Experiment Number: 04

Name of the experiment:

Standardization of Sodium Thiosulphate solution with
standard Potassium Dichromate solution.
Course: Chem-114

Name: Atanu Kumar Saha

Roll: 0706125
Group: c1
Partners Roll:0706124
Department: E.E.E.

Date of Performance: 16-08-2008

Date of Submission: 23-08-2008

Objective:The objective of this experiment is to determine the strength of Sodium

Thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) with a standard Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
solution. This experiment is based on oxidation and reduction reaction, as well as
iodometry. Sodium Thiosulphate has very important and huge industrial usage.
It is widely used in the photographic processing and to remove excess chlorine in
the bleaching industry. This examination is very useful to find out the percentage
of purity of Sodium Thiosulphate.

Theory:Standardization is the process by which the strength of a solution is

determined with the help of a standard solution. A solution of known
concentration is called a standard solution. This experiment is done by means of
titration. In presence of a suitable indicator, a chemical substance that detects the
end point of reaction by changing its color, the volumetric analysis in which a
standard solution is added in another solution (whose strength is unknown) to
reach its end point to determine the strength of that solution is called titration.
Titration involving iodine or dealing with liberated iodine in chemical
reaction is called iodometry and iodometry respectively. This reaction is
iodometry because iodine is obtained from KI.
The reactions of this experiment are:
6KI+14HCl+ K2Cr2O7 =2CrCl3+3I2 +7H2O+8KCl
(6 I- + 14 H+ + Cr2O7-2 + 6e- = 2 Cr+3 + 3 I2+ 7 H2O)
2Na2S2O3 + I2 = Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
(S2O3 2- + e- = S4O6 2- + I-)
Here K2Cr2O7 is an oxidizing agent and I- is a reducing agent. Again in the
second reaction I2 is an oxidizing agent and S2O3-- is a reducing agent.
In the 2nd Step of the reaction a specific indicator is used that is Starchwhich has a significant effect on iodine.
Starch+I2=Starch-Iodine (blue color)
Starch-Iodine+6S2O3--=Starch +6I- + 3S4 O6

If to a solution containing a little iodine, some starch solution is added and

Na2S2O3 is run in from the burette, the blue color of the starch-iodine complex
will disappear from the solution as soon as all the iodine has been reduced to
iodide ion.

Apparatus:1. Conical flask,

2. Burette ,
4. Volumetric flask , 5. Stand,

3. Pipette ,
6. Funnel

Chemicals:-

1. Na2S2O3 , 2. K2Cr2O7 , 3. KI , 4. NaHCO3

5. HCl (Concentrated) , 6. Starch (Indicator)

Data:-

Standardization of Na2S2O3 solution with standard K2Cr2O7 solution

No. of
obs.

1.
2.
3.

Volume
of
K2Cr2O7
(ml)
10
10
10

Burette reading
Initial
(ml)

Final
(ml)

0
10.3
20.7

10.3
20.7
31.1

Volume of
Na2S2O3

Calculation:We know, Vred X Sred = Vox X Sox

Here,
VK2Cr2O7 = 10 ml ,
VNa2S2O4 = 10.4 ml

SK2Cr2O7 = 0.1 N
SNa2S2O4 =?

SNa2S2O4 = (10 X 0.1)/10.4

=0.097 N

Result:-

Determined strength of Na2S2O3 solution is = 0.097 N

(ml)
10.3
10.4
10.4

Average
(Volume of
Na2S2O3)
(ml)
10.4

Error Analysis:-

Percentage of error = (known value ~observed value) X 100 known value

= (0.098 0.097) X 100 / 0.098
= 1%

Discussion:-

As the color change of the titration of Na2S2O3 with K2Cr2O7 is very

confusing, the end point of the titration may not have been properly
determined. This may be the cause of error.