Talent Productivity Report

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Talent Productivity in Asia

Findings from the Asia Workplace Survey

A FRAMEWORK FOR MEMBER CONVERSATIONS


The mission of The Corporate Executive Board Company (CEB) and its affiliates is to unlock the potential of organizations and leaders by advancing the science and practice of
management. When we bring leaders together, it is crucial that our discussions neither restrict competition nor improperly share inside information. All other conversations are welcomed
and encouraged.
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These materials have been prepared by CEB for the exclusive and individual use of our member companies. These materials contain valuable confidential and proprietary information
belonging to CEB, and they may not be shared with any third party (including independent contractors and consultants) without the prior approval of CEB. CEB retains any and all
intellectual property rights in these materials and requires retention of the copyright mark on all pages reproduced.
LEGAL CAVEAT
CEB is not able to guarantee the accuracy of the information or analysis contained in these materials. Furthermore, CEB is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or any other
professional services. CEB specifically disclaims liability for any damages, claims, or losses that may arise from a) any errors or omissions in these materials, whether caused by CEB or
its sources, or b) reliance upon any recommendation made by CEB.

An overwhelming
majority of executives
expect increasing
demands for top and
bottom line performance.

ASIA FACES HEIGHTENED PRESSURE


ON TOP AND BOTTOM LINES
Business Executive Expectations of Revenue Growth Pressure, Cost Pressure, and Head Count Increases
Q4 2013

Despite an uncertain
economic landscape,
executives anticipate
increases in revenue but
decreases in resources
needed to meet those goals.

Asia
Global

80%

Percentage of Executives

68%

66%

67%

66%

43%
40%

33%

0%
Revenue Expectations

Cost Pressures

Head Count

n = 2,817 (Global); 200 (Asia).


Source: CEB Q4 2013 Business Barometer Quarterly Report.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Most companies in Asia


expect their employees
to continue to deliver
more performance with
fewer resources.

DOING MORE WITH LESS


Organizational Changes Experienced in the Past and Expected in the Future
Percentage of Respondents Selecting Agree or Strongly Agree
Over the Past 3 Years

Expected in the Next 12 Months

54%

Significant Increase in Performance Targets

53%

Substantial Change in Leadership

44%

Complete Restructuring

43%

Reduce Business Units


Operating Budget by at Least 10%

42%
39%
36%

29%
25%
37%

Significant Change in Strategy

24%

Merger or Acquisition

24%

Trouble Hiring Staff with


Required Skills or Experience

35%

34%

Reduce Head Count by at Least 10%

25%

33%

Significant Change in
Knowledge Management System

25%

31%

Significant Change in the Technology People Use

30%

Open Offices in Multiple New Countries

28%
22%

17%

25%

Higher Than Normal Employee Attrition

24%

Predominantly Hire Workers


Under 25 years of Age

16%

Work Contract Negotiations


with Employees or Unions

30%

20%

Increase in Number of Hours of Work


Expected from Employees

16%

10%
60%

26%

Significant Increase in
Number of Employees per Manager

29%

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

44%

16%
13%
9%

Significant Cut in Employees Health Benefits


0%

0%

30%

60%

n = 4,986 Managers.

n = 5,139 Managers.

Source: CEB 2012 CLC High Performance Survey.

Source: CEB 2012 CLC High Performance Survey.

Executives, managers,
and HR leaders say
they need breakthrough
performance from
employees to meet
their business goals
in the next 12 months.

LEADERS AGREE: GREATER BREAKTHROUGH


PERFORMANCE NEEDED IN ASIA
Mean Employee Performance Increase Needed, by Country, Level and Region
Managers and Executives Who Agree or Strongly Agree

30%

30%

30%

29%

26%

25%

22%
19%

18%

15%

0%

Asia

North
America

Europe

India

China

Executives

Managers

CHROs

Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey; CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council Performance Management Head of Function Survey.

To afford [to meet


ourgoals we will]
continue to drive
transformational productivity
across the entire enterprise.
John Compton
CEO
PepsiCo Inc.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

In the last few years,


employees in Asia have been
asked to do more and more.
Employees multitask
more frequently to manage
increased workloads without
adding hours to the workday.
Employees increasingly
work across multiple
time zones, cultures, and
customer segments, which
limits opportunities for an
organization to observe
performance.
Employees work requires
greater collaboration,
and as collaboration and
coordination increase,
an employees performance
is increasingly dependent
on the performance
of his or her peers.

THE WORK ENVIRONMENT HAS CHANGED


Greater Amount of Collaboration Required

Work Load Has Increased


Percentage of Employees Experiencing an
Increase in Workload in the Past Three Years
Asia

100%
Percentage of Employees

Widespread changes
in the organizational
environment have led to
fundamental changes in
how work gets done.

81% 80%

Change in Amount of Work That Requires


Collaboration with Others in the Past Three Years,
by Percentage of Employees

Global

78% 78%
63%

67%

56%

Increased

50%

77%

0%

Your
Workload

Your Teams
Workload

Hours Worked
per Week

n = 23,339.

n = 23,339.

Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey.

Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey.

Geographically Dispersed Workforces

More Matrixed Organization Structures

Change in Amount of Work with Coworkers


in Another Location in the Past Three Years,
by Percentage of Employees

Change in Number of Individuals Involved


in Decisions in the Past Three Years,
by Percentage of Employees

57%

50%

Increased

66%

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Asia

Increased

Asia

63%

Asia

n = 23,339.

n = 23,339.

Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey.

Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey.

Increasing the percentage


of employees with
high individual task
performancehigh output
per hour worked, ontime task completion,
error-free work, and highquality outputimproves
organizational performance.
However, employee
performance requires more
than effective execution
ofindividual tasks.

HR AGREES IMPROVING EMPLOYEES EXECUTION


OF INDIVIDUAL TASKS IS NOT ENOUGH
Change in Profit by Percentage
of High Individual Task Performersa

Employee Performance Is More Than


Individual Tasks
Individual contributors dont really exist
anymoreeveryone serves some type
of [broader] role.

High Individual
Task Performance

Change in Profit

Individual task
performance impacts
profit, but we
hypothesize there
issomething more
toperformance.

VP Global HR
Electronics Organization

In this new environment, employees need


to be able to contribute in multiple ways;
they no longer have the luxury
of specialization.
0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Chief Human Resources Officer


Manufacturing Organization

Percentage of Employees in Business Unit


withHigh Individual Task Performance
n = 23,339.
Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey.
a

An employees effectiveness at achieving his or her individual tasks and assignments as rated by the manager.

Note: CEB Corporate Leadership Council used a two-stage least squares regression to estimate the causal relationship between business unit profit change and percentage
of employees achieving individual task outcomes. The effects are modeled using a variety of multivariate regressions with appropriate control variables.

