Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RLC
RLC
RLC
MAC (Medium Access Control): MAC is the lowest layer 2 protocol and its main
function is to drive the transport channels. From higher layers MAC is fed with
logical channels which are in one-to-one correspondence with radio bearers. Each
logical channel is given a priority and MAC has to multiplex logical channel data
onto transport channels. In the receiving direction obviously demultiplexing of
logical channels from transport channels must take place. Further functions of MAC
will be collision handling and explicit UE identification. An important function for the
performance is the HARQ functionality which is official part of MAC and available for
some transport channel types
NAS
NAS Protocol(s)
Protocol(s)
(Attach/TA
(Attach/TAUpdate/)
Update/)
Paging: To locate an LTE_IDLE UE within a tracking area the RRC protocol defines a
paging signaling message and the associated UE behavior.
RRC Connection Management: The UE can have two major radio states:
RRC_CONNECTED or RRC_IDLE. To switch between the states an RRC connection
establishment and release procedure is defined. With the state RRC_CONNECTED
the existence of signaling radio bearers and UE identifiers (C-RNTI) is associated.
EUTRAN Security: Access layer security in EUTRAN consists of ciphering (PDCP)
and integrity protection for RRC messages.
Management of Point-to-Point Radio Bearers: Point-to-point radio bearers are
signaling and user data radio bearers for SAE bearers. RRC is used to create, modify
and delete such radio bearers including the associated lower layer configuration
(logical channels, RLC mode, transport channels, multiplexing, ).
Mobility Functions: When a UE is in state LTE_ACTIVE, the mobility control is at
the eNB. This includes handover from one EUTRAN cell to another or also intersystem changes. To assist handover decisions in the eNB RRC defines procedures for
measurement control and reporting. In LTE_IDLE mode the UE performs automatic
cell re-selection, RRC takes control over this process within the UE.
MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service): RRC is used to inform UEs
about available MBMS services in a cell and is also used to track UEs that
registered for a certain multicast service. This allows the eNB to manage MBMS
radio bearers which are usually point-to-multipoint.
QoS Control: The RRC protocol will be QoS aware, allowing implementation of
radio bearers with different QoS within the UE.
Transfer of NAS Messages: NAS messages are sent and received through the
EUTRAN protocol stack. RRC provides carrier services for such messages.
Cyclic Prefix
The cyclic prefix (CP) simply consists of the last part of the following symbol. The
size of the cyclic prefix field depends on the system and can even vary within one
system. Cyclic prefixes are used by all modern OFDM systems and their sizes range
from 1/4 to 1/32 of a symbol period. Most receiver structures use the cyclic prefix to
make an initial estimation of time and frequency synchronization (pre-FFT
synchronization, non-data assisted synchronization).
OFDM Key Parameters
Channel edge
Resource block
Channel edge
DC carrier
(downlink only)
Active Resource
Blocks
OFDM benefits:
Good performance in frequency selective fading channels.
Low complexity of base-band receiver.
Good spectral properties and handling of multiple bandwidths.
Link adaptation and frequency domain scheduling.
Compatibility with advanced receiver and antenna technologies
The real data rate of the user will be further reduced if the
physical layer overhead is considered. Also the higher layers
may introduce overhead as shown in chapter number 2. For
example IP , PDCP , RLC and MAC are introducing their own
headers.
This type of overheads are not discussed here
3.
4. PDDCH used in this scenario to indicate the UL grant, that is, what are the
physical resources which could be used by the mobile for the UL transmission
5. PUSCH this is the actual user data transmission (the user is sending the
request www.nsn.com)
6. PHICH this is actually on DL channel on which the ACK or NACK for the
HARQ are transmitted
Idle cell:
When there is no traffic, and assuming only the reference symbols are
transmitted (there are 2 of them within the same symbol of a resource block) from
a single Tx antenna then the RSSI is generated by only the 2 reference symbols
so the result becomes:
If all resource elements are active and are transmitted with equal power then