10massinissalalamsagemcominterferencemanagement 130408012719 Phpapp02

BeFEMTO Winter School
6-10 February 2012
Interference Management in CoChannel Femtocell Deployment

Massinissa Lalam
08-02-2012
Outline
Femtocell Deployment Overview
3GPP status on Interference Management
System-Level Simulation Framework
Evaluation of Power Control
Evaluation of Frequency Partitioning Schemes
Conclusions
BeFEMTO Winter School |
SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
Femtocell Deployment Overview
Coexistence Scenario
Femtocells are small base stations usually deployed within the macrocell
network
Mobile operator has no control over the deployment location
MUE1
femtocell
macro base station
FUE
MUE2
Femtocells have 3 access policies

Closed (only femto users can connect)
Open (all users)
Hybrid (all users + priority to femto users)
Worst-case
Co-channel deployment
Same carrier
Downlink + Closed access
Non authorised user in the vicinity of the femtocell may experience severe
interference coming from the femtocell
FUE2
femtocell1
MUE3
macro base station
MUE1
MUE2
FUE1
Thus, the need of Interference Management solutions
3GPP status on Interference Management
S1
Architecture (Rel.10)
S1
S1
X2
S1
X2
3GPP Rel.10
Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (1/2)

Frequency domain solution
Data channel protection

Indicators exchange through X2
macro / pico
Uplink interference management
Overload Indicator (OI)

eNB reports the level of interference
received
Low, Medium, High
Reactive process
High Interference Indicator (HII)

eNB sends 1 bit per resource block
(RB)
Indicate Cell-edge user on this resource
Informed neighbours will avoid these RB at cell-edge
Proactive process
Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (2/2)

Downlink interference management
Relative Narrowband Transmit Power

(RNTP) Indicator
eNB advertises Tx power per RB
Proactive process
Enables (dynamic) frequency partitioning
Hard Frequency Reuse

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)
Soft-Frequency Reuse (SFR)
Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (1/4)

Specifically targets Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet)
Small Cells
Time domain solution
Control channel protection
Information exchange through X2
macro/pico
or OAM configuration (TR-069)
macro/pico/femto
Focus only on Non-Carrier Aggregation (CA) scenarios
10

Downlink power control
Targets femtocell
Power is adjusted based on surrounding
Measurements performed by the femtocell
DL & UL
Need of one Network Listen Module (NLM)

Not specified
But always required by Operators
11

Almost Blank Subframe (ABS)
During defined subframes, the Aggressor cell does not transmit its (control +
data) channels to protect a Victim cell
ABS pattern transmitted via X2 (dynamic) for macro/pico
Macro/Pico Aggressor/Victim
normal
ABS
F e m to
F e m to
M a c ro
M acro
or via OAM (semi-static) for macro/femto

Macro/Femto Victim/Aggressor
12

Cell Range Extension (CRE)
Through broadcasted information (handover/camp bias) UEs stay connected
to picocells (hotspot)
Bias leads to low SINR
Requires advanced UE receiver to cope with low SINR

Interference cancellation
13
Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (1/2)

further enhanced ICIC (feICIC) for non-CA based deployment
Some proposals under discussion:
At the transmitter side in DL
Combination of ABS + power reduction
At the receiver side in DL

Use of advanced UE receiver (cancellation/discard of known signals such as CRS )
ICIC for CA based deployment

In CA deployment, several cells/ component carriers (CCs) are aggregated
Up to 5 CCs (100MHz maximum bandwidth)
Cross scheduling among the CCs is possible
14
Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (2/2)

ICIC for CA based deployment
For each Rel.10+ UE,
One Primary Cell (PCell) is assigned among the pool of cells
Carrying control/data information
The rest of the cells are seen as Secondary Cells (SCells)

Carrying data
PCell/SCell selection is under discussion

Macro UE A
Control signaling on f 1 and/or f 2
Data on f 1 and/or f 2
Macro UE B
Control signaling on f 1
Pico UE
Control signaling on f 2
Pico
Macro
f1
f1
f2
f2
15
System-Level Simulation Framework
16
System-Level Simulation (SLS)