Methodology
Managers were asked to
rate their direct reports
effectiveness at achieving
individual task outcomes, such
as high output per hour, ontime task completion, error-free
work, and high-quality work.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

An employees enterprise
contribution consists of
his or her individual task
performance and network
performance.

Employees were evaluated


by their managers and peers
on their effectiveness at
achieving outcomes such as:

1. Individual Task Performance


High output per hour
worked
On-time task completion
Error-free work
High-quality work
2. Network Performance

CEB CORPORATE LEADERSHIP COUNCIL MODEL


OF HIGH PERFORMANCE

Individual Task
Performance

Network
Performance

Enterprise
Contribution

An employees
effectiveness at
achieving his or
her individual tasks
and assignments

An employees
effectiveness at
improving others
performance
and using others
contributions to
improve his or her
own performance

An employees
effectiveness at his
or her individual
tasks, contribution to
others performance,
and use of others
contributions to
improve his or her
own performance

Business Unit
Outcomes

Profit
Revenue

Introduction of improved
processes
Implementation of new
product or service ideas
Improved working
methods, techniques,
ortools
Transfer of great ideas
from other parts
of the organization
Transfer of skills
and knowledge

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Achieving breakthrough
performance means all
employees must display
individual task and
network performance.

Change in Profit by Percentage of Enterprise Contributors in Business Unit


High Individual Task and
Network Performance
(HighEnterprise Contribution)

Organizations that increase


enterprise contribution
can achieve improvements
in business outcomes two
times greater than those
achieved by organizations
that improve only individual
task execution.
When we examined
the effect of enterprise
contribution on revenue,
gains were similar tothose
realized for profits.

High Individual Task


Performance Alone

Change in Profita

TO ACHIEVE GOALS, THE ENTIRE WORKFORCE MUST


DISPLAY ENTERPRISE CONTRIBUTION

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Percentage of Employees

Implication 1: To dramatically improve outcomes,


employees must display individual task performance
and network performance.

Implication 2: As more employees achieve enterprise


contribution, business unit performance increases.
Thus, all employees should display these performance
traits, not just a small handful of A players.

n = 23,339.
Source: CEB 2012 Corporate Leadership Council High Performance Survey.
Models for revenue produce similar results.

Note: CEB Corporate Leadership Council used a two-stage least squares regression to estimate the causal relationship between business unit profit change and percentage
of employees achieving individual task and network outcomes. The effects are modeled using a variety of multivariate regressions with appropriate control variables.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

To maximize the
number of Enterprise
Contributors,
organizations must
improve both the
individual task
performance and the
network performance
of their average and
low performers.

Percentage of Employees; Asia and Global


Only 20% of employees display high levels
of network performance.

High Individual Task


Performance Alone

Enterprise Contribution

Asia: 13%
Global: 40%

Asia: 17%
Global: 17%

Average and
Low Performance
Core

Only one-fifth of employees


show high levels of network
performance; less than onethird deliver high individual
task performance.

Higha

The majority of the


workforce in Asia
comprises average
and low performers.

Individual Task Performance

Distribution of Employees by Level of Individual Task Performance and Network Performance

Only 30% of
employees
display high
levels of
individual task
performance.

High Network
Performance Alone

LESS THAN ONE-FIFTH OF EMPLOYEES ARE ENTERPRISE


CONTRIBUTORS

Asia: 67%
Global: 40%

Asia: 3%
Global: 3%

Coreb

Higha
Network Performance

n = 1,113 (Asia); 23,339 (Global).


Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Employees who were rated as a 6, effective, or 7, very effective, on a 7-point scale.

Employees who were not rated as 6, effective, or 7, very effective, on a 7-point scale.

10

To create a high
performing workforce,
organizations can
either buy or build the
required skills or create
a context that drives
high performance.

COMPANIES CAN BUY, BUILD, OR ENABLE ENTERPRISE


CONTRIBUTION
Factors Impacting Employee Performance by Maximum Impacta on Enterprise Contribution
Action Steps

Factors

An employees individual
characteristics include his
personality and acquired
skills and abilities.
An individuals personality
traits are affected more
by tenure and experience,
and less by planned
interventions; thus, in the
short term, companies must
buy these traits in the labor
market.

Maximum Impact on
Enterprise Contribution

Innate Traits
(Personality)

BUY
Recruit individuals who
possess the personality
traits required for
enterprise contribution.

16%

Acquired Skill
and Ability

BUILD
Develop the skills and
abilities required for
enterprise contribution in
existing employees.

27%

ENABLE
Modify job characteristics
and the organizations
climate to enable
enterprise contribution.

31%

The Individual

Context comprises aspects


of an employees job and the
organizational climate within
which he or she operates.

Job Characteristics

The Context

Organization
Climate

n = 425 managers; 3,403 employees.


Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.
a

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

The maximum impact on enterprise contribution is calculated by comparing two statistical estimates: the predicted impact when an employee scores relatively high on a driver
and the predicted value when an employee scores relatively low on a driver. The effects of all drivers are modeled using a variety of multivariate regressions with controls.

11

ROADMAP FOR THE PRESENTATION

Individual
Characteristics

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Job
Characteristics

Environment
Characteristics

Drivers

12

Enterprise Contributors
are inherently more
dynamic, structured,
creative, and influential
than other employees.

PERSONALITY TRAITS
Personality Assessment, Enterprise Contributors Compared to All Employees
Average Rating by Respondents on a 7-Point Behavior Rating Scale
Analytical Approach

Personality attributes tend


to be innate to an individual
and harder to change
through conventional
training methods.

Enterprise Contributors

5.9
6.0

Overall

4.7
6.0
5.8 Influence

Emotions
6.0

The biggest gap in


personality scores occurs
in dynamism (level of
ambition and drive to work)
and structure (long-term
orientation, focus on detail,
timely work.)
The lowest difference in
scores occurs at emotions,
which refers to display of
emptions and expressions
at work.

4.7

Empathy
6.05.7

4.5

4.2

4.5

4.8

4.4

4.4

5.8 Dynamism
6.0

5.8
6.0
Structure

Creativity and
5.8
6.0
Openness to Change

4.8
5.8
6.0

n = 208 Enterprise Contributors; n = 1,208 all employees.

Sociability

Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

13

Enterprise Contributors
have stronger cognitive
abilities than their peers.

COGNITIVE ABILITIES
Cognitive Ability Assessment, Enterprise Contributors Compared to All Employees
Average Rating by Respondents on a 7-Point Effectiveness Scale

Cognitive ability measures


the capacity to perform
higher mental processes of
reasoning, remembering,
understanding, and problem
solving.

Enterprise Contributors

Verbal Reasoning

Overall

6.0
6
5.0

4.6
Effectiveness Scale
7 Very Effective
6 Effective
5 Somewhat Effective
4 Neither Effective nor
Ineffective
3 Somewhat Ineffective
2 Ineffective
1 Very Ineffective

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

5.9
6

Inductive
Reasoning

4.9
6.1
7

Numerical
Reasoning

n = 208 Enterprise Contributors; n = 1,208 all employees.


