Change Order Reduction through

3D Modeling and BIM

Presented by: Brian Hannon, P.E., Moore & Bruggink

Outline

Construction Change Orders

3D Modeling
Building Information Modeling
Different Programs
Case Studies
Future

Construction Change Orders

Owner Requested Change

Unforeseen Conditions
Conflicts
Contractor Questions
Design Conflicts

Industry Average
Construction COs between 7%-9%
7 % (design/build)
(Project Delivery Systems & Project Change : Quantitative Analysis Journal of Construction Engineering &
Management at ASCE July 2003 Ibbs et.al.)

7.5 %
(Comparative Analysis of total Project Costs w/ vs without at CM Research Report to the CMAA Research
and Development Committee - April 2006 Kuprenas et. al.)

8.1 %
(Summary Report: Development of a Change Order Management Process for use on Construction Projects at
MSU Nov. 2004 Mrozowski et. al.)

9 % (design/bid/build)
(Project Delivery Systems & Project Change : Quantitative Analysis Journal of Construction Engineering &
Management at ASCE July 2003 Ibbs et.al.)

3D Modeling
Drawings in 3 planes (X, Y, Z)
Provides Design Visualization
Test Design Concepts
Can Render Surfaces or Solids

3D Modeling

Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN

3D Modeling

Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN

3D Modeling

Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN

3D Modeling

Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN

Conflict Detection

Image www.thenbs.com

Conflict Detection

Image www.rapidbim.com

Conflict Detection

Image www.beyonddesign.com

Building Information Modeling

Next Level of 3D drawings
Digital representation of physical and functional
characteristics of a facility
Concept originated in 1970s, term first
appeared in 1992 white paper.
Started becoming feasible with advancement of
computing power and in 2009 w/ release of Revit
and Navisworks

Building Information Modeling

Embed information as part of 3D Model
Equipment Information
Make and Model, Material
O&M manuals
Photos

Quantity and Materials takeoff

Cost Estimating

Information Embedment

Image www.autodesk.com

Some of the Different Programs

Autodesk Revit
AutoCAD Plant 3D
ArchiCAD
Bentley Architecture
NavisWorks (allows integration)
Open-platform types
Google Sketch-up
Blender
FreeCAD

Why Use 3D
and/or BIM?
Contractors View

Why use 3D and/or BIM?

Engineers View
Case Histories
Industry Average COs =
7% - 9%
M&B prior to implementation = 5.44%
M&B after implementation =
0.95%

Montgomery County, IN

Montgomery County, IN

Montgomery County, IN

Montgomery County, IN

Montgomery County, IN

Montgomery County, IN

Montgomery County, IN
Project Budget =
Change Orders =
CO % =

$3,617,600
$8,680
0.23%

Fulton Lift Station, Ada

Fulton Lift
Station, Ada

Fulton Lift Station, Ada

Fulton Lift
Station, Ada

Fulton Lift Station, Ada

Project Budget =
Change Orders =
CO% =

$329,200
$6,792
1.02%

Grandville CWP Chemical Bldg

Grandville CWP Chemical Bldg

Grandville CWP Chemical Bldg

Project Budget =
COs (w/ discovery) =
COs (w/o discovery) =
CO % (no discovery) =

$312,200
$17,251
$2,541
0.80%

Future of BIM
4D modeling
4D = Add schedule and tracking to 3D model
Can also clash detect schedule using 4D

4D (Track Schedule and Conflicts)

Future of BIM
5D modeling
5D = Add cost and tracking to the 4D model

6D
Model delivered to owner for use w/ all information

Model for Owners Use

Image www.skanska.com

Questions?
Brian Hannon, P.E.
Moore & Bruggink

(616) 363-9801
bhannon@mbce.com