SLS allows large scale network representation
Several (macrocell) base stations

Up to a hundred of users attached per base station
SLS aims at evaluating the system performance in this large-scale configuration
Radio resource management algorithms

Interference mitigations techniques
Coverage estimation
Various statistics are gathered for this purpose
Throughput
Fairness
Outage
Cell activity
Realistic traffic statistics
Frame/Packet error rates
Frame/Packet acknowledgement time
17
Evaluation Methodology (3GPP/3GPP2/IEEE802.16m)

Monte-Carlo Approach
Link
System
Static
Network construction
Mobile deployment
Physical Layer
Abstraction
Computation of long-term parameters

(pathloss, antenna gains, shadowing)
Dynamic
Look-Up Table
SINR
Computation of short-term parameters

(fast-fading)
(BLER vs SINR)
Scheduling, HARQ,
Throughput, Coverage,
18
Macrocell Layout
2D hexagonal layout, each site has 3 sectors (cells)
1 Central site
1st tier: 6 Sites
2nd tier: 12 Sites
Wrap-Around
Copy of the main cluster to
combat the edge effect
19
Long Term Parameters (1/3)
Let P be a point in the 2D plan
Pathloss from a macrocell base station

@ 2GHz, R distance from a site in meters
PL( R ) = 15.3 + 37.6 log10 R + [Wall attenuation ] in dB
, Gf2b in dB
GBS ( ) = G0 min 12
3dB
Point
GUE = G1 = 0dB
15
10
Antenna gain (dB)
Antenna gain
Cell
-5
-10 -150
-100
-50
0
50
Direction (deg)
100
150
20

Shadowing
Random variable representing the obstacles between one cell and one point
in the 2D plan
Correlation
SF ~
2
) in dB
N (0, SF
1 between intra-site cells

0.5 between inter-site cells
Power received by the point P from a base station (BS) in dB
PRx ( BS ) = PTx ( BS ) + GBS ( ) +GUE -PL( R )-SF

Signal to Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (Geometrical Factor)
G - factor =
PRx ( BSserv )
PRx ( BSitrf ) + Ptherm

interferers
21

G-factor can be evaluated every where in the 2D plan
without shadowing, without wrap-around
with shadowing, with wrap-around
22
Users Drop
Users are uniformly dropped over the 2D plan
Attachment to the best macrocell
Run 0 - Mobile drop: v=indoor, o=outdoor
3000
25
2000
46
1000
28
27
meters
29
49
47
10
48
50
-1000
31
13
12
52
14
43
44
16
33
40
18
20
55
21
23
19
17
22
15
34
42
51
53
-2000
26
7
11
30
32
45
24
39
41
37
54
36
38
56
35
-3000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
meters
1000
2000
3000
23
Femtocell Urban Model (1/2)

Dual-Stripes [3GPP TR.36.814]
2 stripes of 20 blocks, up to 6 floors
Pathloss (dB, distance d in meter)
Pathloss(dB) = PL (dB) + 0.7 d 2 D ,indoor
+ pAint + qAext
n+2
0.46
n
+
1
+ 18.3n
Within the same stripe
PL (dB) = 38.46 + 20 log10 R

Otherwise
PL (dB) = max{ 38.46 + 20 log10 R , 15.3 + 37.6 log10 R }
Shadowing
4dB of standard deviation
No shadowing if d < 1m
24
Femtocell Urban Model (2/2)

5x5 Grid [3GPP TR.36.814]
25 blocks
Pathloss (dB, distance d in meter)
No wall modelling
Pathloss(dB) = 37 + 30 log10 ( d )
Shadowing (dB)
10dB of standard deviation
No shadowing if d < 1m
Aggressive femto-to-femto interference scenario
25
Femtocell & Users Drop

Femtocell deployment
Deployment probability inside a block
Random position inside one block
Users are dropped per deployed femtocell

Random position inside the same block
Minimum femto-user distance = 20cm
26
Link to System
With fast fading, SINR is computed on each subcarriers

One SINR is derived using compression (MIESM, EESM)
From this SINR
Look-Up Tables (BLER vs SINR)
Enables realistic traffic modelling