Source: CEB analysis.

14

Enterprise Contributors
display much higher
business acumen and
better information
management skills than
other employees in Asia.

FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS


Functional Knowledge and Skills Assessment, Enterprise Contributors Compared to All Employees
Average Rating by Respondents on a 7-Point Effectiveness Scale.

Business
7 Acumen

Enterprise Contributors
Overall

5.7
4.8
Information
Management
7

7Process Management
6.2

6.0
5.1

5.0

5.2

5.3
Customer
Orientation7

Effectiveness Scale
7 Very Effective
6 Effective
5 Somewhat Effective
4 Neither Effective nor
Ineffective
3 Somewhat Ineffective
2 Ineffective
1 Very Ineffective

6.1

6.2

7
Technical
Proficiency

4.9
5.8

7
Technology
Expertise
n = 208 Enterprise Contributors; n = 1,208 all employees.
Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

15

As a result of their
personality traits,
cognitive abilities, and
functional skills and
knowledge, an Enterprise
Contributor is much more
effective at key behaviors
than the average
employee in Asia.

The gap between the


two employee groups is
the highest at behaviors
associated with leading
and deciding, and creating
and conceptualizing.

ENTERPRISE CONTRIBUTORS DEMONSTRATE SUPERIOR


BEHAVIORAL COMPETENCIES
Behavior Assessment, Enterprise Contributors Compared to All Employees
Average Rating by Respondents on a 7-Point Effectiveness Scale
Enterprise Contributors

Leading and Deciding

6.0
Enterprising 7.0
6.2
and Performing

4.7

6.1

6.3

7.0 Supporting and


Cooperating

5.4

5.1

Adapting
7.0
and Coping

Effectiveness Scale
7 Very Effective
6 Effective
5 Somewhat Effective
4 Neither Effective nor
Ineffective
3 Somewhat Ineffective
2 Ineffective
1 Very Ineffective

Overall

7.0

5.0

5.0

7.0
Organizing

Interacting

7.0
and Presenting

5.0

5.1
6.2

6.0

4.7

and Executing

6.2
7.0Analyzing and
Interpreting

6.0

n = 208 Enterprise Contributors ; n = 1,208 all employees.

7.0 and
Creating
Conceptualizing

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

16

ROADMAP FOR THE PRESENTATION

Individual
Characteristics

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Job
Characteristics

Environment
Characteristics

Drivers

17

Both managers and


employees indicate that
understanding the role
and their performance
expectations are the
most important aspects
of an individuals job.

Receiving feedback from


managers and peers
and from work activities
is the least important
characteristic.
There are no significant
differences in the
importance ratings assigned
by employees and managers.

EMPLOYEES AND MANAGERS CONSIDER ROLE CLARITY


MOST IMPORTANT
Importance of Job Characteristics to Employee Performance, Employees Compared to Managers
Percentage of Respondents Ranking a Characteristic in the Top Two Job Factors Impacting Employee Performance

Employees

80%

75%

Manager

63%
58%

57%

54%

52%
45%

52%
46%

49%

40%

27%
21%

0%

Role Clarity

Task
Significance

Skill Variety

Task Ownership

Task Flexibility
and Autonomy

Task Feedback

n = 3,403 employees; 425 managers.


Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

Methodology
Managers and Employees were
asked to force rank each job
characteristic from one to six.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

18

Nearly one-half of the


employees in Asia report
that their jobs require a
variety of skills.

MOST EMPLOYEES RATE THEIR JOBS HIGH ON SKILL


VARIETY AND TASK SIGNIFICANCE
Employees Perception of Their Jobs

Only a one-fifth of
employees in Asia report
having the autonomy to
decide how, where, and
when to do their work.

Average
Employee
Ratings:

5.33

5.45

5.37

5.19

4.97

4.88

49%

50%

Methodology
Employees were asked to
state their level of agreement
with several statements on the
existence or prevalence of each
characteristic in their job.
Agreement Scale
7 Strongly Agree
6 Agree
5 Somewhat Agree
4 Neither Agree nor Disagree
3 Somewhat Disagree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Percentage of Employees Reporting


These Characteristics Exist

46%
40%

27%
24%

25%

21%

0%
Skill Variety
n = 3,403 employees.

Role Clarity

Task
Significance

Task Ownership

Task Feedback

Task Flexibility
and Autonomy

Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

19

ROADMAP FOR THE PRESENTATION

Individual
Characteristics

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Job
Characteristics

Environment
Characteristics

Drivers

20

Employees in Asia value


gaining understanding of
the firms strategic goals,
participating in decision
making and dialogue,
and receiving support
and guidance from peers,
managers, and leaders.

ASIAS WORKFORCE PLACES IMPORTANCE


ON TRANSPARENCY AND OPENNESS
Importance of Environment Characteristics to Employee Performance, Employees Compared to Managers
Percentage of Respondents Ranking a Characteristic in the Top Two Environmental Factors Impacting Employee
Performance
80%

Employees
Manager

71%
61%
56%

59%

40%

24%

22%

23%

20%

17%
10%

0%

Transparency
and Openness

Network
Support

Freedom and
Empowerment

Rewards
and Fairness

Skill
Development

n = 3,403 employees; 425 managers.


Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

Methodology
Managers and employees
were asked to force rank each
environmental characteristic
from one to five.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

21

As few as one in five


employees in Asia report
organizations to promote
continuous learning and
development of skills.

Managers consider
transparency and openness
as important, but employees
in Asia report organizations
are doing a bad job at it.

EMPLOYEES REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS


BARELY EXIST IN THEIR ORGANIZATIONS
Employees Perception of Their Environment

Average
Employee
Ratings:

4.91

Agreement Scale
7 Strongly Agree
6 Agree
5 Somewhat Agree
4 Neither Agree nor Disagree
3 Somewhat Disagree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Percentage of Employees Reporting


These Characteristics Exist

Employees were asked to state


their level of agreement with
several statements on the
existence or prevalence of
each characteristic in their
environment.

4.94

4.64

4.66

20%

20%

Methodology

4.54

13%
12%
10%

6%
5%

0%

Skill
Development

Rewards
and Fairness

Transparency
and Openness

Freedom and
Empowerment

Network
Support

n = 3,403 employees.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

22

ROADMAP FOR THE PRESENTATION

Individual
Characteristics

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

Job
Characteristics

Environment
Characteristics

Drivers

23

MANAGERS BELIEVE LEADERSHIP HAS THE BIGGEST


IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Importance of Organizational Factors to Performance, Manager Rated
Average Ranks, Managers Were Asked to Force Rank Each Factor on a Scale of 1 to 8

Leadership

2.5

Manager Support

3.6

4.4

Structure and Governance

4.7

Coworkers or Team

Work Processes

5.0

Performance Management
Practices

5.1

5.9

Learning and Development

6.5

Technology and Infrastructure

7.1

Attraction and Recruitment


Practices
0.0

Importance

Most managers in
Asia believe that their
organizations leaders
have the biggest
impact on employee
performance.

