:
o Plasma
protein
synthesis
like
fibrinogen, prothrombin, albumin,
o apolipoproteins
&
transferring
(Endocrine Function);
o Gluconeogenesis;
o Detoxification;
o Deamination;
o Glucose storage in the form of glycogen
& triglycerides;
o Fat-soluble vitamin storage especially
Vit. A;
o Removal of effete RBC;
o Storage of Iron
o Blood flow
o Hepatic portal vein
o Hepatic artery
hepatocytes known
limiting plate
as
the
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KUPFFER CELLS:
o Stellate macrophages from monocytes;
o Within the sinusoidal linings;
o Phagocytose aged RBCs;
o Antigen-presenting cells;
o Removes bacteria/debris in the portal
blood.
Hepatic sinusoids.
In the endothelial lining of the hepatic sinusoids
are numerous specialized stellate macrophages
or Kupffer cells that detect and phagocytose
effete erythrocytes. (a) Kupffer cells (K) are seen
as black cells in a liver lobule from a rat injected
with particulate India ink. (b) In a plastic section,
Kupffer cells (K) are seen in the sinusoid (S)
between two groups of hepatocytes (H). They are
larger than the flattened endothelial cells (E).
Between the endothelium and the hepatocytes is
a very thin space called the perisinusoidal space
(PS) of Disse, in which are located small hepatic
stellate cells (HS), or Ito cells, that maintain the
very sparse ECM of this compartment and also
store vitamin A in small lipid droplets.
ITO CELLS:
o Hepatic stellate cells;
o Stores fat-soluble vitamins like Vit. A;
o Produces extracellular matrix and
cytokines.
BILE FLOW:
Hepatocytes >>> Bile Canaliculi (smallest branch
of the biliary tree) >>> Canals of Hering
(composed of cholangiocytes) >>> Bile ductules
(LE: simple cuboidal-columnar cells) >>> Hepatic
ducts
Bile ductules
Near the periphery of each hepatic
lobule, many bile canaliculi join with the
much larger bile canals of Hering, which
are lined by cuboidal epithelial cells
called cholangiocytes. These canals
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Hepatic lobule.
In humans these lobules have much less
connective tissue and their boundaries are more
difficult to distinguish. In both cases peripheral
connective tissue of portal areas contains the
portal triad: small bile ductules (D), venule (V)
branches of the portal vein, and arteriole (A)
branches of the hepatic artery.
PORTAL LOBULE
o Contains plenty of peroxysomes;
o For detoxification and bile secretion
(Exocrine functions);
o From one portal area to another portal
area;
o Portal areas are rich in oxygen,
nutrients and connective tissue.
HEPATIC ACINUS
ZONE II
o Intermediate metabolism between
Zone I & II.
ZONE III
o Anaerobic metabolism;
o Preferential sites for glycolysis, lipid
formation
and
drug
biotransformations;
o 1st to be affected during low oxygen
level;
o 1st to undergo fatty accumulation and
ischemic necrosis.
main pancreatic
duct
intercalated duct
common
bile duct
ampulla of
Vater
intralobular
duct
doudenum
interlobular
duct
Ganito ang drainage ng pancreatic secretion. Galing ng acinus magdedrain sya sa intercalated duct hanggang mapunta sya sa interlobular
duct. So anong pinagkaiba ng itsura nila?
Ang IC duct ay may SIMPLE CUBOIDAL. Habang lumalaki yung duct,
nagiging stratified cuboidal na sya. Pano malalaman kapag
intralobular o interlobular na? Take note of the LOCATION. Ang
INTERLOBULAR DUCT ay makikita sa SEPTUM.
So kapag ka stratified cuboidal na sya pero wala sa septum,
INTRALOBULAR DUCT yun. Tingnan nyo yung pcture and identify.
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GALL BLADDER
Sphincter choledochus
surrounds
and
controls
terminal region of common
bile duct, to stop flow into
duodenum
Sphincter pancreaticus
from pancreatic duct
Sphincter longitudinalis
triangular interval of ampulla
of Vater, pancreatic duct and
common bile duct
References:
Wheaters
Junqueiras
Trans of Upclass
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