Table Of Content

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Content
Introduction
Name Of Component
Name Of Tools
Working Procedure
Maintenance
Maintenance Schedule
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference

Pages
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Introduction
Journal or plain bearings comprise shaft or journal rotate freely in the arm supports or
metal shell. No rolling elements in the bearing. Design and construction they may be quite
simple, but the theory and operation of these bearings can be complicated. It concentrates on
lubricant and grease lubricated bearings full fluid film journal. Low speed pin and bushing is a
form of journal bearings where the shaft or shell generally do not make a full rotation. Partial
rotation on low speed, before usually reverse direction, does not allow the formation of a film full
of liquid and thus a metal-to-metal does not occur in the bearing. Pin and Bushing continue to
operate in the boundary lubrication regime. These types of bearings are usually lubricated with
extreme pressure (EP) grease to assist in supporting the load. Molybdenum sulfide in solid
(moly) is included in the grease to increase the load-carrying capacity of lubricants. Many
applications of construction and mining equipment incorporating pin and bushing outside. Thus,
shock loads and water and dirt contamination is often a major factor in their lubrication.

Name Of Component
1. Hydrodynamic bearing
Bearings transmit the rotating shafts loads to the foundation or machine support.
Hydrodynamic bearings transmit (float) the load on a self-renewing film of lubricant.
Thrust bearings support the axial loads. Radial loads are supported by journal bearings.
The machine and bearing can be classified as horizontal or vertical depending on the
orientation of the shaft. The bearings may be solid for assembly over the end of the
shaft, or split for assembly around the shaft.
2. Journal Bearing Or Shaft

Based on his theoretical investigation of cylindrical journal bearings, Professor Osborne

Reynolds showed that oil, because of its adhesion to the journal and its resistance to
flow (viscosity), is dragged by the rotation of the journal so as to form a wedge-shaped
film between the journal and journal bearing. This action sets up the pressure in the oil
film which thereby supports the load.
3. Rotating collar
The collar transmits the thrust load from the rotating shaft to the thrust shoes through the
lubricant film. It can be a separate part and attached to the shaft by a key and nut or
shrink fit, or it may be an integral part of the shaft. The collar is called a runner in vertical
machines.
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4. Base ring
The base ring loosely holds and constrains the shoes against rotating so as to allow
freedom to pivot. It may have passages for the supply of lubricant, and contain features
to adapt for misalignment and tolerance in the parts. The base ring (aligning ring) is
keyed or doweled to the housing to prevent rotation of the bearing assembly.
5. Lubricant
The lubricant is another important element of the bearing. The loads transmitted from
the shaft to the bearing through the lubricant which separates the parts and prevents
metal-to-metal contact. The lubricant also serves to carry heat caused by friction out of
the bearing.
6. Thrust shoe (journal shoe) assembly
The shoe (also called a pad, segment, or block) is loosely constrained so it is free to
pivot. The shoe has three basic features - the Babbitt, body, and pivot, and so is usually
referred to as an assembly.
I.

Babbitt
The Babbitt is a high-tin material, metallurgical bonded to the body. As with the
collar, the Babbitt surface must be smooth and flat in comparison to the film
thickness. The Babbitt is a soft material (compared to the shaft) which serves two
functions: It traps and imbeds contaminants so that these particles do not heavily
score or damage the shaft.

II.

Body
The shoe body is the supporting structure which holds the Babbitt and allows
freedom to pivot. The material is typically steel.

III.

Pivot
The pivot allows the shoe to rotate and form a wedge. It may be integral with the
shoe body, or be a separate insert. The pivot surface is spherical to allow 360
rolling freedom.

7. Oil seals
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Often called grease, fluid or dirt seals, close spaces between stationary and moving
components in mechanical equipment, helping prevent lubricant escape. They also stop
harmful contaminants from entering machinery, particularly in severe environments. Vital
components of practically every type of machine and vehicle in operation, oil seals
protect all types of precision-constructed, close-fitting ball, sleeve and roller bearings.

Name Of Tools
1. Spanar

2. Ellen keys

WORKING PROCEDURE
Hydrodynamic journal bearings way machine operation:
I.
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V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

1.
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6.

Press the button to switch on the machine life.

Press the hydrodynamic journal their bearings life machine to turn on the machine.
Press button oil pump for pumping lubricant entering on the bearings and shaft so that
bearings and shaft spin smoothly.
Press button servo to enable the spin shaft and bearings.
Then adjust button to set the torque speed or slow down the machine shaft and
bearings.
Press the oil heater to view current temperature of bearing and shaft spinning.
Press button off to stop the machine from spinning
In the event of an emergency while the machine is operating press emergency button to
stop the machine immediately

Oil enters annulus in base ring.