4.0

8.0

n = 425 managers.
Source: CEB analysis.
Note: For additional details on the individual drivers, please refer to the appendix p.3144.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

24

Appendix

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

25

EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE BREAKDOWN BY REGION, FUNCTION,


AND INDUSTRY
Regions

Average and Low Performers

Enterprise Contributors

High Individual Task Performance Alone

High Network Performance Alone

65%

22%

11%

2%

India

63%

20%

13%

3%

Indonesia

86%

11%

0%

4%

Japan

77%

7%

14%

2%

Malaysia

72%

10%

14%

3%

Philippines

61%

18%

21%

0%

Singapore

66%

13%

20%

2%

South Korea

75%

17%

4%

4%

China

Others
Functions

73%

13%

13%

2%

Average and Low Performers

Enterprise Contributors

High Individual Task Performance Alone

High Network Performance Alone


3%

HR

69%

15%

13%

Finance

75%

14%

9%

2%

IT

59%

19%

19%

3%

Supply Chain and Operations

70%

18%

10%

2%

Sales and Service

66%

19%

11%

4%

Marketing and Communications

72%

11%

16%

2%

Strategy

53%

22%

25%

0%

R&D

47%

35%

15%

3%

Admin

75%

8%

8%

8%
High Network Performance Alone

Industries

Average and Low Performers

Enterprise Contributors

High Individual Task Performance Alone

Consumer Goods

69%

6%

22%

3%

Financial Services

65%

21%

11%

4%

Government Nonprofit

52%

36%

12%

0%

Health care

74%

13%

11%

2%

Insurance

76%

15%

9%

0%

Automotive and Durable Goods

65%

16%

12%

6%

Manufacturing

68%

17%

14%

1%

Oil and Gas, Chemicals, and


Mining and Materials

72%

11%

15%

2%

Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology

79%

5%

17%

0%

Professional Services

72%

19%

2%

6%

Technology

62%

19%

15%

4%

Transportation and Logistics

64%

12%

18%

6%

Others

63%

22%

12%

3%

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

26

PREVALENCE OF JOB CHARACTERISTICS BY REGION, FUNCTION,


AND ORGANIZATION TYPE
Task Flexibility
and Autonomy

Skill
Variety

Task
Significance

Task
Identity

Task
Feedback

Role
Clarity

China

22%

45%

40$

20%

24%

49%

India

22%

54%

42%

36%

28%

48%

Indonesia

27%

58%

36%

24%

22%

40%

Malaysia

17%

49%

36%

29%

20%

41%

Singapore

17%

45%

32%

23%

16%

36%

Others

25%

63%

57%

17%

28%

48%

HR

20%

56%

41%

27%

26%

46%

Finance

23%

46%

39%

27%

23%

43%

IT

17%

46%

36%

29%

25%

44%

Supply Chain and Operations

23%

50%

43%

29%

22%

47%

Sales and Service

23%

53%

36%

26%

25%

48%

Marketing and Communications

22%

54%

42%

33%

20%

44%

Strategy

25%

45%

45%

17%

23%

46%

R&D

20%

46%

39%

23%

24%

45%

Admin

23%

77%

38%

38%

46%

46%

WMNC

21%

50%

39%

28%

25%

46%

Domestic

21%

49%

40%

27%

23%

46%

Regions

Functions

Organization Type

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

27

IMPORTANCE OF JOB CHARACTERISTICS BY REGION, FUNCTION,


AND ORGANIZATION TYPE
Task Flexibility
and Autonomy

Skill
Variety

Task
Significance

Task
Identity

Task
Feedback

Role
Clarity

China

41%

19%

16%

5%

10%

8%

India

46%

15%

15%

13%

11%

1%

Indonesia

40%

10%

30%

10%

10%

0%

Malaysia

45%

12%

12%

16%

12%

4%

Singapore

50%

20%

9%

5%

11%

5%

Others

45%

11%

16%

7%

17%

4%

HR

45%

14%

16%

10%

10%

5%

Finance

46%

14%

17%

9%

11%

3%

IT

50%

17%

7%

3%

20%

3%

Supply Chain and Operations

40%

17%

14%

11%

14%

3%

Sales and Service

44%

14%

16%

9%

12%

5%

Marketing and Communications

46%

19%

19%

4%

12%

0%

Strategy

71%

14%

0%

14%

0%

0%

R&D

25%

15%

20%

20%

20%

0%

Admin

40%

20%

0%

0%

20%

20%

WMNC

44%

15%

16%

9%

11%

4%

Domestic

45%

15%

11%

10%

15%

4%

Regions

Functions

Organization Type

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

28

PREVALENCE OF ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS BY REGION, FUNCTION,


