Thermal Engineering Systems

MEE 216
Lecture 02
Senthur Prabu S.
Asst. Professor(Sr.)
SMBS

Contact information:
Room no.: GDN G 09 E
Open hrs: Mon 05.00 pm- 06.00 pm
Thu 04.00 pm- 05.00 pm
Email: senthurprabu.s@vit.ac.in

Review of construction and

working of engines

Definition of Engine
It is a device which transforms one form of energy into
another form.
It can convert thermal energy into mechanical energy

Definition of Heat Engine

It is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a
fuel into thermal energy and utilizes this thermal energy to
perform useful work.

Heat Engines

Internal Combustion
Engines
(Combustion of fuel
takes place within the
engine)
External Combustion
Engines
(Combustion of fuel
takes place outside the
engine)

Classification of Heat Engines

Advantages of I.C. Engines

Overall efficiency is high (35%)
Mechanical Simplicity
Low weight to power ratio
Absence of heat exchangers

Maximum possible expansion ratio

Greatest possible working speed
Lower initial cost

 Easy starting from cold conditions

Compact and require less space
Largest possible cylinder volume with minimum
boundary surface

Disadvantages of I.C. Engines

Low starting torque
Problem of vibration caused by reciprocation of
components
Limited number of fuels

Components of Engine

Basic Nomenclature of Engines

Cylinder bore (d) :
It is the nominal inner diameter of the working cylinder.
Piston Area (A):
It is the area of the circle of diameter equal to cylinder
bore.
Stroke (L):
It is the nominal distance through which a working piston
moves between two successive reversals of its direction of
motion.

 Displacement or Swept Volume (Vs):

The nominal volume swept by the piston when travelling
from one dead centre to the other.
Vs = (/4) d2L = A X L
Clearance Volume (Vc):
The nominal volume of the combustion chamber above the
piston when it is at its top dead centre.
Cubic Capacity or Engine Capacity:
The displacement volume of a cylinder multiplied by the
number of cylinders in an engine.
Example: If there are n cylinders in an engine, then
Cubic Capacity = n * Vs

 Compression ratio (r):

The ratio of total cylinder volume when the piston is at the
bottom dead centre.
r = VT/VC = (VS + VC)/VC = 1 + (VS/VC)

WORKING OF 4 STROKE SI ENGINE

(OTTO CYCLE)

P-V CURVE FOR OTTO CYCLE

IDEAL

ACTUAL

WORKING OF 4 STROKE CI ENGINE

(DIESEL CYCLE)

P-V CURVE FOR DIESEL CYCLE

IDEAL

ACTUAL

QUIZ TIME
Which cycle has higher efficiency?
Otto Cycle
or
Diesel Cycle

The efficiency of diesel cycle differs from efficiency of Otto

cycle by the quantity in brackets. This quantity is always
greater than 1.
Therfore , Otto cycle has a higher efficiency.

VALVE TIMING DIAGRAMS FOR 4

STROKE ENGINE

IDEAL

ACTUAL

TWO STROKE ENGINE

WORKING OF 2 STROKE SI ENGINE

PORT TIMING DIAGRAM FOR

TWO STROKE SI ENGINE

WORKING OF 2 STROKE CI ENGINE

ACTUAL PORT TIMING DIAGRAM

FOR TWO STROKE CI ENGINE

INDICATOR DIAGRAMS FOR TWO

STROKE ENGINES

IDEAL

ACTUAL

COMPARISON OF SI AND CI ENGINES

COMPARISON OF 2 AND 4 STROKE ENGINES

THANK YOU