World civilization

Assignment-1
Name: David Noel B
Roll no: 13110023
TITLE: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION OF INDUS VALLEY
CIVILIZATION
Introduction: Indus valley civilization is one of the old and major civilizations along with the
Egypt, Mesopotamia, China. It was in Bronze Age. Time period of this civilization is 2600BCto
1900BC. It lived in northwest part of India and in some part of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It
covers the area twice the area of Egypt & Mesopotamia.
Summary: In the talk the professor mentioned about their life style and their construction of
houses and their seals like unicorns and materials like bangles and language and transports and
trading of their products etc.
First the professor discussed about their symbol. Unicorns do not really exist in the world and yet
they invented this symbol of unicorn. They also have some other symbols like elephant. They
have used this symbol in seals, tax collectors and middle traders. Most of their seals almost 65
percent of them were having this symbol. Later it was stopped after the fall of Indus valley
civilization. Seals of their civilization say that there are some higher officials ruling over them
like government officials we have. They have different languages but single script. They write it
from right to left and for common people. Archeologists found number of symbols carved on the
stones cardboards and small tablets.
They have token system which is used of the international trade with Mesopotamian and others
as well. It seems like their major work was trading their goods to another countries and making
money.
The important thing he told us about their construction which shows their great civil engineering
technology. They built house in perfect manner, they follow some patterns in building their
houses like their house represents a human body and their kitchen is facing northeast so that they
can cook early in the morning and every house has wells and every house is built in the same
way and they built drainage systems which are connected house to house at that time itself. They
built wall around the city. The bricks used for the constructions were like two types the bigger
one and smaller one. The bigger has weight of 17 kilograms and smaller one has 14 kilograms.
People from different areas built different colors of bricks. People built bricks by sharing their
work among themselves like 3 people 3 days and they made 500 bricks. They did not have any

measuring instruments like scales but they have great system of measuring length, time and
weights in their period. They measure things with their body parts. They also developed the
technique of grills and meshes. They also have techniques like grinding and drilling and chipping
People of Indus valley civilization love ornaments. Ornaments were made of beads of shell and
with gold and silver. Their ornaments are bangles and bracelets and necklaces.
Conclusion: This civilization lasted for 1000 years and one of the early urbanized civilizations.
Natural calamities like floods or droughts, other deadly diseases are causes for the extinction of
the Indus valley civilization.