AND ORGANIZATION TYPE
Freedom and
Empowerment

Transparency
and Openness

Network
Support

Rewards
and Fairness

Skill
Development

China

6%

11%

4%

16%

21%

India

8%

16%

7%

13%

20%

Indonesia

4%

10%

7%

8%

12%

Malaysia

8%

8%

4%

10%

17%

Singapore

3%

6%

2%

9%

15%

Others

7%

21%

4%

17%

31%

HR

7%

13%

6%

16%

23%

Finance

4%

8%

3%

9%

13%

IT

8%

12%

5%

11%

19%

Supply Chain and Operations

4%

11%

5%

13%

17%

Sales and Service

7%

14%

4%

13%

22%

Marketing and Communications

7%

12%

3%

13%

17%

Strategy

12%

19%

7%

25%

30%

R&D

6%

9%

4%

12%

20%

Admin

18%

18%

9%

18%

36%

WMNC

6%

10%

4%

12%

20%

Domestic

7%

13%

6%

14%

20%

Regions

Functions

Organization Type

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

29

IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS BY REGION, FUNCTION,


AND ORGANIZATION TYPE
Freedom and
Empowerment

Transparency
and Openness

Network
Support

Rewards
and Fairness

Skill
Development

China

40%

29%

3%

15%

3%

India

41%

24%

17%

7%

7%

Indonesia

30%

40%

10%

30%

0%

Malaysia

45%

33%

4%

10%

4%

Singapore

43%

41%

11%

7%

2%

Others

47%

32%

11%

5%

5%

HR

47%

27%

12%

6%

5%

Finance

26%

29%

11%

23%

3%

IT

41%

48%

14%

7%

0%

Supply Chain and Operations

46%

25%

6%

13%

6%

Sales and Service

40%

37%

5%

9%

7%

Marketing and Communications

38%

15%

15%

23%

4%

Strategy

43%

36%

14%

0%

7%

R&D

30%

45%

5%

5%

0%

Admin

20%

60%

0%

0%

0%

WMNC

43%

31%

10%

9%

4%

Domestic

41%

29%

11%

10%

6%

Regions

Functions

Organization Type

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

30

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: LEADERSHIP


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Leaders in my organization

Agree

set strict rules and guidelines


and expect the rest of us to follow

31%

Neutral

Disagree

65%

4%

effectively communicate
new initiatives or goals

29%

66%

5%

embrace new ideas

28%

67%

5%

share information only after all decisions


have been made

28%

68%

4%

are decisive

28%

66%

6%

set clear expectations about how people


should interact within the organization

27%

68%

5%

effectively demonstrate how to challenge


when necessary

25%

68%

7%

actively teach us how to cooperate


with each other

24%

69%

7%

encourage a free flow of information within


the organization

24%

69%

7%

are not afraid to admit that they dont


have all the answers

24%

67%

9%

explain to employees why they made


certain decisions

23%

69%

8%

seek and act on employees opinions


and feedback

23%

70%

7%

are role models for the kind of work


behaviors expected of employees

23%

69%

8%

encourage reasonable risk-taking and


experimentation

22%

71%

7%

create lots of rules and bureaucracy that prevent


people from proactively coming up with new ideas

20%

trust employees to make


important decisions

20%

n = 3,491.

0%

69%
72%
50%

11%
8%
100%

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

31

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: MANAGER SUPPORT


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
My Manager...

Agree

lays out performance expectations clearly


emphasizes the same priorities as the
leaders in the organization

33%
31%

Neutral

Disagree

62%

5%

65%

4%

helps me connect to the right people


on their team

29%

65%

6%

makes sure all formal team interactions and


meetings are directed specific outcomes

28%

67%

5%

is unbiased and just in reviewing


my performance and providing feedback

28%

65%

7%

provides me with all support


I need to complete my daily tasks

27%

66%

7%

helps me connect to the right people


outside of my team

27%

65%

8%

follows a fair system to allocate work


across the team

27%

66%

7%

is effective in helping me see the link between


my work and overall organizational strategy

27%

67%

6%

proactively provides me with constructive


feedback on my performance

27%

66%

7%

helps me learn from my failures

27%

67%

6%

is role model for the kind of


work behaviors expected of me

25%

provides guidelines that distinguish


acceptable and unacceptable risks

25%

coaches and mentors me from time to time

23%

provides guidance on when to


abandon a failed assignment or project

23%

n = 3,492.
Source: CEB analysis.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

0%

66%
69%
68%
70%
50%

9%
6%
9%
7%
100%
32

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: STRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE,


ROLE DESIGN
Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements

Agree

On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
My Role and Responsibilities Reflect My Day-toDay Workflow (i.e., How Work Actually Gets Done)

Neutral

57%

Disagree

41%

2%

My Role and Responsibilities Reflect How


I Work with Others

53%

45%

2%

My Job Description Specifies the Skills and


Behaviors Required for Successful Outcomes

53%

44%

3%

My Role and Responsibilities Reflect


the Priorities of My Team

50%

2%

48%

My Role and Responsibilities are Very Specific


and Precisely Defined

47%

48%

5%

I Have Input into How My Job Is Defined

47%

49%

4%

There are Clear Decision-Making Rules for My Job

46%

50%

4%

My Role and Responsibilities Reflect the Priorities


of the Organization

45%

52%

Employees Roles and Responsibilities are


Reviewed on a Regular Basis

44%

My Role and Responsibilities are Defined


Solely by My Manager

38%

My Role and Responsibilities Seldom Create


Conflicts with Other Individuals Within or
Outside My Team

37%

My Role and Responsibilities Frequently Change


n = 3,460.

0%

3%

50%

6%

56%

54%

27%

59%
50%

6%

9%

14%
100%

Source: CEB analysis.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

33

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: STRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE,


DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree

Only a Few People at the Upper Levels of My


Organization Are Involved in Making Decisions

Agree

48%

Decision Makers Use a Balance of


Data and Judgment to Make Decisions

46%

Most Decisions Require


Approval from Multiple Stakeholders

45%

Employees Are Always Held


Accountable for Their Decisions

43%

Decision Makers Rely Primarily


on Data Analysis to Make Decisions

42%

Decision Makers Rely Primarily on


Intuition or Experience to Make Decisions

20%
0%

48%

4%

51%

3%

50%

3%

53%

61%

64%
50%

Disagree

5%

54%

31%

Employees Have Permission to


Make Decisions on Their Own

Neutral

5%

8%

16%
100%

n = 3,420.
Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

34

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: TEAM COMPOSITION AND CREATION


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Team Composition
My team

Agree

is composed of individuals with


different working styles

47%

is composed of individuals
with the same expertise

51%

30%

is accountable to multiple stakeholders

is composed of individuals of the same level

21%

has multiple leaders

20%

0%

5%

62%

23%

Disagree

2%

51%

44%

has a clear leader

Neutral

8%

64%

13%

63%

16%

59%

21%

50%

100%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

Team Creation
My organization

Agree

assigns employees to teams based


on their expertise

assigns employees to teams based


on working style

allows employees to self-organize a team


0%

26%

66%

22%

18%

67%

67%
50%

Neutral

Disagree

8%

11%

15%
100%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

35

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: COWORKER ACTIONS


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Agree

Neutral

Disagree

My coworkers

33%

provide relevant and useful advice


have regular formal or informal
meetings with me

64%

32%

64%

3%

4%

motivate each other to perform better

29%

66%

5%

are always willing to help others

29%

67%

4%

provide access to resources that would have


otherwise been inaccessible to me

27%

68%

5%

help reduce interpersonal


conflicts and tension

27%

69%

4%

proactively offer to help with my work

26%

67%

7%

put in extra effort to support others

26%

68%

6%

help me in prioritizing my work

24%
0%

70%
50%

6%
100%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

36

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: ACCESS TO TEAM AND COWORKERS