HARQ
Truncated Shannon Bound
Gives spectral efficiency
min( max , log 2 (1 + SINR) SINRt > SINRmin
0
SINR
SINR
t
min
t =
max = 4.4
SINR min ( dB ) = 10
= 0. 6
27
Evaluation of Power Control
28
System simulation assumptions

Parameter
Value
Parameter
Value
Total bandwidth
10MHz
Number of 5x5 grids
21
Carrier frequency
2GHz
Deployment ratio
15%
Thermal noise density
-174dBm/Hz
Number of UEs per femto
Max FBS power
10dBm
Min FBS power
-10dBm
Inter-site distance
500m
Number of sites
External wall attenuation
20dB
Number of sectors per site
Shadowing std deviation
10dB
Number of UEs per sector
50
Shadowing correlation
Inside 5x5 grid ratio
35%
Shadowing autocorrelation
3m
MBS power
46dBm
8dB
between sectors
1 if same site
50m
0.5 otherwise
29
Static Evaluation - 5x5 Grid (1/2)

Independent CSG per femtocell
1
Cumulative Distribution Function (cdf)
0.9
0.8
No PC - Macro - Avg=-0.29952, 5-perc=-22.1293

No PC - Femto - Avg=9.0862, 5-perc=-11.4683
PC( =1,Lf=60) - Macro - Avg=2.0814, 5-perc=-9.7065
PC( =1,Lf=60) - Femto - Avg=7.8147, 5-perc=-5.1789
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
GFactor (dB)
30
Static Evaluation - 5x5 Grid (2/2)

Outage
One user is in outage if its G-factor is below -6dB
Independent CSG
UE in outage (-6dB)
No PC
PC
MUE
20.66%
8.99%
FUE
10.80%
4.18%
Average Tx power dBm
No PC
PC
FBS
10
-1.1885
UE in outage (-6dB)
No PC
PC
MUE
19.76%
7.57%
FUE
0.001%
0.06%
No PC
PC
FBS
10
-1.1885
Common CSG
31
System simulation assumptions (2)

Parameter
Value
Parameter
Value
Total bandwidth
10MHz
Number of dual-stripes
21
Carrier frequency
2GHz
Deployment ratio
15%
-174dBm/Hz
Max FBS power
10dBm
Min FBS power
-10dBm
20dB
Internal wall attenuation
5dB
4dB
3m
Inter-site distance
500m
Number of sites
50
Inside dual-stripes ratio
35%
MBS power
46dBm
8dB
between sectors
1 if same site
50m
0.5 otherwise
32
Static Evaluation - Dual-Stripes

Independent CSG
UE in outage (-6dB)
No PC
PC
MUE
10.72%
3.05%
FUE
1.32%
0.58%
No PC
PC
FBS
10
-1.3233
UE in outage (-6dB)
No PC
PC
MUE
10.36%
2.12%
FUE
0.002%
0.02%
No PC
PC
FBS
10
-1.3233
Common CSG
33
Evaluation of Frequency Partitioning Schemes
34
Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)

Cell space is divided in two:
Inner Region
Outer Region (edge users)
Edge users are given orthogonal subbands
SINR significantly increased

Bandwidth not fully used within one cell
Inner
Region
Tx power
Outer
Region
W0
W1
W2
W3
W0
W1
W0
W3
W0
W=
W0+W1+W2+W3
W2
Frequency
35
Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR)

Cell space is divided in two:
Inner Region
Outer Region (edge users)
Edge users are given more power
SINR increased
Bandwidth fully used within one cell
Inner
Region
Outer
Region
Tx power
W0
W1
W2
W1+W2
W0
W0+W1
W2
W2+W0
W=
W0+W1+W2
W1
Frequency
36
Resource Allocation in LTE Rel.8/9
Resource block group (RBG)

1RBG = set of contiguous RBs
Subband (SB)
1SB = set of contiguous RBGs
Usually 1SB = 2 RBGs
Bandwidth part (BP)