Oil passes through radial slots in back face of base ring.
Oil flows through clearance between base ring bore and shaft.
Oil flows to inner diameter of rotating thrust collar.
Oil flows between shoes and into the films.
At the collar rim, oil is thrown off into space around the collar.
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7. Oil exits tangentially through the discharge opening.

How To Maintenance Hydrodynamics Journal Bearing.

Cleaning The Bearing.

1. Gently remove the non-contact rubber shield with a push pin or the edge of a small knife
by prying the shield upwards from under the shield at the inner race. It should pop up
and out quite easily, so handle them gently and dont bend them or cut the seal. If you
have the labyrinth shield bearings, make sure to remove both of them. Be careful not to
bend or tear the shield as you remove them. Bent shields dont fit right and may allow
contaminants into the bearing. Dont use solvents to clean the rubber shields! Doing so
may cause the rubber to blister or swell from the solvents. Just wipe the rubber shields
down with warm soapy water and a lint free cloth. Make sure the shields are completely
clean and dry before re-installing.
2. Optional Cage Removal. You can clean your bearings more thoroughly by removing the
ball retainer or cage. We only recommend this if you are using the Bones Bearing
Cleaning Unit or are an experienced bearing cleaner. To remove the ball retainer, take a
straightened paper clip or similar object and place it in the spaces between the ball
seats, then push the ball retainer out. Pushing alternatively in several different spots is
often helpful. We recommend ONLY pushing the retainers out. If you pry them out, you
will damage the ball cavities, ruining the surface of that cavity. This will, at a minimum,
create more vibration and a slower bearing, and at worst, cause the entire bearing to fail.
When you remove the cage, the balls can all shift over to one side and in some cases,
may fall completely out of the rings. The Bones Bearing Cleaner isolates each bearing
with spacers, so there is less of a chance the balls may all come together on one side of
the bearing and then fall out of the races. This is, however, somewhat common during
bearing cleaning, and doesnt mean the bearing is broken, merely 100% disassembled!
If your balls fall out of the races, youll need to reassemble the bearing from scratch. Its
easy, and is how the bearings were assembled in the first place, so dont panic. You
need a soft surface like a folded towel. Take the outer race and the 7 balls and place
them on the towel. Make sure all the bearings are on one side like a crescent moon.
Press down on the side of the outer race where all the balls are at. Angle in the inner
race so the running surface of the inner race aligns with the balls and pull to the centre
of the outer race. It will take you a few tries more than likely, but youll get it.
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3. Clean your bearings and your ball retainer. If you have chosen to remove them, soak
them in your cleaning solution in a polyethylene, polypropylene, or metal jar. (We dont
recommend glass, because it is easy to break, but be aware that some plastics may melt
in some solvents, so be sure to use one you know is safe.) Wear suitable rubber gloves
and eye protection. Gently agitate the jar making the solution flush through the bearing.
Keep replacing the dirty solution with clean solution until the solution no longer changes
colour and you are satisfied with the smoothness of the bearing roll. If you have the
Bones Bearing Cleaning Unit, please revert to the instruction methods provided in the
bottle.
4. Dry your bearings. Remove the bearings and the ball retainers from the cleaning solution
and dry immediately. We recommend a can of compressed air to make sure all the dirt,
grease, solvents, cleaners, etc. have left the inner workings of the bearing and no water
is left. Do so carefully, so as to not get the cleaning agents in your eyes or anywhere but
onto a cloth on your work area.
5. Reinstall your cages. If you have removed the ball retainers, use the paper clip to spread
the balls out evenly and then insert the ball retainer so that each ball is over a ball seat.
Then, gently snap the ball retainers back into place. Once you have all the retainers
installed back into your bearings, check each bearing to be sure it spins freely. If not,
repeat your cleaning cycle or replace the bearing.
6. Lubricate your bearings. We recommend 2 drops of Bones Speed Cream per bearing for
bearings with steel balls. For Bones Swiss Ceramic Bearings, only one drop per bearing
is needed. Do not be tempted to use your bearings without any lubricant because they
spin faster without lubricant. Although this is partly true in a superficial way, riding your
bearings without lubricant will cause them to fail quickly and may cause them to freeze
up, which is NOT something you want to happen to you when you are skating!
7. Reinstall your clean rubber shields. Place each one flat on the open side of a clean
bearing where the balls are visible. Be sure the Bones name on the shield is facing
outwards, then press the rubber shields gently into place using your thumb and a rolling
action. Inspect the ring around the inner race making sure there are no dimples in the
rubber shield. If there are, run your thumb around it to flatten it out. If you have
Bones Labyrinth shield bearings, the shields are identical so follow this procedure for
both sides of the bearing. Spin each bearing for a couple of revolutions in your fingers to
distribute the lubrication throughout the inner workings of the bearing. Leave a slight
coat from your fingers on the outer sides of the bearing to prevent rusting.