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Agree

Neutral

Disagree

My organization

encourages me to seek ideas and


information from others within my
immediate team

30%

66%

4%

makes it clear how and when people are


expected to collaborate with their
immediate team

26%

69%

5%

helps me identify people around the


organization who might be helpful
for me to work with

26%

68%

6%

encourages me to seek ideas and


information from others outside of my
immediate team

26%

68%

6%

helps me understand how members of my


team complete their work

25%

69%

6%

makes it clear how and when people are


expected to collaborate with people outside
of their immediate team

25%

69%

6%

helps me understand how peers outside of


my immediate team complete their work

24%

68%

8%

hosts forums, events, etc., to help me


connect with coworkes on my team

23%

66%

11%

hosts forums, events, etc., to help me


connect with peers outside of my
immediate team

23%

65%

12%

0%

50%

100%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

37

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: WORK PROCESSES


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Agree

Work Processes Make It Clear


Who Makes Decisions

34%

Neutral

Disagree

64%

3%

Work Processes Provide Very Specific


Guidelines About How Employees
Should Do Their Work

30%

66%

4%

Work Processes Minimize Mistake and Errors

29%

67%

4%

Work Processes Help Me Distinguish Between


Low and High Value Aspects of My Work

26%

69%

5%

Work Processes Are Reviewed


Periodically for Opportunities
to Streamline, Standardize, or Automate

26%

68%

6%

25%

70%

5%

There Is a High Level of Process


Standardization Across Different Divisions or
Business Units
Work Processes Are Updated Quickly in
Response to Change

23%

70%

7%

There Is a High Level of Process


Automation Across Different Divisions,
Business Units, and Functions

23%

71%

6%

Work Processes Are Designed Based on


Employee Input

Work Processes Are Outdated or Irrelevant

Work Processes Are Difficult to Follow


n = 3,283.

0%

18%

74%

8%

14%

71%

15%

13%

73%

14%

50%

100%

Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.


Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

38

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Goal Setting

Agree

There Is Periodic (Biannual, Annual, etc.)


Goal Setting Process by Which Organization
Objectives Are Cascaded to Various
Department and Teams

Neutral

Disagree

34%

61%

5%

All My Individual Goals Are Specific


to the Job I am Doing

33%

63%

4%

All Goals Assigned to Me Are


Challenging but Attainable

32%

64%

4%

Collaborating with Others on


My Team Is Explicitly Added to My
Performance Objectives

31%

I am Frequently Involved in Setting Goals


for Myself and My Team

30%

63%

All the Goals Given to Me Are Measurable

29%

66%

5%

I Understand What My Peers


and Coworkers Are Working Toward

29%

66%

5%

There Are Periodic Goal Review


Sessions to Assess If Any
of My Goals Need to Be Changed

28%

65%

7%

Collaborating with Others Outside of My


Team Is Explicitly Added to My Performance
Objectives

27%

67%

6%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

0%

64%

50%

5%

7%

100%
39

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT


PRACTICES (CONTINUED)
Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
There Is a Periodic (Quartely, Biannual, or
Yearly) Performance Assessment
Process in My Organization

Agree

41%

Performance Reviews Are


the Most Important Tool in Make Promotion
or Termination Decisions

54%

33%

61%

Neutral

Disagree

5%

6%

The Performance Review Is as an Important


Tool to Calibrate My Performance to Other
Employees at the Same Level

31%

63%

6%

My Performance Self-evaluation Is an
Important Part of My Performance Review

31%

63%

6%

Detailed Performance Criteria Exist and


Everyone Is Made Aware of Them

29%

The Same Standards of Evaluation Are


Applied to Everyone at the Same Level

28%

64%

8%

The Performance Review Accurately Evaluates


My Contribution to the Organization

27%

65%

9%

64%

7%

Customer Feedback (Internal or External) Is


Used to Accurately Assess My Performance

24%

66%

10%

My Coworker Feedback Is Sought to


Determine My Performance Review Scores

24%

67%

9%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.
Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

0%

50%

100%
40

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT


PRACTICES (CONTINUED)
Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Incentives
My Compensation Is Tied
to My on-the-Job Performance

33%

I Receive Short-Term
Incentives or a Bonus (Cash, Perks, etc.)

26%

A Substantial Part of My Compensation


Comes from My Team and Organizations
Performance

26%

I Receive Long-Term
Incentives (Stock, Grants, Options, etc.)
Employees Who Experiment and Take
Reasonable Risks Are Rewarded Despite Failure
n = 3,283.

15%

56%
56%

18%

60%
49%

12%

14%
36%

65%

0%

11%

23%
50%

100%

Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.

Feedback
The Peer and Manager Feedback I Receive
Help Me Evaluate the Right Job Behaviors

26%

69%

5%

The Organization Is Very Direct with


Employees Who Are Underperforming

24%

69%

7%

I Always Receive Periodic Formal


and Informal Feedback on My Performance

24%

68%

8%

I Have Never Received Any Unexpected


Feedback in My Performance Review
I Receive 360-Degree Feedback (from
Managers, Peers, Customers, and Direct
Reports) on My Performance
0%

22%
20%

69%
65%
50%

9%
15%
100%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

41

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Agree

My organization

Neutral

Disagree

has a formal mechanism (website,


portal, etc.) to look for job opportunities
within the firm

28%

supports me primarily in developing skills


and capabilities for my current role

27%

provides training primarily on technical


skills (such as industry-specific certifications,
functional knowledge, computer skills, etc.)

26%

65%

9%

provides me with adequate formal learning


opportunities (such as classroom teaching
sessions, training modules, etc.)

26%

64%

10%

supports me primarily in developing


skills and capabilities for future roles

25%

67%

8%

provides me with adequate informal learning


opportunities (such as peer-to-peer sessions,
learning groups, etc.)

24%

67%

9%

provides training primarily on soft skills (such


as interpersonal skills, attention to detail, ability
to deal with ambiguity, professionalism, etc.)

24%

66%

10%

23%

67%

10%

supports me in planning and managing my


career path

60%

12%

67%

6%

provides opportunities to change my current


function or business unit according to my
career interests

21%

has a formal mentoring program

20%

64%

16%

has a rotation program among different


functions or business units

20%

65%

15%

n = 3,283.

0%

68%

50%

11%

100%

Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

42

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Agree

I receive IT support for organizationprovided devices (desktop and laptop, work


provisioned cell phone, etc.) and software

45%

The equipment in my workspace


is physically easy to use

36%

60%

4%

34%

Its easy to access technologies not formally


provided by the organization
n = 3,283.

0%

7%
4%

I have access to technology that helps me


locate the right internal contacts

My organization provides readily available


training on how to use the various
devices and software

56%
60%

35%

I have access to technology for sharing ideas


and opinions with others and learning from
colleagues ideas and opinions (wikis, blogs,
Twitter, Chatter, etc.)
I have access to a quiet and private
space when I need it

4%

36%

I can get remote access to information and


applications (VPN, virtual desktop etc.)

55%

10%

62%

33%

My organization provides portable technology


devices (iPad, tablet computers, etc.)

