StructuralMechanics

MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Static
A particle (a solid body, a structure or any subdivided part) is in a state of
equilibrium if the resultant force and moment acting on it are zero. In a
Cartesian coordinate system , and :

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Where
and

and
are the component of the external force
are the component of the external moment

and

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

It is sometimes more convenient to replace a system of forces by a resultant
and a moment
Considering the 2D case in the picture and the point :

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Typeofstructuralandsolidbodycomponents

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Typeofstructuralandsolidbodycomponents

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Typeofsupportandconnectionforstructuralcomponents

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Typeofsupportandconnectionforstructuralcomponents

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Statical determinacy
If the number of equations available from statements of equilibrium is the
same as the number of the unknown forces (including reactions) then the
problem is statically determinate
If the number of unknown reactions or internal forces in the structure or
component is greater than the number of equilibrium equations available,
then the problem is statically indeterminate
Example
Considering a inplane frame (or truss) structure:

numberofmembers
numberofreactions
numberofjoints

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

For every member an unknown force have to be determined

For every joint two equations can be written:

0

2 understiff:thestructureis
unstable.Itsamechanism
2 juststiff:thestructureis
staticallydeterminate
2 overstiff:thestructureis
staticallyindeterminate

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Freebody diagram
The freebody diagram is created when the structure, or part of it, is
separated from its surroundings and the possible reactions are inserted.
Considering the pinjoined plane frame structure in the picture, the member
can carry just axial forces: tension or compression
For every joint two equilibrium equations can be stated:

Signconvection:

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Example 1.3 pag. 12
Determine the magnitude and the type of force in each member of the
plane pinjoined frame show in the picture

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

1.

Is the structure is statically determinate?

2 9 3 2 6

2.

External reactions:

3.

Internal forces:
It is assumed initially that each member is subjected to
tension
The only joints at which there are two unknowns are
and
We can consider the joint :

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Thenthejoint :

Andthejoint :

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Thesolutionoftheexerciseis:

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

The freebody diagram
approach can be used for
every engineering pro
blem. In the picture a
forklift mechanism is
analysed:

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Bending of slender members
In the force analysis of frame structure the members were only subjected to
axial forces (tension or compression). Next step is to consider the effect of a
transverse force acting on slender members
The resultant deformation is called bending
The transverse externally applied load on a beam or bar can take one of the
two forms: concentrated or distributed:

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Bending of slender members
The number and type of supports are
very important for the solution: they
define if the solution is statically
determinate or indeterminate
Available equations:

Supports:

Fixedsupport

Roller

Pin

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Forceandmomentequilibriumduringbending
A slender curved bar is subjected
to various transverse loads
The internal force are evaluated
by cutting the bar and inserting at
the cut sections the necessary
forces and moments for equi
librium
The couple
is the bending
moment, the transverse force
is the shear force and the force
is the longitudinal force
M Q
P

Q M

(+)

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Sign convention for bending

Shearforce and bendingmoment diagrams

Both stresses and deflections during bending are related to the shear forces
and bending moments. It is therefore desirable to know the distribution
along the member and hence where the maximum or minimum occur

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Example
Cantilever beam with a concentrated load
1. Supports reactions
2. Cut the beam and draw the freebody
diagram (see note)
3. Evaluate
and
4. Draw the shearforce and bending
moment diagrams
Note: the number of cuts is determined by the
following rules
1. A cut before and after any change of the
load
2. A cut for any change in the bars geometry
(angle)

StructuralMechanics
MSY310 Year2014
Chapter01

Chapter 01 Statically Determinate Force System

Examples