1BP = set of contiguous SBs
Example @10MHz in DL
BW = 3BPs = 9SBs = 17RBGs =

50RBs = 600 subcarriers
Allocation Type 0 allows one user to have
any set of RBGs
However, users reporting has a subband
granularity
Bandwidth part 0
1RB = 12 subcarriers
Bandwidth part 1
Resource block (RB)
Subband
Bandwidth part 2
In LTE, the total bandwidth (BW) is divided

in many parts of increasing size
RBG
RB
#0
#0 #1 #2
#1
#3 #4 #5
#2
#6 #7 #8
#3
#9 #10 #11
#4
#12 #13 #24
#5
#15 #16 #17
#6
#18 #19 #20
#7
#21 #22 #23
#8
#24 #25 #26
#9
#27 #28 #29
#10
#30 #31 #32
#11
#33 #34 #35
#12
#36 #37 #38
#13
#39 #40 #41
#14
#42 #43 #44
#15
#45 #46 #47
#16
#48 #49
Subband #0
Subband #1
Subband #2
Subband #0
Subband #1
Subband #2
Subband #0
Subband #1
Subband #2
37
Example of FFR/SFR in LTE Rel.8/9

FFR: 2 subbands per outer region
SFR : 2 subbands per outer region
38
Macrocell Only
Comparison between FFR, SFR and Reuse 1 (IFR)
FFR scheme improves significantly the SINR

May be a good candidate for macrocell partitioning
39
System simulation assumptions

Parameter
Value
Parameter
Value
Total bandwidth
10MHz
Number of dual-stripes
Carrier frequency
2GHz
Deployment ratio
10%
-174dBm/Hz
FBS power
20dBm
20dB
Internal wall attenuation
5dB
4dB
3m
Number of subbands used

for data
Inter-site distance
500m
Number of sites
MBS power
46dBm
8dB
between sectors
1 if same site
50m
Number of subbands for the

outer region
0.5 otherwise
40
Dynamic Evaluation - MIMO

Cell throughput
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
Macro
Femto
Macro
Femto
Macro
Femto
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
20
1x1 - Avg=14.2392, 5-perc=9.1579

1x1 - Avg=8.7766, 5-perc=5.3088
2x2 - Avg=22.2534, 5-perc=14.3447
2x2 - Avg=16.2933, 5-perc=8.4446
4x4 - Avg=39.1508, 5-perc=25.4384
4x4 - Avg=30.5246, 5-perc=13.6049
30
40
Cell Throughput (Mbits/s)
50
60
70
41
Dynamic Evaluation - MIMO

Mobile throughput
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
Macro
Femto
Macro
Femto
Macro
Femto
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
1x1 - Avg=2.0342, 5-perc=0

1x1 - Avg=8.7766, 5-perc=5.3088
2x2 - Avg=3.1791, 5-perc=0
2x2 - Avg=16.2933, 5-perc=8.4446
4x4 - Avg=5.593, 5-perc=0
4x4 - Avg=30.5246, 5-perc=13.6049
20
30
40
Mobile Throughput (Mbits/s)
50
60
42
Conclusions
43
Conclusions
Spectrum being a scarce resource, frequency reuse is of major interest
Under such co-channel deployment, interference management is a crucial factor
for Heterogeneous Network success
For LTE / LTE-A, control and data channels need to be protected
Due to their positioning within one subframe, different schemes have been
developed (time/frequency domain)
Use of system-level simulations allows a large scale performance evaluation of
interference management (for data & control channels)
44

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BeFEMTO Winter School

6-10 February 2012

Interference Management in CoChannel Femtocell Deployment

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Femtocell Deployment Overview

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Femtocells have 3 access policies

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Thus, the need of Interference Management solutions

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

3GPP status on Interference Management

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (1/2)

Data channel protection

Overload Indicator (OI)

High Interference Indicator (HII)

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (2/2)

Relative Narrowband Transmit Power

Enables (dynamic) frequency partitioning

Hard Frequency Reuse

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)

Soft-Frequency Reuse (SFR)

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (1/4)

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (2/4)

Need of one Network Listen Module (NLM)

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (3/4)

or via OAM (semi-static) for macro/femto

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (4/4)

Requires advanced UE receiver to cope with low SINR

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (1/2)

At the receiver side in DL

ICIC for CA based deployment

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (2/2)

The rest of the cells are seen as Secondary Cells (SCells)

PCell/SCell selection is under discussion

BeFEMTO Winter School |

SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Interference Management in Co-Channel Femtocell Deployment | Sagemcom

System-Level Simulation Framework