2%

55%

37%

My organization provides easy access to the


data (internal or external) I need to make
decisions and create work deliverables

4%

55%

41%

My workspace allows me to quickly meet


coworkers who are critical to my work

Disagree

51%

43%

I have access to technology to share


documents and files with others (shared
folders, websites, portals etc.)
I have access to technology that supports
real-time conversations with colleagues in
other locations (video conferencing, web
conferencing etc.)
The technology provided by my
organization is user-friendly

Neutral

4%

62%

31%

52%

30%

60%

29%

60%

28%

64%

22%

68%
50%

5%
17%
10%
11%
8%
10%
100%

Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

43

DRIVERS OF PERFORMANCE: ATTRACTION AND RECRUITMENT PRACTICES


Percentage of Employees Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
On a 7-Point Scale, Where 1 and 2 = Disagree; 3, 4, and 5 = Neutral; and 6 and 7 = Agree
Agree

Neutral

Disagree

My Organization Places Greater Emphasis on


Functional Expertise or Technical Skills While
Hiring People

34%

62%

4%

The Recruiter Who Hired Me Had a Clear


Sense of the Organizations Business Strategy

34%

61%

5%

Both External and Internal Talent Pools Are


Considered for Any Open Position with the
Organization

32%

My Organization Uses Written Tests and


Exercises to Screen Applicants for a Job

31%

Recruiting Staff Supporting the Organizations


Local Market Has the Necessary Capabilities
to Recruit (Language, Knowledge of My
Hiring Needs, etc.)

30%

My Organization Conducts Behavioral


Interviews to Screen Applicants for a Job

29%

The Recruiting Practices at My Organization


Are Fair and Unbiased

29%

My Organization Places Greater Emphasis on


Soft Skills While Hiring People

25%

My Organization Conducts Case-Based


Interviews to Screen Applicants for a Job

25%

n = 3,283.
Source: CEB 2013 Asia Workplace Survey.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

0%

63%

59%

66%

63%

65%

70%

68%
50%

5%

10%

4%

8%

6%

5%

7%
100%
44

We used multivariate
linear regression to
determine the impact
of a variety of drivers
on employee performance.

APPENDIX A: EVALUATING THE NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE


PROFILE
Survey and Analysis Process
1 Survey managers in Asia to assess their
direct reports performance, personality,
skills, and ability.
Examples

their job, organizational climate, and other


workplace factors impacting their performance.
Examples

Personality

Task flexibility and autonomy

Functional skills and knowledge

Task significance

Formal performance ratings

Transparency and openness

Individual task performance

Network support

Network performance

Leadership and manager support

Coworkers or team

3 Use multivariate linear regression to assess


the impact of individual, job, and climate
factors on enterprise contribution.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

2 Survey employees in Asia on aspects of

4 Use multivariate linear regression to assess


the impact of organizational actions on
employee perceptions of job and climate.

Y = + 1X + 2C +

Y = + 1X + 2C +

Y = Employee Performance

Y = Employee Performance

X = Prevalence or Effectiveness of Individual,


Job, or Climate Characteristics

X=P
 revalence or Effectiveness of
Organizational Actions

C = Control Variables

C = Control Variables

1 = Impact on Employee Performance


of the Particular Characteristic X

1 = Impact on Employee Performance


of Organization Actions X

45

APPENDIX B: INDEX OF PERFORMANCE DRIVERS


Individual Characteristics
Personality

Job Characteristics

Drivers

Task Flexibility and Autonomy

Structure and Governance

Influence

Skill Variety

Leadership

Sociability

Task Significance

Manager Support

Empathy

Task Ownership

Coworkers or Team

Analytical Approach

Task Feedback

Work Processes

Creativity and Openness to Change

Role Clarity

Performance Management Practices

Structure

Technology and Infrastructure

Emotions

Learning and Development

Attraction and Recruitment practices

Dynamism

Cognitive Ability

Climate Characteristics

Transparency and Openness

Network Support

Verbal Reasoning

Freedom and Empowerment

Numerical Reasoning

Skill Development

Inductive Reasoning

Rewards and Fairness

Functional Skills and Knowledge

Business Acumen

Process Management

Technical Proficiency

Technology Expertise

Customer Orientation

Information Management

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

46

The individual
characteristics of an
employee consists of
two critical components
personality attributes or
innate characteristics,
and acquired skill and
ability.

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, PERSONALITY TRAITS


Personality Traits: An individuals preferred or typical style of behavior. These personality attributes
are predominantly innate.
1. Influence: Refers to the level of persuasiveness, assertiveness, and independent mindedness
2. Sociability: Refers to the extent of outspokenness, affiliative nature, and social confidence
3. Empathy: Includes the of extent to which a person is modest, collaborative, sympathetic, and caring
4. Analytical Approach: Refers to the extent of rationality toward data as well as the degree to which
a person is evaluative and understanding
5. Creativity and Openness to Change: Refers to the extent to which a person is conventional, conceptual,
or innovative as well as the degree of adaptability and variety-seeking nature of a person
6. Structure: Includes the degree of forward-thinking, detail consciousness, conscientiousness,
and adherence to rules
7. Emotions: Refers to the extent to which a person is relaxed, tough-minded, and emotionally controlled
in demanding situations as well as how trusting and optimistic a person is
8. Dynamism: Includes the extent to which a person is vigorous, competitive, driven, and decisive at work
Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

47

An individuals acquired
skills and abilities
comprises two important
components-cognitive
ability and functional
skills and knowledge.

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS: COGNITIVE ABILITY


AND FUNCTIONAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE
A. Cognitive Ability: The reasoning ability that measures the capacity to perform the higher mental
processes of reasoning, remembering, understanding, and problem solving
1. Verbal reasoning: The ability to think constructively and work with written information to identify
solutions to problems
2. Numerical reasoning: The ability to establish, execute, and interpret numerical data to identify solutions
to problems
3. Inductive reasoning: The ability to work with fuzzy and unfamiliar problems and develop solutions from
first principles, sometimes referred to as thinking outside the box or lateral thinking
Source: CEB analysis.

B. Functional Skills and Knowledge: The knowledge of facts, principles, theories, and practices that relate
to the field of work or job and skills that help achieve a given outcome.
1. Business Acumen: Includes knowledge of business operations and business relevance
2. Technical Proficiency: Includes specialized knowledge of required functional concepts, for example
accounting rules for an accountant and subject matter expertise
3. Technology Expertise: Includes knowledge of domain-specific systems and applications relevant
for the job, such as CRM, ERPs, SPSS, or other workflow tools
4. Customer Orientation: Includes knowledge of internal and external customers needs and expectations,
and knowledge of customer service concepts, policies, and procedures
5. Process Management: Includes knowledge of process methodologies, practices, procedures, and systems
that help manage work, simplify it, and use resources efficiently, including lean, six-sigma, TQM.
6. Information Management: Includes knowledge of data management techniques, such as finding, filtering,
and organizing data, and knowledge of analysis and synthesis techniques
Source: CEB analysis.
2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

48

We measured employee
effectiveness at eight key
behavioral competencies.

