A

Project
On

Name: ANKUR KUMAR LALA

Roll No. IMBA/40561/12 Sec. B

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MESRA
EXTENSION CENTRE- LALPUR, RANCHI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Its of great pleasure to

express my gratitude towards all those
who have contributed in the completion
of this project. Further my deep
gratitude and regards to my my teacher
for his valuable and inspiring guidance.
I also recall the cooperation of all my friends and relatives
including my parents for their active cooperation

ANKUR KUMAR LALA

IMBA/40561/12

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ANKUR KUMAR

LALA of
IMBA 3rd Semester

Roll no. IMBA/40561/12 Sec. B

has successfully completed the project
on
SAMPLING (STATISTICS)

under my supervision and guidance to

the fullest
participation.

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MESHRA
EXTENSION CENTER- LALPUR, RANCHI

INDEX

S.No

TOPIC

Page No.

Remarks/Signature

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
In statistics, quality assurance, & survey methodology, sampling is concerned with the
selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate
characteristics of the whole population. Acceptance sampling is used to determine if a
production lot of material meets the governing specifications. Two advantages of sampling are
that the cost is lower and data collection is faster than measuring the entire population.
Each observation measures one or more properties (such as weight, location, color) of
observable bodies distinguished as independent objects or individuals. In survey sampling,
weights can be applied to the data to adjust for the sample design, particularly stratified
sampling (blocking). Results from probability theory and statistical theory are employed to
guide practice. In business and medical research, sampling is widely used for gathering
information about a population.
The sampling process comprises several stages:

Defining the population of concern

Specifying a sampling frame, a set of items or events possible to measure
Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame
Determining the sample size
Implementing the sampling plan
Sampling and data collecting
Data which can be selected

METHODS OF SAMPLING
Within any of the types of frame identified above, a variety of sampling methods can be
employed, individually or in combination. Factors commonly influencing the choice between
these designs include:

Nature and quality of the frame

Availability of auxiliary information about units on the frame
Accuracy requirements, and the need to measure accuracy
Whether detailed analysis of the sample is expected
Cost/operational concerns

Sampling and data collection

Good data collection involves:

Following the defined sampling process

Keeping the data in time order
Noting comments and other contextual events
Recording non-responses

Conclusion
Sampling is used in statistics because you cant possibly ask everyone in the world how old
they are in order to find out the average age of all humans. But by getting a representative,
sample you can make a pretty accurate estimation of the average age of everyone in the
planet. Another less obvious reason sampling is used to get rid of bias. If you ask 10 of your

friends if they like apples and 9 of them say they do you cant say that 90% of people like
apples. Maybe 90% of your friends, but its very important to get a sample that accurately
represents and reflects the population you are studying.