8. Reinstall your bearings. When installing bearings into your wheels, be careful not to use
a tool that will put direct pressure on the shield or the inner race only. Denting the shield
will only cause friction and slow bearing down. A proper bearing press or tool will only
press on the outer ring of your bearing during insertion. Use a bearing press or your
truck/axle to press the bearings back into your wheels. Be sure to check that your
bearings are aligned properly so that your wheels spin freely, quietly, and smoothly. If
they dont, you will have to back track to seat the bearings parallel and fully into the
wheel. If they still dont spin smoothly and quietly, you will have to troubleshoot the
cleaning process to find out which bearing component is incorrectly installed or worn out,
and then replace that component or bearings as need be, before using the bearing in
your wheel.

Oil
How to maintenance lubricating oil by changing the lubricating oil in every 3 month.
Oil seal
The oil seal is service every week to prevent the leaking. If the oil seal is leaking, the seal is
replace with the new one to avoid the loss and machine breakdown.

Maintenance Schedule

Section

What To Do Maintenance

Bearing

Check & service

Oil

Change

Oil Seal

Check

Collar

Check

Shell & Housing

Check & service

Motor

Check & service

Bolt & Nut

Check & service

10

13

16

19
/

Every 3 month
/
W
E
E
K

Discussion

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Bearing
-Bearings function to launch the movement in hydrodynamic journal bearing. Bearing need
maintenance about 9 weeks once to make sure the bearings are in good condition. The
maintenance performed is check and service.

Oil
-Synthetic oil should be changed because the oil viscosity rate are reduced when operating
machine in a long time. In addition, the synthetic oil should be changed to avoid synthetic oils
suffer from impurities. Therefore, synthetic oil should be changed within the next 3 months so
that oil is in good condition.

Oil seal
-oil seal must be changed because, if not changed it can cause oil leakage in the machine. In
addition, the oil seal must also be converted to launch the round at shaft and bearings

Collar
-Collars need maintained to prevent corrosion. Additionally, it facilitates the movement of the
shaft. Maintenance should be done within 6 weeks once.

Shell & Housing

- Shell and housing need maintained to prevent corrosion. Additionally, it facilitates
the movement of the shaft. Maintenance should be done within 6 weeks once.

Motor
- Motor is a component of a machine that is very important in a machine. Therefore,
motor a very thorough care needs. Firstly , the cleanliness of the internal and
external motor. Hygienic dust and oils and impurities. In addition, the binder bolt
and nut site and other places on the motor should also be examined. Lastly, cable
connection on the motor must be in good condition so if cable connection,
disconnect the motor cannot function.

Bolt & nat

- Bolt and nut is the connection between components and components. Bolt and nut
is very important in every machine. Things always happen on the bolt and nut is
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broken thread. Therefore, bolt and nut need maintenance every week to ensure
damaged bolt and nut does not occur because it may be harmful

Conclusion

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Further it can be used to select lubricating oil for a particular speed and permissible limit of
temperature rise. Journal bearing are widely use in gasoline and diesel fuelled piston engine in
motor vehicle and allowed parts to move together smoothly. Journal bearing are considered to
be sliding bearing as opposed to rolling bearings such as ball bearings. The pressure
distribution of the hydrodynamic plain journal bearing lubricated with oil under steady state
consideration has been analysed. Based on the results and discussion presented in the
preceding following conclusions can be made for plain journal bearing studied. General
governing Reynolds equation is derived and implemented for hydrodynamic plain journal
bearing. Using Reynolds equation analytical model is developed for infinitely short and infinitely
long journal bearing to find steady state characteristics of plain journal bearing. Furthermore,
this analytical model is implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics software for more advanced
design and analysis. Using COMSOL pressure distribution for plain journal bearing is simulated
and compared with analytical solution. It is found that COMSOL gives approximately identical
solution for both short and long journal bearing, hence COMSOL solution get validated with
analytical solution and for CFD module has no problem to generate the so journal bearing.

Reference

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1. http://www.timken.com/enus/products/seals/industrial/products/Pages/OilAndGrease.aspx
2. www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/779/journal-bearing-lubrication
3. http://www.kingsbury.com/pdf/universe_brochure.pdf

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