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS: BEHAVIORS


Behaviors: The way employees of an organization conduct themselves, especially towards their peers
and seniors in their work environment
1. Leading and Deciding: Refers to taking control and exercising leadership; also defined by the extent
to which an employee initiates action, gives direction, and takes responsibility
2. Supporting and Cooperating: The ability to support others and show them respect; also the aptitude
to work effectively with different coworkers and behave consistently with personal values
that complement the organization
3. Interacting and Presenting: The ability to communicate and network effectively; Also refers
to the extent of successfully persuading and influencing others
4. Analyzing and Interpreting: The ability to think in a clear and analytical manner to get to the heart
of complex issues; also indicated by the extent to which an employee leverages new technology
5. Creating and Conceptualizing: Refers to being open to new ideas and experiences, seeking out learning
opportunities, and thinking broadly and strategically
6. Organizing and Executing: The ability to plan ahead and work in a systematic way; Also refers
to the extent of focus on customer satisfaction and service quality
7. Adapting and Coping: The extent of adaptiveness and responsiveness to change and the ability
to manage pressure effectively; also refers to the extent of comfort with setbacks
8. Enterprising and Performing: Refers to the ability to understand business, commerce, and finance
and focus on results while seeking opportunities for self-development and career advancement
Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

49

We surveyed more than


4,500 employees and
managers in Asia to
assess the preparedness
of organizations in
the region to deliver
breakthrough gains in
employee performance.

Most respondents live in


India or China, followed
by Singapore.
Almost one of every three
respondents belongs to the
senior leader or above level
in the organization.

PARTICIPANT DEMOGRAPHICS
Country

Employment Level

Percentage of Employees

Percentage of Employees

5%
Other Asian Countries

3%
Indonesia

6%
Malaysia
15%
Singapore

6%
CEOs or
Functional Heads
22%
Senior
Leaders
29%
Individual
Contributors

37%
India

28%
Middle
Managers

33%
China

The sample is split evenly


between foreign MNCs
and domestic companies.

n = 4,596.

n = 4,569.

Source: CEB analysis.

Source: CEB analysis.

Note: Total may not equal to 100% due to rounding.

Note: Total may not equal to 100% due to rounding.

A third of the sample comes


from large organizations,
those with more than 10,000
employees.

Organization Type

Organization Workforce Size

Percentage of Employees

Percentage of Employees

6%
Government or
Public Sector
23%
Local
Company

24%
Domestic
MNC

16%
Greater Than
50,000

46%
Foreign
MNC

10%
20,001
50,000
7%
10,000
20,000
9%
5,00010,000

n = 4,545.

n = 4,467.

Source: CEB analysis.

Source: CEB analysis.

16%
Junior
Managers

26%
0500

14%
5011,000
18%
1,0015,000

Note: Total may not equal to 100% due to rounding.


2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

50

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

n = 4,533.

3%
3%
3%
3%
2%

Administrative
Support

1%

1%
1%
Restaurant

Supply Chain
and Logistics
Communications

3%

Media

2%
Leisure and
Hospitality

0%

3%
Procurement

3%

Aerospace

2%
Utilities

0%
2%
Real Estate

3%

Research and
Development

Customer
Service and Call
Center

Quality Control
and Assurance

3%

Automotive and
Durable Goods

Manufacturing

4%

Insurance

3%

Retail

Source: CEB analysis.

Corporate,
Strategy and Legal

n = 4,619.

5%

Pharmaceuticals
and Biotechnology

3%

6%

Education

4%

7%

Construction

5%

Government
and Nonprofit

6%

8%

Engineering
and Design

9%

Health care

11%

Operations

Finance and
Accounting

Sales and
Marketing

Information
Technology

10%

Consumer Goods

6%

Oil and Gas,


Chemicals, Mining
and Materials
Transportation
and Logistics

10%

Professional Services

20%

19%

Financial Services

Human
Resources
and Education

20%

Manufacturing

Technology

Most respondents
come from the HR
and IT functions, and
the manufacturing and
technology industries.

PARTICIPANT DEMOGRAPHICS (CONTINUED)

Function

Percentage of Respondents
17%

1%

Industry

Percentage of Respondents

20% 20%

10%

0%

Source: CEB analysis.

51

APPENDIX C: QUANTITATIVE MODEL OF ENTERPRISE CONTRIBUTION


Drivers

Intermediate Outcomes

Attraction and Recruitment


Practices

Individual Characteristics
Innate Attributes

Learning and Development

Personality Traits

Acquired Attributes

Structure and Governance

Cognitive Ability
Functional Skills and Knowledge

Enterprise Contribution
Individual Task Performance
An employees ability to achieve his or
her goals and objectives efficiently and
effectively

High output per hour worked


On-time task completion
Error-free work
High-quality work

Demographics (Control Variables)

Leadership

Age
Gender
Education
Tenure

Coworkers or Team
Job Characteristics

Manager Support

Work Processes

Task Flexibility and Autonomy


Skill Variety
Task Significance
Task Identity
Task feedback
Role Clarity

Network Performance
An employees effectiveness at
improving others performance and
using others contributions to improve
his or her own performance

Performance Management
Practices

Organization Climate Characteristics

Technology and Infrastructure

Transparency and Openness


Network Support
Freedom and Empowerment
Skill Development
Rewards and Fairness

Introduction of improved processes


Implementation of new product or
service ideas
Improved working methods,
techniques, or tools
Transfer of great ideas from other
parts of the organization
Transfer of skills and knowledge

Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

52

DRIVERS
Driver

Description

Structure and Governance

Role Design: the aspects of a job including objectives, activities, responsibilities, role clarity and skill requirements.

Decision Making Authority and Process

Leadership

Manager Support

Effectiveness of senior leaders in setting and communicating the vision and strategy, and promoting high performance
behaviors and practices
Manager support and competence in the following activities:
Allocating work
Defining performance expectations and monitoring progress
Providing feedback and coaching their direct reports
Supporting, encouraging, and empowering employees

Coworkers or Team

Work Processes

Performance Management
Practices

Technology and
Infrastructure

Learning and Development

Attraction and Recruitment


practices

Support received from people within and outside their team

Opportunities provided by the organization to create formal and informal networks

Peer commitment to collaboration and teamwork

Process Clarity

Streamlining

Degree of Automation

Employee Input into Process Design

Degree of Standardization

Goal Setting

Performance Assessment

Feedback

Incentives (monetary and


nonmonetary)

Technology: IT tools, equipment, and software available to employees to do their job

Collaboration Tools: tools, platforms, software that allow employees to collaborate with their colleagues

Workplace Infrastructure: physical workplace and design features

Information Access: access to internal and external information

Career Advancement: opportunities to move up the ranks or change function, business unit, geography, etc., based on
career interests

Training and Development: opportunities to advance current skill sets (includes both on- and off-the-job skill development)

Organizational practices to interview, consider, select, and hire employees

Source: CEB analysis.

2014 CEB. All rights reserved.ACE8051114SYN

53

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